Al/CuO复合物的制备及其热反应性能研究

利用高能球磨法,制备了Al/CuO复合物,结合扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段观察了Al/CuO复合物的相结构和组织形貌,同时采用热失重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC),对其热性能进行了系统的研究。结果表明,Al/CuO复合物呈片状,颗粒粒径变大,但晶粒细化至微米级。球磨制备的Al/CuO复合物与空气的热反应性能得到显著提高,且在3h制备条件时最优。其增重率和铝反应率分别提高到74.33%和92.91%,最大放热热流率提高了53W/g,热反应焓变增加到3095.62J/g,活化能仅为202.7kJ/mol。在含能材料中具有很重要的应用价值。

焦炭热反应性能对高炉透气性的影响

焦炭热反应性能主要指焦炭反应性和反应后的强度。焦炭反应性的大小影响着反应后焦炭的强度,使焦炭在高炉各个部分的状态和行为发生变化,制约着焦炭在高炉中料柱骨架的作用,进而影响高炉的透气性。

氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律

为了考察氟橡胶包覆对微米铝粉燃烧性能的影响规律,采用激光点火、定容燃烧、热分析等方法,对5μm及50μm两种粒径、不同氟橡胶含量微米铝粉的燃烧性能、热性能进行了分析,得到粒径和氟橡胶含量对微米铝粉的点火延迟时间、燃速、燃烧状态、燃烧热值、热反应性能等的影响规律。结果表明,未包覆的微米铝粉在0.1 MPa氧气中无法被激光点燃。而在氟橡胶包覆后,随着氟橡胶含量的变化,5μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由91 ms缩短为31 ms,燃速可由3.08 mm·s^(-1)增加至364.96 mm·s^(-1),燃烧热值可达到27.61 kJ·g^(-1);50μm铝粉的点火延迟时间可由130 ms缩短为40 ms,燃速可由1.80 mm·s^(-1)增加至43.78 mm·s^(-1),燃烧热值可达到26.08 kJ·g^(-1)。此外,在热重分析(TG)的基础上,计算了氟橡胶反应深度和氧化铝层厚度,发现氟橡胶的反应仅存于铝粉的表面,而在相同反应条件下,反应完成后氧化铝层的厚度与微米铝粉的粒径无关。

低黏度室温固化环氧灌封胶的研制

在配方中采用了低黏度的室温固化剂和耐热性能良好的丁腈橡胶 ,降低了体系的黏度 ,改善了环氧树脂灌封胶的耐热性能。实验确定了灌封胶的配比 ,并考核了胶的理化性能、工艺性能、热反应性能、耐高温性能等。结果表明 :本灌封胶固化反应缓和、短时间耐 30 0℃高温、柔韧性好、黏度低 ,适宜作为狭窄腔体的灌封胶。

渣油的特征化参数

在对国外 5种减压渣油进行超临界流体萃取分馏及其窄馏分性质分析的基础上 ,考察了已有的渣油特征化参数KH 对国外减压渣油的适用性。研究结果表明 ,已有的渣油特征化参数KH 和国外减压渣油的化学组成偏差较大。因此 ,笔者建立了一个新的渣油特征化参数KR,可以比较准确地关联国内外 11种渣油馏分的性质和组成 。

Adsorption/reaction energetics measured by microcalorimetry and correlated with reactivity on supported catalysts: A review

The formations and transformations of the chemical bonds of reactants and intermediates on cata- lyst surfaces occur in conjunction with the evolution of heat during catalytic reactions. Measure- ment of this evolved heat is helpful in terms of understanding the nature of the interactions be- tween the catalyst and the adsorbed species, and provides insights into the reactivity of the catalyst. Although various techniques have previously been applied to assessments of evolved heat, direct measurements using a Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter are currently the most reliable method for this purpose. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the adsorption/reaction energetics determined by microcalorimetry and the reactivities of supported catalysts, and examine the im- portant role of microcalorimetry in understanding catalytic performance from the energetic point of view.

Spray deposition of FeCrNiMn and high carbon steel coatings by thermite reaction

A novel surface cladding technique was developed to prepare the FeCrNiMn alloy and high carbon steel cladding layers,and the microhardness,bonding strength,abrasion wear and corrosion resistance were investigated.The microstructures of the cladding layers were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The results show that the bonding strength between the substrate and the two cladding layers were(432.6±21)and(438.3±12)MPa,respectively.Vickers hardness values of the two cladding layers were HV418.5and HV329.6,respectively.The corrosion current densities of the two coatings were2.926×10–6and6.858×10–6A/cm2after electrochemical corrosion test in3.5%NaCl solution,and the wear rate were1.78×10–7and1.46×10–6mm3/mN after sliding wear test,respectively.This indicates that a well metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate was achieved,the abrasion wear and corrosion resistance of both coatings had been greatly improved compared with the substrate.The novel cladding technology is promising for preparing wear-and-corrosion resistant coatings.

Dimension Reduction Method in Thermodynamics of Multireaction Systems(Ⅱ)Residual Properties,Property Changes of Mixing and Excess Properties Relations

Based on the fundamental thermodynamic principle the relationships of the residual properties, the property changes of mixing and the excess properties between the hypothetical solution of unreacted independent species and the equilibrated solution of actual species have been established. The hypothetical solution provides a way of reducing the dimensionality of problem and simplifying the analysis.

Design of best performing hexagonal shaped Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor application

The mixed metal/metal sulphide(Ag@CoS)with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)nanocomposite(Ag@CoS/rGO)was synthesized for the possible electrode in supercapacitors.Ag@CoS was successfully deposited on the rGO nanosheets by hydrothermal method,implying the growth of 2D Ag and CoS-based hexagonal-like structure on the rGO framework.The synthesized nanocomposite was subjected to structural,morphological and electrochemical studies.The XRD results show that the prepared nanocomposite material exhibits a combination of hexagonal and cubic phase due to the presence of CoS and Ag phases together.The band appearing at nearly 470.33 cm^−1 in FTIR spectra can be ascribed to the absorption of S—S bond in the Ag@CoS/rGO nanocomposite.The clear hexagonal structure was analysed by SEM and TEM with the grain sizes ranging from nanometer to micrometer.The electrode material exhibits excellent cyclic stability with a specific capacitance of 1580 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g without any loss of capacitive retention even after 1000 cycles.Based on the electrochemical performance,it can be inferred that the prepared novel nanocomposite material is very suitable for using as an electrode for electrochemical supercapacitor applications.

A Comparative Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Typical Petrochemical Reactors

The performance of heat transfer is a key issue for reactor design in petrochemical industry. Since the heat transfer in reactors is a complicated process and depends on multiple parameters, the evaluation of the heat transfer performance is usually challenging, and few previous studies gave an overall view of heat exchange performance of different types of reactors. In this review, heat transfer coefficients of two types of petrochemical reactors, including the packed bed and the fluidized bed, were systematically analyzed and compared based on a number of reported correlations. The relationship between heat transfer coefficients and fluid flow velocity in different reactors has been well established, which clearly demonstrates the varying range of their heat transfer coefficients. Heat transfer coefficients of gas-phase packed bed can exceed 200 W/m^2·K, rather than the suggested values(17—89 W/m^2·K) mentioned in the literature. The fluidized bed shows better performance for both two-phase and three-phase beds as compared to the packed bed. Systems with liquid phase also show better heat transfer performance than other phases because of the larger heat capacity of liquid. Thus the industrial three-phase fluidized beds have the best heat transfer performance with an overall heat transfer coefficient of greater than 1 000 W/m^2·K. The heat transfer results provided by this review can afford not only new insights into the heat transfer in typical reactors, but also the basis and guidelines for reactor design and selection.

三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能

通过化学气相渗透(CVI)法结合反应熔体浸渗(RMI)法制备了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料,系统研究了三维针刺C/SiC刹车材料的热物理性能。结果表明:C/SiC刹车材料的热膨胀系数随温度升高总体呈增大趋势,但呈规律性波动;在相同温度下,垂直于摩擦面方向的热膨胀系数远大于平行方向的。从室温至1300℃,平行和垂直于摩擦面方向的平均热膨胀系数分别为1.75×10-6K-1和4.41×10-6K-1;C/SiC刹车材料的比定压热容随温度的升高而增大,但增大速率逐渐减小。温度从100℃升到1400℃,其比定压热容从1.41 J/(g.K)增大到1.92 J/(g.K);C/SiC刹车材料的热扩散率随温度的升高而降低,并趋于常量。平行于摩擦面方向的热扩散率明显大于垂直于摩擦面方向的热扩散率。

Thermodynamic analysis for a chemically recuperated scramjet

Endothermic hydrocarbon fuel is regarded as an optimal fuel for a scramjet with regenerative cooling,which provides extra cooling through endothermic chemical conversion to avoid the severly limited cooling capacity when conventional fuels are adopted for cooling.Although endothermic cooling is proposed from the view point that the heat sink of a conventional fuel is insufficient,the heat-absorbing through endothermic chemical reaction is actually a chemical recuperation process because the wasted heat dissipated from the engine thermal structure is recovered through the endothermic chemical reaction.Therefore,the working process of a scramjet with endothermic hydrocarbon fuel cooling is a chemical recuperative cycle.To analyze the chemical recuperative cycle of a chemically recuperated scramjet engine,we defined physical and chemical recuperation effectivenesses and heating value increment rate,and derived engine performance parameters with chemical recuperation.The heat value benefits from both physical and chemical recuperations,and it increases with the increase in recuperation effectiveness.The scramjet performance parameters also increase with the increase in chemical recuperation effectiveness.The increase in chemical recuperation effectiveness improves both the performances of the fuel cooling system and the combustion system.The results of analysis prove that the existence of a chemical recuperation process greatly improves the performance of the whole scramjet.

Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of bio-based composite using rosin-sourced anhydrides as curing agent for hot-melt prepreg

In this study, a novel bio-based thermosetting system has been developed from epoxy resin （EP）, with rosin-sourced anhydrides （maleopimaric acid, RAM） as curing agent and imidazole type latent catalyst （two amino imidazole salt complex, IMA）, to be used as matrix for hot-melt prepreg curing at mid-temperature. For comparison, the epoxy resin system with petroleum sourced hardener methylhexahydrophthalicanhydride （MHHPA） was also examined. The curing behaviour and mechanism were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） analysis and Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra. The results showed that the curing course of bio-based epoxy resin system containing RAM included two stages, which were the reaction between the free carboxyl group of RAM and oxirane ring under the acceleration of IMA, and the main reaction attributed to the reaction between anhydride and oxirane. According to Kissinger method, the reaction activation energy （E,） of two stages were 68.9 and 86.5kJmo1-1, respectively. The Eo of EP/MHHPA and EP/IMA resin system were 81.04 and 77.9kJmol-I. The processing property of EP/RAM/IMA system, i.e. the relationship between viscosity-temperature-time, was characterized by cone-plate viscometer aim to decide the processing parameter ofprepreg preparation. The effect of RAM content on mechanical performance and dynamic mechanical property was investigated. Noteworthily, compared with the laminates with EP/MHHPA as matrix, the laminates with RAM as hardeners achieved a 44%, 73% and 70℃ increase in bending strength, bending modulus and the glass transition temperature, respectively, due to the bulky hydrogenated phenanthrene ring structure incorporated into the cross-linking networks. When the fiber volume fraction reached 47%, the mechanical property of the laminates prepared with hot melt prepreg was superior or comparable to that of composites with pure petroleum sourced matrix. RAM as cross-linking agent of epoxy resin holds a great potential to satisfy the requirement of composites such as structure and secondary structure parts preparation.