Tropical montane cloud forest is one of the ecosystems with the highest biomass worldwide, representing an important carbon store. Globally its deforestation index is –1.1%, but in Mexico it is higher than –3%. Carb...Tropical montane cloud forest is one of the ecosystems with the highest biomass worldwide, representing an important carbon store. Globally its deforestation index is –1.1%, but in Mexico it is higher than –3%. Carbon estimates are scarce globally, particularly in Mexico. The objective of this study was to simulate future land-cover scenarios for the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, by analyzing past forest cover changes. Another objective was to estimate stored carbon in the two study areas. These objectives involve the generation of information that could be useful inputs to anti-deforestation public policy such as the REDD+ strategy. Remote sensing was used to measure land cover change and estimate carbon stocks. Satellite images from 2015, 2000 and 1986 were used, and Dinamica EGO freeware generatedmodels of future projections. Between 1986 and 2015, 5171 ha of forest were converted to pasture. The annual deforestation rates were –1.5% for Tlanchinol and –1.3% for the San Bartolo Tutotepec sites. Distance to roads and marginalization were highly correlated with deforestation. By 2030, an estimated 3608 ha of forest in these sites will have been converted to pasture. Stored carbon was estimated at 16.35 Mg C ha-1 for the Tlanchinol site and 12.7 Mg C ha-1 for the San Bartolo site. In the Sierra Madre Oriental deforestation due to land cover change(–1.4%) is higher than levels reported worldwide. Besides having high values of stored carbon(14.5 Mg C ha-1), these forests have high biodiversity. The models' outputs show that the deforestation process will continue if action is not taken to avoid the expansion of livestock pasturing. This can be done by paying incentives for forest conservation to the owners of the land. The results suggest that REDD+ is currently the most viable strategy for reducing deforestation rates in tropical montane cloud forests in Sierra Madre Oriental.展开更多
Number of microorganisms of soils of subtropic zones in a vegetable-fodder and vegetable-bean crop rotations compared with permanent cultivation of these cultures has been studied. The results of the analyses have sho...Number of microorganisms of soils of subtropic zones in a vegetable-fodder and vegetable-bean crop rotations compared with permanent cultivation of these cultures has been studied. The results of the analyses have shown that character of change of number of the basic physiological groups of microorganisms （a bacteria, sporeforming bacteria, actinomysetes and microscopic fungies） depends not only on soil-ecological conditions but also on the kind and biological features of cultivated cultures. In soils of subtropical zones the greatest number of organisms using organic nitrogen in food was observed on alluvial meadow-forestry soils and yellowish-gley soils. Gray-brown soils are rich in actinomycetes in comparison with alluvial meadow-forestry soils, but meadow-serozem is rich in spore-forming bacteria forms. A number of microscopic fungi of the studied soils were the least. High intensity of processes of mineralization was marked in meadow-serozem soils, the least in alluvial meadow-forestry and yellowish-gley soils. Under permanent cultures the quantity of microorganisms was less, and factor of mineralization is higher above, than in crop rotation.展开更多
基金support with doctorate fellowship CONACy T(No.266708)Postgraduate Sciences in Biodiversity and Conservation of the Center for Biological Research,UAEH
文摘Tropical montane cloud forest is one of the ecosystems with the highest biomass worldwide, representing an important carbon store. Globally its deforestation index is –1.1%, but in Mexico it is higher than –3%. Carbon estimates are scarce globally, particularly in Mexico. The objective of this study was to simulate future land-cover scenarios for the Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, by analyzing past forest cover changes. Another objective was to estimate stored carbon in the two study areas. These objectives involve the generation of information that could be useful inputs to anti-deforestation public policy such as the REDD+ strategy. Remote sensing was used to measure land cover change and estimate carbon stocks. Satellite images from 2015, 2000 and 1986 were used, and Dinamica EGO freeware generatedmodels of future projections. Between 1986 and 2015, 5171 ha of forest were converted to pasture. The annual deforestation rates were –1.5% for Tlanchinol and –1.3% for the San Bartolo Tutotepec sites. Distance to roads and marginalization were highly correlated with deforestation. By 2030, an estimated 3608 ha of forest in these sites will have been converted to pasture. Stored carbon was estimated at 16.35 Mg C ha-1 for the Tlanchinol site and 12.7 Mg C ha-1 for the San Bartolo site. In the Sierra Madre Oriental deforestation due to land cover change(–1.4%) is higher than levels reported worldwide. Besides having high values of stored carbon(14.5 Mg C ha-1), these forests have high biodiversity. The models' outputs show that the deforestation process will continue if action is not taken to avoid the expansion of livestock pasturing. This can be done by paying incentives for forest conservation to the owners of the land. The results suggest that REDD+ is currently the most viable strategy for reducing deforestation rates in tropical montane cloud forests in Sierra Madre Oriental.
文摘Number of microorganisms of soils of subtropic zones in a vegetable-fodder and vegetable-bean crop rotations compared with permanent cultivation of these cultures has been studied. The results of the analyses have shown that character of change of number of the basic physiological groups of microorganisms （a bacteria, sporeforming bacteria, actinomysetes and microscopic fungies） depends not only on soil-ecological conditions but also on the kind and biological features of cultivated cultures. In soils of subtropical zones the greatest number of organisms using organic nitrogen in food was observed on alluvial meadow-forestry soils and yellowish-gley soils. Gray-brown soils are rich in actinomycetes in comparison with alluvial meadow-forestry soils, but meadow-serozem is rich in spore-forming bacteria forms. A number of microscopic fungi of the studied soils were the least. High intensity of processes of mineralization was marked in meadow-serozem soils, the least in alluvial meadow-forestry and yellowish-gley soils. Under permanent cultures the quantity of microorganisms was less, and factor of mineralization is higher above, than in crop rotation.
