This paper studies the adiabatic dynamics of the breather soliton of the sine-Gordon equation. The integrals of motion are found and then used in soliton perturbation theory to derive the differential equation governi...This paper studies the adiabatic dynamics of the breather soliton of the sine-Gordon equation. The integrals of motion are found and then used in soliton perturbation theory to derive the differential equation governing the soliton velocity. Time-dependent functions arise and their properties are studied. These functions are found to be bounded and periodic and affect the soliton velocity. The soliton velocity is numerically plotted against time for different combinations of initial velocities and perturbation terms.展开更多
Direct extrapolation of the strong interaction between quarks in pure perturbative calculation has a problem of thermodynamic inconsistency. A new term determined by thermodynamic consistency requirement could resolve...Direct extrapolation of the strong interaction between quarks in pure perturbative calculation has a problem of thermodynamic inconsistency. A new term determined by thermodynamic consistency requirement could resolve it. This new term plays an important role at lower density in describing the equation of state of quark matter, while it is negligible at high density. Accordingly, the density behavior of the sotmd velocity becomes more reasonable, and the maximum mass of quark stars can be as large as two times the solar mass.展开更多
文摘This paper studies the adiabatic dynamics of the breather soliton of the sine-Gordon equation. The integrals of motion are found and then used in soliton perturbation theory to derive the differential equation governing the soliton velocity. Time-dependent functions arise and their properties are studied. These functions are found to be bounded and periodic and affect the soliton velocity. The soliton velocity is numerically plotted against time for different combinations of initial velocities and perturbation terms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11135011 and 11475110)the Key Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJCX3-SYW-N2)
文摘Direct extrapolation of the strong interaction between quarks in pure perturbative calculation has a problem of thermodynamic inconsistency. A new term determined by thermodynamic consistency requirement could resolve it. This new term plays an important role at lower density in describing the equation of state of quark matter, while it is negligible at high density. Accordingly, the density behavior of the sotmd velocity becomes more reasonable, and the maximum mass of quark stars can be as large as two times the solar mass.
