In the coherent thermal state representation we introduce thermal Wigner operator and find that it is'squeezed' under the thermal transformation. The thermal Wigner operator provides us with a new direct and n...In the coherent thermal state representation we introduce thermal Wigner operator and find that it is'squeezed' under the thermal transformation. The thermal Wigner operator provides us with a new direct and neatapproach for deriving Wigner functions of thermal states.展开更多
This study discusses the information space, the wave function phase, the Berry phase and its relationship to quantization, discriminability of states and macroscopic quantum effects caused by localization of the parti...This study discusses the information space, the wave function phase, the Berry phase and its relationship to quantization, discriminability of states and macroscopic quantum effects caused by localization of the particle, followed by a possible entropy change during its transition into a new thermodynamic state. This work addresses interference： it is the information waves which interfere; the particles follow their roadmap, and the measurement of their coordinates introduces an additional uncertainty into the momentum. It is not particles （matter） which manifest these wave properties but fluctuations of the physical space-time coordinates. Physical characteristics corresponding to the fluctuating variables, energy, momentum, etc., determine the magnitude of the respective fluctuations rather than the wave properties of matter. Matter possesses no wave properties. This work also discusses the difference between the objective information and knowledge.展开更多
Experimental research has long shown that forced-convective heat transfer in wall-bounded turbulent flows of fluids in the supercritical thermodynamic state is not accurately predicted by correlations that have been d...Experimental research has long shown that forced-convective heat transfer in wall-bounded turbulent flows of fluids in the supercritical thermodynamic state is not accurately predicted by correlations that have been developed for single-phase fluids in the subcritical thermodynamic state. In the present computational study, the statistical properties of turbulent flow as well as the development of coherent flow structures in a zero-pressuregradient flat-plate boundary layer are investigated in the absence of body forces, where the working fluid is in the supercritical thermodynamic state. The simulated boundary layers are developed to a friction Reynolds number of 250 for two heat-flux to mass-flux ratios corresponding to cases where normal heat transfer and improved heat transfer are observed. In the case where improved heat transfer is observed, spanwise spacing of the near-wall coherent flow structures is reduced due to a relatively less stable flow environment resulting from the lower magnitudes of the wall-normal viscosity-gradient profile.展开更多
文摘In the coherent thermal state representation we introduce thermal Wigner operator and find that it is'squeezed' under the thermal transformation. The thermal Wigner operator provides us with a new direct and neatapproach for deriving Wigner functions of thermal states.
文摘This study discusses the information space, the wave function phase, the Berry phase and its relationship to quantization, discriminability of states and macroscopic quantum effects caused by localization of the particle, followed by a possible entropy change during its transition into a new thermodynamic state. This work addresses interference： it is the information waves which interfere; the particles follow their roadmap, and the measurement of their coordinates introduces an additional uncertainty into the momentum. It is not particles （matter） which manifest these wave properties but fluctuations of the physical space-time coordinates. Physical characteristics corresponding to the fluctuating variables, energy, momentum, etc., determine the magnitude of the respective fluctuations rather than the wave properties of matter. Matter possesses no wave properties. This work also discusses the difference between the objective information and knowledge.
基金Funding by the Government of Ontario and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL)
文摘Experimental research has long shown that forced-convective heat transfer in wall-bounded turbulent flows of fluids in the supercritical thermodynamic state is not accurately predicted by correlations that have been developed for single-phase fluids in the subcritical thermodynamic state. In the present computational study, the statistical properties of turbulent flow as well as the development of coherent flow structures in a zero-pressuregradient flat-plate boundary layer are investigated in the absence of body forces, where the working fluid is in the supercritical thermodynamic state. The simulated boundary layers are developed to a friction Reynolds number of 250 for two heat-flux to mass-flux ratios corresponding to cases where normal heat transfer and improved heat transfer are observed. In the case where improved heat transfer is observed, spanwise spacing of the near-wall coherent flow structures is reduced due to a relatively less stable flow environment resulting from the lower magnitudes of the wall-normal viscosity-gradient profile.
