利用反应热处理制备纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末

对反应热处理技术(即高能球磨+热处理)合成纳米晶WC 10Co复合粉末的工艺进行了研究.DTA和X ray衍射分析结果表明:以W,Co粉和碳黑为原料的混合物经过一定的活化处理后,碳化钨可在572℃左右形成;当温度为800～1100℃,热处理时间为15～35min时,合成的纳米碳化钨晶粒尺寸为9～42nm.反应热处理技术是合成纳米晶WC Co复合粉末的一种可行的方法.

反应热处理技术制备纳米晶WC-6Co硬质合金复合粉末

对反应热处理技术(高能球磨+热处理)合成纳米晶WC6Co硬质合金复合粉末的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,元素粉末经球磨活化后可降低WC的形成温度;在800℃反应热处理时,复合粉末中存在WC和W2C两种碳化物;而高于950℃热处理时,W、C则完全转化为WC相。纳米晶WC6Co复合粉末中WC的晶粒尺寸随热处理时间延长、温度的升高而增大;在950℃热处理保温30min的条件下可获得WC晶粒尺寸为33.3nm的纳米晶WC6Co复合粉末。

利用反应热处理制备纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末

对反应热处理技术(即高能球磨+热处理)合成纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末的工艺进行了研究。DTA分析结果表明:以W,Co粉和碳黑为原料的混合物经过一定的活化处理后,碳化钨可在572℃左右形成;通过改变反应热处理时间和温度,合成的纳米碳化钨晶粒尺寸在9～42nm之间变化。反应热处理技术是合成纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末的行之有效的方法。

机械活化-反应热处理制备纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末

以W,C,Co为原料粉末,经机械活化-反应热处理工艺制备纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末。结果表明:活化粉末的固相反应具有以下特征:反应温度低,反应速度快。在800℃热处理时已有大量WC生成。在850℃保温25minW2C完成了向WC的转化。经900℃保温35min制备了晶粒尺寸为30.5nm的WC-Co复合粉末。

含h-BN/Al的SiC复相陶瓷的等离子活化制备及其二次硬化处理

本文借鉴金属材料热处理后性能变化的特点,设计和制备能够后期硬化处理的h-BN/Al/SiC复合材料。首先利用等离子活化烧结(PAS)升温快的特点,h-BN/Al/SiC复合材料在PAS炉中一次烧结致密,然后在真空炉中对一次烧结体高温硬化热处理。对复合材料进行了X射线衍射测试,分析了硬化处理前后物相的变化,考察了一次烧结和硬化处理后金属Al的含量对SiC基复合材料的致密性以及硬度、强度的影响。结果表明,SiC复合材料中随着金属Al含量的增加,PAS一次烧结体的致密度增大,二次反应硬化处理,新的陶瓷相的生成大大提高了SiC复合材料的硬度和强度。

机械活化-反应热处理制备纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末的研究

以W、C、Co为原料粉末,经机械活化-反应热处理工艺制备纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末。实验发现活化粉末的固相反应具有以下特征:反应温度低,反应速度快。在800℃热处理时已有大量的WC生成。在850℃保温25minW2C就完成了向WC的转化。经900℃保温35min制备了晶粒尺寸为30.5nm的WC-Co复合粉末。

纳米晶WC-Co复合粉末制备的研究

采用W,C,Co粉末为原料,通过机械活化-反应热处理工艺制备出晶粒尺寸为30.5nm的WC-Co复合粉末。研究发现该工艺具有以下特征:反应温度低,反应速度快。在800℃热处理时已有大量的WC生成。在850℃保温25min,W2C就完成了向WC的转化。经900℃保温35min制得纳米晶粒WC-Co复合粉末。

纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉的制备

采用W,C和Co粉为原料,经机械活化—反应热处理工艺制备纳米晶WC-6Co(质量分数)复合粉末。研究结果表明:机械活化可使混合粉末化学反应活性增大,扩散能力增强,体系能量增高;反应热处理阶段活化粉末的反应具有反应温度低,反应速度快的特点;在900℃热处理保温35 min制备出粒度为33.3 nm的纳米晶WC-6Co复合粉末。复合粉末晶粒粒度随热处理温度的升高和保温时间的延长而缓慢增大,所制得复合粉末的热稳定性较好。

CoPy/C催化剂应用碱性介质氧还原催化的电化学性能(英文)

利用碳黑(Vulcan XC-72R)中加入硫酸钴和吡啶(Py)作为催化剂前驱体,经溶剂分散热处理构建了一类新型的高效氧还原CoPy/C复合催化剂.并运用循环伏安法(CV)和旋转圆盘电极(RDE)技术研究了不同Co含量的CoPy/C催化剂在碱性介质中对氧还原的电催化活性.结果表明:Co的存在对氧的催化剂活性位的形成有重要影响,800℃下所制备的10%Co30%Py/C(质量分数)复合催化剂表现出最佳的氧还原催化活性.以其制备的气体扩散电极在3.0 mol·L^(-1)KOH电解质溶液(O_2气氛)中0.014 V(相对于标准氧电极(RHE))即可产生明显的氧还原电流.同40%Py/C相比,10%Co30%Py/C催化氧还原的起峰电位正移了71 mV,同时表现出明显的极限扩散电流.在-0.16 V时电流密度达到最大值,电流密度为1.0 mA·cm^(-2),半波电位在-0.07 V.透射电镜分析表明所制备的碳黑载吡啶钴(10%Co30%Py/C)催化剂平均粒径为20 nm.

Study of NiSi/Si Interface by Cross-Section Transmission Electron Microscopy

Different silicidation processes are employed to form NiSi,and the NiSi/Si interface corresponding to each process is studied by cross-section transmission electron microscopy （XTEM）. With the sputter deposition of a nickel thin film,nickel silicidation is realized on undoped and doped （As and B） Si（001） substrates by rapid ther mal processing （RTP）. The formation of NiSi is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectros- copy. The influence of the substrate doping and annealing process （one-step RTP and two-step RTP） on the NiSi! Si interface is investigated. The results show that for one-step RTP the silicidation on As-doped and undoped Si substrates causes a rougher NiSi/Si interface,while the two-step RTP results in a much smoother NiSi/Si interface. High resolution XTEM study shows that axiotaxy along the Si（111） direction forms in all samples, in which specific NiSi planes align with Si（111） planes in the substrate. Axiotaxy with spacing mismatch is also discussed.

Nano-porous Composites Based on Liquid： Synthesis, Characterization, Esterification Heteropolyacid Functionalized Ionic and Catalytic Performance in

Fhnctionalized ionic liquid samples （bmim-PW12） were synthesized by 1-butyl-3-methyl- imidazolium bromide （bmimBr） and 12-phosphotungstic heteropolyacid （PW12）. The samples were annealed at 100-450 ℃ and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermal gravity-DTG, brunauer emmett teller, and NHa-temperature programmed desorption. The results showed that the bmim-PW12 samples were crystal and maintained intact Keggin structure. The organic parts of those samples were partly decomposed at a temperature more than 350 ℃. The sample annealed at 400 ℃ exhibited nano-porous structure, strong acidity, and excellent catalytic activity on the esterification of n-butanol with acetic acid. The higher ester yield was obtained when the mass ratio of catalyst over the reactants amount was 5% for bmim-PW12 catalyst annealed at 400 ℃.

Thermal Treatment for Decreasing the Acidity of Crude Oil

Highly acidic crude oil is thermally soaked to investigate how the temperature and time involved affect the removal of organic acid in feedstock. Experimental results indicate that thermal treatment is an effective approach to decreasing acidity and the acid removal rate reaches 80%. Temperature is one of the main factors that determine the acid removal reaction. When the temperature ranges from 420oC to 440oC, the acid removal rate increases with the rise of the reaction temperature, but the increase slows down gradually. At the reaction temperature below 440oC, the long reaction time favors the acid removal. The cracking and polymerization of hydrocarbon molecules take place so that the properties of the crude oil change at the same time when the highly acidic crude is thermally treated.

Reactive diffusion in Mg-Gd binary system at 773K

The reactive diffusion in Mg-Gd binary system was studied at 773 K by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and electron probe micro-analysis（EPMA）. After annealing at 773 K for 12-48 h, four different intermetallic layers, Mg5 Gd, Mg3 Gd, Mg2 Gd and Mg Gd, form at the Mg/Gd interfaces in the diffusion couples. The thicknesses of intermetallic layers δi（i stands for the phases of Mg5 Gd, Mg3 Gd, Mg2 Gd and Mg Gd, respectively） are proportional to the square root of annealing time t1/2, which indicates that the growth behavior of the intermetallics is controlled by the diffusion rate. The ratio of thickness of each intermetallic layer to the total thickness is constant with increasing the annealing time, which means that the growth behavior is constant at a certain annealing temperature. The diffusion coefficient of Gd in different intermetallics was calculated by Matano method.

Effect of heat treatment on structure and gasification reactivity of petroleum coke

Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as the gasification reactivity of the heat-treated petroleum cokes were investigated. The results showed that the petroleum coke was carbonized and grapbitized to a higher degree with increasing heating temperature, while the gasification reactivity decreased. The treatment at temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K significantly enlarged the specific surface area and the pore volume of petroleum coke. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume decreased at 1673 K. An empirical normal distribution function model （NDFM） was found to fit the gasification rates of petroleum coke well. The correlation coefficient of petroleum coke by normal distribution function model at different heat treatment temperatures is between 0.93 and 0.95.

Vanadium oxide nanotubes for selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH_3

Vanadium oxide （VOx） nanostructures, synthesized by hydrothermal treatment using dodecylamine as template, were evaluated for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia （NH3-SCR）, The effect of solvent type in the reaction mixture （EtOH/（EtOH ＋ H20）） and time of hydrolysis was studied. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and BET, The VOx nanorods （80-120 nm diameter and 1-4 μm length） were synthesized in 25 vol% EtOH/（EtOH ＋ H20） and the open-ended multiwalled VOx nanotube （50-100 nm inner diameter, 110-180 nm outer diameter and 0,5-2 pm length） synthesized in 50 vol% EtOH/（EtOH ＋ H20）. VOx nanotuhes performed the superior NH3-SCR activity under a gas hourly space velocity of 12,000 h-1 at low temperature of 250 ~C （NOx conversion of 893g ＆ N2 selectivity of 100%）, while most of the developed Vanadia base catalysts are active at high temperature （〉350 ℃）. The superior NH3-SCR activity ofVOx nanotubes at low tem- perature is related to nanocrystalline structure, special nanotube morphology as well as high specific surface area.

High-temperature thermal stability of C/C−ZrC−SiC composites via region labeling method

To investigate the thermal stability of ceramic-matrix composites,three kinds of C/C−ZrC−SiC composites with different Zr/Si molar ratios were synthesized by reactive melt infiltration.Employing region labeling method,the high-temperature thermal stability of the composites was systematically studied by changing the temperature and holding time of thermal treatment.Results show that the mass loss rate of low Si composites has a growth trend with increasing temperature,and a crystal transformation from β-SiC toα-SiC occurs in the composites.In the calibrated area,SiC phase experiences Ostwald ripening and volume change with location migration,while ZrC phase experiences a re-sintering process with diffusion.Moreover,it is found that increasing temperature has a more obvious effect on the thermal stability than extending holding time,which is mainly attributed to the faster diffusion rate of atoms.

Influence of Hydrothermal Pre-Treatment of Coal Fly on the Synthesis of Belite Phase

In this paper, the results of an extensive investigation of hydrothermal pre-treatment for synthesizing belite phase from reactive mixtures （CaO/SiO2 molar ratio of 2） consisting of one waste kinds （bottom ash-BA or fly ash-FA） from fluidised brown coal combustion in Slovakian power plant and CaO （analytical grade reagent） addition are summarized. Changes in structure and phase composition of hydrothermally synthesized belite precursors and subsequent calcinated products were compared with those of starting mixtures. Based on XRD diffraction patterns, the formation of the new profiles corresponding to CSH phases with low degree of ordering as belite precursors after hydrothermal treatment was confirmed. Calcination of hydrotermally treated products at 900℃ led to transformation of CSH phases to wollastonite, belite and gehlenite phase. Differences in phase composition of products before and after calcination depend upon waste quality and precursor＇s synthesis conditions. Bottom ash isn＇t suitable as raw material for synthesizing belite phase because of high CaO content fixed in anhydrite form （44.1%）. Coal fly ash with low CaO content in anhydrite form （4.2%） and its hydrothermal treatment in combination with subsequent heating offer opportunities for the utilization of coal fly ash as raw material for belite production.

Carbon spheres prepared via solvent-thermal reaction method and their microstructures after high temperature treatment

Carbon spheres with size of 50-300 nm were synthesized via a solvent-thermal reaction with calcium carbide and chloroform as reactants in a sealed autoclave.The morphologies and microstructures of carbon spheres before and after high temperature treatment(HTT) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) ,scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) ,energy diffraction spectroscopy(EDS) ,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) .The formation mechanism of carbon spheres was discussed.The results indicate that the carbon spheres convert to hollow polyhedron through HTT.Carbon spheres are composed of entangled and curve graphitic layers with short range order similar to cotton structure,and carbon polyhedron with dimension of 50-250 nm and shell thickness of 15-30 nm.The change of solid spheres to hollow polyhedron with branches gives a new evidence for formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres.

Influence of Al2O3 and TiO2 supports on catalytic performance of Ni and Co catalysts for gasification of glycerol waste

Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes is more practical. Gasification reaction has attracted a lot of interest by producing syngas rich in CO and H2. This syngas can be converted to clean liquid fuels, such as methanol and Fischer-Tropsch oil. Nickel and Cobalt catalyst was widely used in steam reforming reaction. ethanol etc. The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize 5.0 and 10.0%wt of Ni and Co catalysts using the impregnation method on various supporters, such as alumina and titanium oxide （TiO2） and to evaluate their catalytic performance. The specific surface area of developed catalysts was measured. X-ray diffraction （XRD） was applied to determine phase and crystallized size of the catalysts. Examination of the morphology. elemental composition and distribution of metal on the catalysts support were carried out using scanning electron microscopy （SEMi and energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS） and x-ray mapping. The catalytic performance of prepared catalysts was test at 700 and 900℃ temperature of reaction. 1.87% O2. The result showed that the synthesized nickel and cobalt catalysts via impregnation method using Al2O3 and TiO2 as the catalyst support were suitable for glycerol conversion.

小分子复合鲜多肽调味料制备及工艺优化

以鸡肉、牛肉、蘑菇、虾皮、面筋干为原料,对其进行定向复合酶解处理、热处理反应、微胶囊包埋和冷冻干燥技术得到鲜多肽调味料,为使其获得最佳产品品质,通过重点研究热处理反应制备鲜多肽调味料的工艺,以感官评定和特征理化指标为检测方法,对鲜多肽调味料主要工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:热处理反应的最佳条件为反应温度110℃、反应时间20 min、底物(葡萄糖1%、木糖1%、甘氨酸1%)。再经过微胶囊包埋和冷冻干燥后得到的鲜多肽调味料中寡肽含量居多,口感鲜而不腻、浓郁醇厚,鲜甜适中,肉香饱满,回味好。