二次热压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料性能的影响

为了量化分析现场二次热压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料性能的影响,基于常规力学性能试验、Overlay Tester反射裂缝试验、低应变水平下的四点弯曲疲劳试验,对比分析了现场铺筑上覆热拌沥青混合料前后乳化沥青冷再生芯样与室内马歇尔试样的力学性能差异。量化分析了现场二次热压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料力学性能及耐久性能的增强效果,并基于工业CT无损检测技术,分析了现场二次热压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料微细观空隙结构的影响规律。结果表明:现行规范推荐的马歇尔二次击实方法并不能很好地模拟现场实际压实状况,现场二次热压实对乳化沥青冷再生混合料力学性能、抗反射裂缝性能和抗疲劳耐久性能均有明显增强作用;现场压实乳化沥青冷再生混合料内部的大空隙数量和等效空隙直径均小于马歇尔击实成型,二次热压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料空隙级配影响显著;现场二次压实作用对乳化沥青冷再生混合料力学性能和疲劳性能的改善机理在于二次压实作用增强了乳化沥青冷再生混合料密实度,降低了微细观空隙直径,改善了微细观空隙级配。

考虑热压实过程的乳化沥青冷再生混合料设计方法研究

考虑热拌沥青混合料铺筑对冷再生层的"热压实"作用,室内试验采用"两次击实"的成型方法成型马歇尔及车辙试件;理论分析了土工击实法确定冷再生混合料最佳总水量的不合理性,并推荐采用美国再生沥青协会(ARRA)建议的先由经验初试总水量确定最佳乳化沥青用量,再根据空隙率确定最佳总水量的方法;通过工程实例和试验分析,中国规范中推荐的15℃劈裂强度和干湿劈裂强度比确定最佳乳化沥青用量的方法存在不足,推荐采用40℃马歇尔稳定度指标确定最佳乳化沥青用量,而15℃劈裂强度指标作为性能测试指标之一;采用-10℃低温小梁试验测试了冷再生混合料的低温性能。

乳化沥青冷再生混合料二次热压实室内试验模拟与路用性能增幅量化

为模拟乳化沥青冷再生混合料(EACRM)的二次热压实过程,以川九路改建工程EACRM下面层+SBS改性沥青AC-13C上面层的路面结构为例,基于现场钻芯实测空隙率,提出两种EACRM二次热压实的室内成型方法,即二次轮辗热压实法和二次SGC热压实法;再采用车辙试验、低温弯曲试验和浸水飞散试验,量化EACRM经二次热压实后高、低温性能和水稳定性能的增幅。试验结果表明,EACRM轮碾24次结束养生后再上覆SBS AC-13C混合料轮碾36次,或经SGC压实65次结束养生后再上覆SBS AC-13C混合料SGC压实100次,此二者与实际施工的压实效果相当。EACRM经二次热压实后,空隙率从12%降低至9.9%;高温车辙动稳定度提升超30%;在低温抗裂性能方面抗弯拉强度和弯曲应变能密度增幅超20%,最大弯拉应变的增幅较小,仅为5%;浸水飞散损失降幅超50%;并且,各项性能指标均较二次热压实前更加稳定。

北部湾盆地涠洲12 X油田涠洲组三段储层物性特征与影响因素

基于北部湾盆地涠洲12 X油田岩心物性、扫描电镜、粒度分析、薄片和铸体薄片镜下鉴定、(钻)测井及3D地震等资料,研究钻前预测储层质量、优势渗流通道、调整开发方案及挖潜剩余油,分析油田涠洲组三段储层物性特征与影响因素。结果表明:涠洲12 X油田涠洲组三段储层整体具有中孔中—低渗特征。沉积微相对涠三段碎屑岩储层的物性具有明显的控制作用(辫状分流河道好于河道侧缘好于分流间湾)。影响储层物性的沉积因素主要是粒径和分选性。粒度中值与分选因数呈正相关关系,粒度越粗,分选性越好,物性越好。储层物性受热压实作用的影响比较明显,储层孔隙度、渗透率与镜质组反射率呈负相关关系;胶结物的体积分数与孔隙度、渗透率呈负相关关系,溶蚀作用使储层的物性变好。该结果为类似区块钻前预测、优势渗透通道研究提供参考。

Dynamic recrystallization of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V in β forging process

The dynamic recrystallization（DRX） behavior of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy was investigated at deformation temperature of 1000-1100 °C and strain rate of 10-3-1.0 s-1 by using compression test.The results show that discontinuous dynamic recrystallization（DDRX） is the predominant recrystallization mechanism at temperature higher than 1050 °C and strain rate lower than 0.01 s-1.Meanwhile,continuous dynamic recrystallization is the main mechanism observed at temperature below 1050 °C and strain rate above 0.01 s-1,mixed with a few DDRX grains.In addition,decreasing strain rate and increasing deformation temperature are found to facilitate the progress of DRX and refinement of grains in the Ti alloy in β forging process.

沥青混合料压实机理新解

沥青混合料的压实是影响沥青路面性能的重要因素之一。根据土的有效应力和固结原理提出沥青混合料压实的固结—液体流模型 CFF,介绍了基于此模型的热熨压实机具 HIPAC,并从荷载的大小、作用频率、接触面积、作用时间和温度对

双曲率泡沫夹层复合材料异形件成型工艺研究

一体化结构的PMI泡沫夹层结构异形蒙皮组件是飞机轻量化设计和复合材料可设计性的创新应用,具有比强度高、比模量高、结构效率高的特点。以PMI泡沫夹层结构双曲率异形件为研究对象,介绍了其结构特征及选材方案,分析了不同模具方案的特点。针对制件成型后的脱模方案、泡沫芯拼接质量、闭角区域传压及成型质量等问题,制定了一套高效、高可靠性的成型方案。结果表明:分块芯模的设计方案,可有效解决异形零件的成型与脱模问题;热压工艺可以提高预浸料层间压实效果,避免泡沫芯架桥;发泡胶拼接工艺可解决闭角区域泡沫芯成形难题;硅橡胶芯模可保证压力均匀传递,避免辅助材料架桥,提高成型质量。

载人航天废弃物的空间辐射防护性能研究

针对载人深空探索中的空间辐射,特别是大规模太阳粒子事件对航天员的威胁,需要在载人航天器内建立空间辐射应急防护区,为航天员在遭遇太阳粒子事件的时候提供必要的保护。考虑热融化压实技术在降低废弃物的空间占用率、高温杀菌和回收水分的同时能在不增加额外载荷的情况下为航天员空间辐射应急防护区的建设提供材料,在载人航天废弃物模型的基础上,利用Monte Carlo方法对其热融化压实产物的质子防护能力进行了计算,结合太阳粒子事件能谱和组织器官剂量计算转换因子,对不同屏蔽条件下太阳粒子事件造成航天员组织器官剂量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在10 g/cm^2屏蔽厚度下,皮肤、脑、心脏以及红骨髓的辐射剂量都大大降低,均在剂量限值之下;除了需要对眼采取额外的局部防护措施以外,5 g/cm^2铝屏蔽+5 g/cm^2载人航天废弃物热融化压实产物基本上可以满足对太阳粒子事件的防护需求。

Microstructure and compression properties of fine Al2O3 particles dispersion strengthened molybdenum alloy

The Mo alloys reinforced by Al2O3 particles were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis and powder metallurgy. The microstructures of Mo-Al2O3 alloys were studied by using XRD, SEM and TEM. The results show that Al2O3 particles, existing as a stable hexagonal phase(α-Al2O3), are uniformly dispersed in Mo matrix. The ultrafine α-Al2O3 particles remarkably refine grain size and increase dislocation density of Mo alloys. Moreover, a good interfacial bonding zone between α-Al2O3 and Mo grain is obtained. The crystallographic orientations of the interface of the Al2O3 particles and Mo matrix are [111]a-Al2O3//[111]Mo and(112)a-Al2O3//(0 11)Mo. Due to the effect of secondary phase and dislocation strengthening, the yield strength of Mo-2.0 vol.%Al2O3 alloy annealed at 1200 ℃ is approximately 56.0% higher than that of pure Mo. The results confirm that the addition of Al2O3 particles is a promising method to improve the mechanical properties of Mo alloys.

Hot deformation behavior and constitutive modeling of Q345E alloy steel under hot compression

Q345E as one of typical low alloy steels is widely used in manufacturing basic components in many fields because of its eminent formability under elevated temperature. In this work, the deformation behavior of Q345E steel was investigated by hot compression experiments on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator with the temperature ranging from 850 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and strain rate ranging from 0.01 s-1 to 10 s-1. The experimental results indicate that dynamic softening of Q345E benefits from increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. The mathematical relationship between dynamic softening degree and deformation conditions is established to predict the dynamic softening degree quantitatively, which is further proved by some optical microstructures of Q345E. In addition, the experimental results also reveal that the stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. The constitutive equation for flow stress of Q345E is formulated by Arrihenius equation and the modified Zener-Hollomon parameter considering the compensation of both strain and strain rate. The flow stress values predicted by the constitutive equation agree well with the experimental values, realizing the accurate prediction of the flow stress of Q345E steel under hot deformation.

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Micro-Sized Tube Heat Exchanger

A micro-sized tube heat exchanger(MTHE) was fabricated, and its performance in heat transfer and pressure drop was experimentally studied. The single-phase forced convection heat transfer correlation on the sides of the MTHE tubes was proposed and compared with previous experimental data in the Reynolds number range of 500—1 800. The average deviation of the correlation in calculating the Nusselt number was about 6.59%. The entrance effect in the thermal entrance region was discussed. In the same range of Reynolds number, the pressure drop and friction coefficient were found to be considerably higher than those predicted by the conventional correlations. The product of friction factor and Reynolds number was also a constant, but much higher than the conventional.

Deformation mechanism and forming properties of 6061Al alloys during compression in semi-solid state

The 6061 semi-solid aluminium alloy feedstocks prepared by near-liquidus casting were compressed in semi-solid state by means of Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator.The relationship between the true stress and the true strain at different temperatures and strain rates was studied with the deformation degree of 70%.The microstructures during the deformation process were characterized.The deformation mechanism and thixo-forming properties of the semi-solid alloys were analyzed.The results show that the homogeneous and non-dendrite microstructures of semi-solid 6061Al alloy manufactured by near-liquidus casting technology could be transformed into semi-solid state with the microstructure suitable for thixo-forming which are composed of near-spherical grains and liquid phase with eutectic composition through reheating process.The deformation temperature and strain rate affect the peak stress significantly rather than steady flow stress.The resistance to deformation in semi-solid state decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and decrease of the strain rate.At steady thixotropic deformation stage, the thixotropic property is uniform, and the main deformation mechanism is the rotating or sliding between the solid particles and the plastic deformation of the solid particles.

Hot shear deformation constitutive analysis of fine-grained ZK60 Mg alloy sheet fabricated via dual equal channel lateral extrusion and sheet extrusion

Dual equal channel lateral extrusion(DECLE)process with various passes followed by sheet extrusion process was performed to produce fine-grained ZK60 alloy sheets.The coarse grain structure of the annealed sample after applying sheet extrusion(size:68μm)changed to fine grains of 6.0 and 5.2μm after 3 and 5 passes of DECLE and following extrusion.The hot shear deformation behavior of samples was studied by developing constitutive equations based on shear punch test(SPT)results.SPT was carried out in the temperature range of 200−300℃ and strain rate range of 0.003−0.33 s^(–1).The activation energy of 125−139 kJ/mol and the stress exponent of 3.5−4.2 were calculated for all conditions,which indicated that dislocation creep,controlled by dislocation climb and solute drag mechanism,acted as the main hot deformation mechanism.It was concluded that material constants of n and Q are dependent on the microstructural factors such as grain size and second phase particle fraction,and the relationship of which was anticipated using a 3D surface curve.Moreover,the similar strong basal texture of extruded sheets gave rise to the same deformation mechanisms during SPT and similar n and Q values for ZK60 alloy.

Experimental study of heat transfer of ultra-supercritical pressure water in vertical upward internally ribbed tube

Under ultra-supercritical pressure, the heat transfer characteristics of water in vertical upward 4- head internally ribbed tubes with a diameter of 28.65mm and thickness of 8mm were experimentally studied. The experiments were performed at P = 25- 34MPa, G = 450- 1800kg/（m^2·s） and q = 200 600kW/m^2. The results show that the pressure has only a moderate effect on the heat transfer of uhra-supercritical water when the water temperature is below the pseudocritical point. Sharp rise of the wall temperature near the pesudocritical region occurs earlier at a higher pressure. Increasing the mass velocity improves the heat transfer with a much stronger effect below the pesudocritical point than that above the pesudocritical point. For given pressure and mass velocity, the inner wall heat flux also shows a significant effect on the inner wall temperature, with a higher inner wall heat flux leading to a higher inner wall temperature. Increasing of inner wall heat flux leads to an early occurrence of sharp rise of the wall temperature. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients are also presented for vertical upward internally ribbed tubes.

NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE ABNORMAL TRACK OF TYPHOON MAGGIE

Typhoon Maggie （1999） interacted with another tropical depression system and moved along a west-southwest track that is somewhat abnormal during its pre-landing stage. Two numerical experiments are carried out in this paper to study the effect of the interaction on the track of typhoon Maggie using the mcsoscale numerical weather prediction model system with a tropical cyclone bogusing scheme developed by Center for Coastal and Atmospheric Research, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Results show that the cyclone system interacting with Maggie is the main factor for the abnormal track of Maggie.

Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in Dilute Water/Triethyleneglycol Solutions

Boiling of water/triethyleneglycol(TEG)binary solution has a wide-ranging application in the gas processing engineering.Design,operation and optimization of the involved boilers require accurate prediction of boiling heat transfer coefficient between surface and solution.In this investigation,nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient has been experimentally measured on a horizontal rod heater in water/TEG binary solutions in a wide range of concentrations and heat fluxes under ambient condition.The present experimental data are correlated using major existing correlations.In addition a correlation is presented for prediction of pool boiling heat transfer for the system in which the vapour pressure of one component is negligible.This model is based on the mass transfer rate equation for prediction of the concentration at the bubble vapor/liquid interface.Based on this prediction,the temperature of the interface and accordingly,the boiling heat transfer coefficient could be straightforwardly calculated from the known concentration at the interface.It is shown that this simple model has sufficient accuracy and is acceptable below the medium concentrations of TEG when the vapor equilibrium concentration of TEG is almost zero.The presented model excludes any tuning parameter and requires very few physical properties to apply.

Cooling of Superheated Refrigerants Flowing inside Tubes Filled with Porous Media： Study of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop, Carbon Dioxide Case Study

In this work an experimental study combined with an analytical investigation for cooling superheated Carbon Dioxide （CO2） gas were carried out. This work is intended to be part of the super critical Gustav Lorentzen refrigeration cycle of CO2. Experimental and analytical works concentrated on heat transfer and pressure drop for single phase flow during gas cooling inside tubes filled with porous media. Analytical empirical correlations were formulated for the coefficient of convectional heat transfer and for the pressure drop. A comparison between experimental results and that obtained by developed correlations were carried out, and a comparison between these results and literature published ones were carried out too. The results of this research showed that for cooling process the proposed correlations were proved to be acceptably accurate for pressure drop with difference from experimental results of 2%, while for convective heat transfer the difference from experimental results reached about 3%. More than 90% agreement with literature results was obtained. This work can enhance the calculations of heat flux and pressure drop of gases flow inside porous media filled tubes, and can help in the design procedure of heat exchangers and cooling processes.

Hot compression deformation characteristics of Mg-Mn alloys

The hot deformation behaviors of solution treated Mg-1.8Mn-0.4Er-0.2Al alloys were investigated by means of compression tests on Gleeble-1500 in strain rate range of 0.01-10s-1,deformation temperature range of 250-450℃ and a true strain of 0.6.The constitutive relationships among flow stress,strain rate and deformation temperature were described by Arrhenius-type equations,based on the fact that the material constants could be calculated under a wide range of strains.The results show that the flow stress of the experimental alloy decreases with temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing.Under the experimental conditions,the products of constant α and n in the constitutive equation are stable within certain strains,and the deformation activation energy ranges from 160 to 220 kJ/mol.It is proved that the values of calculated flow stress are close to the experimental results with average error of 2.01%.

Temperature in High Temperature SHPB Experiments

As an experimental technique, it’s desired that the temperature in specimen is uniform in high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. However, the temperature in specimen decreases and the temperature of bars increases when specimen starts to contact with bars, which induces the nonuniform temperature distribution in specimen, and may result in inac-curacy of experimental results. In this paper, the temperature distributions of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were investigated while the specimen was heated alone. Firstly, the temperature history of specimen was measured at different initial temperatures by ex-periments, then simulation was carried out. Simulation results were consistent with experimental results by adjusting the thermal contact coefficient between specimen and bars. By this way, the thermal contact coefficient and simulation results were validated, and the proper cold contact times of specimen and bars in high temperature SHPB experiments were discussed. Finally, the results were compared with those in references.