The electrochemical migration（ECM） behavior and mechanism of immersion silver processing circuit board（PCB-ImAg）and hot air solder leveling circuit board（PCB-HASL） under the 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 absorbed thin liquid...The electrochemical migration（ECM） behavior and mechanism of immersion silver processing circuit board（PCB-ImAg）and hot air solder leveling circuit board（PCB-HASL） under the 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 absorbed thin liquid films with different thicknesses were investigated using stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Meanwhile,the corrosion tendency and kinetics rule of metal plates after bias application were analyzed with the aid of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）and scanning Kelvin probe（SKP）.Results showed that under different humidity conditions,the amount of migrating corrosion products of silver for PCB-ImAg was limited,while on PCB-HASL both copper dendrites and precipitates such as sulfate and metal oxides of copper/tin were found under a high humidity condition（exceeding 85%）.SKP results indicated that the cathode plate of two kinds of PCB materials had a higher corrosion tendency after bias application.An ECM model involving multi-metal reactions was proposed and the differences of ECM behaviors for two kinds of PCB materials were compared.展开更多
Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature ...Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature sensor are comprehensively analyzed. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is related to the thicknesses of the upper cladding layer, the waveguide layer, the optical loss of the polymer material and the guided wave modes. The results show that the slope value about reflectivity and temperature, which stands for the sensitivity of the polymer thin film temperature sensor, is associated with the waveguide film thickness and the guided wave modes, and the slope value is the highest in the zero reflectance of a certain transverse electric （TE） mode. To improve the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, the sensor＇s working incident light exterior angle α should be chosen under a certain TE mode with the reflectivity to be zero. This temperature sensor is characterized by high sensitivity and simple structure and it is easily fabricated.展开更多
Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an impinging jet in a cross flow.Several parameters including the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio(X=2%-8%), the Reynolds number(Red=1434-5735)and the...Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an impinging jet in a cross flow.Several parameters including the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio(X=2%-8%), the Reynolds number(Red=1434-5735)and the jet diameter(d=2-4 mm) were explored. The heat transfer enhancement factor was found to increase with the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio and the Reynolds number, but decrease with the jet diameter when other parameters maintain fixed. The presence of a cross flow was observed to degrade the heat transfer performance in respect to the effect of impinging jet to the target surface only. In addition, an impinging jet was confirmed to be capable of enhancing the heat transfer process in considerable amplitude even though the jet was not designed to impinge on the target surface.展开更多
An innovative flat heat pipe radiator was put forward, and it has the features of high efficiency of heat dissipation, compact construction, low thermal resistance, light weight, low cost, and anti-dust-deposition. Th...An innovative flat heat pipe radiator was put forward, and it has the features of high efficiency of heat dissipation, compact construction, low thermal resistance, light weight, low cost, and anti-dust-deposition. The thermal analysis of the flat heat pipe radiator for cooling high-power light emitting diode （LED） array was conducted. The thermal characteristics of the flat heat pipe radiator under the different heat loads and incline angles were investigated experimentally in natural convection. An electro-thermal conversion method was used to measure the junction temperature of the LED chips. It is found that the integral temperature distribution of the flat heat pipe radiator is reasonable and uniform. The total thermal resistance of the flat heat pipe radiator varies in the range of 0.38-0.45 K/W. The junction temperatures of LED chips with the flat heat pipe radiator and with the aluminum board at the same forward current of 0.35 A are 52.5 and 75.2 ℃, respectively.展开更多
The roll contour pattern and variety of work and backup rolls in service and its effect on profile and flatness control performance in 1 700 mm hot strip mill at Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group) Corporation were tested and...The roll contour pattern and variety of work and backup rolls in service and its effect on profile and flatness control performance in 1 700 mm hot strip mill at Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group) Corporation were tested and analyzed by the developed finite element models of different typical roll contours configurations.A rather smooth local work roll contour near strip edges and an increase in rolled length can be obtained by application of long stroke work roll shifting system with conventional work roll contours that is incapable of the crown control.In comparison with the conventional backup and work roll contours configuration,the crown control range by the roll bending force enhances by 12.79% and the roll gap stiffness increases by 25.26% with the developed asymmetry self-compensating work rolls(ASR) and varying contact backup rolls(VCR).A better strip profile and flatness quality,an increase in coil numbers within the rolling campaign and a significant alleviated effect of severe work roll wear contours on performance of edge drop control are achieved by the application of ASR with crown control and wear control ability in downstream stand F5 and VCR in all stands of 1 700 mm hot strip mill.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental study on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. It consisted of total 40 channels with square cross section （2 × 2 mm^2, 165 mm long） machined directly on an aluminum...This paper presents an experimental study on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. It consisted of total 40 channels with square cross section （2 × 2 mm^2, 165 mm long） machined directly on an aluminum plate（180×120×3 nm^2）, which was covered by a transparent plate. The working fluid employed was ethanol. As the results, the influence parameters of thermal performance were investigated, such as filling ratio, heat load and operational orientations etc. Filling ratio was found to be a critical parameter, and its effect was rather complicated. According to its values the PHP plate could have four distinct working zones with different operational characteristics and heat transfer performance. The effect of heat load on thermal performance was found to be positive, and in general, iucrcasing the heat load would improve heat transfer performance. In order to analyze the effect of gravity on thermal performance, three different heat modes and total seven tilt angles were tested and compared. Successful operation at all orientations with respect to gravity was also achieved.展开更多
基金Project(51271032)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The electrochemical migration（ECM） behavior and mechanism of immersion silver processing circuit board（PCB-ImAg）and hot air solder leveling circuit board（PCB-HASL） under the 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 absorbed thin liquid films with different thicknesses were investigated using stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.Meanwhile,the corrosion tendency and kinetics rule of metal plates after bias application were analyzed with the aid of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）and scanning Kelvin probe（SKP）.Results showed that under different humidity conditions,the amount of migrating corrosion products of silver for PCB-ImAg was limited,while on PCB-HASL both copper dendrites and precipitates such as sulfate and metal oxides of copper/tin were found under a high humidity condition（exceeding 85%）.SKP results indicated that the cathode plate of two kinds of PCB materials had a higher corrosion tendency after bias application.An ECM model involving multi-metal reactions was proposed and the differences of ECM behaviors for two kinds of PCB materials were compared.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60977038)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20110092110016)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2011CB302004)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology of Ministry of Education of China(No.201204)
文摘Based on attenuated total reflection （ATR） and thermo-optic effect, the polymeric thin film planar optical waveguide is used as the temperature sensor, and the factors influencing the sensitivity of the temperature sensor are comprehensively analyzed. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, the sensitivity of the temperature sensor is related to the thicknesses of the upper cladding layer, the waveguide layer, the optical loss of the polymer material and the guided wave modes. The results show that the slope value about reflectivity and temperature, which stands for the sensitivity of the polymer thin film temperature sensor, is associated with the waveguide film thickness and the guided wave modes, and the slope value is the highest in the zero reflectance of a certain transverse electric （TE） mode. To improve the sensitivity of the temperature sensor, the sensor＇s working incident light exterior angle α should be chosen under a certain TE mode with the reflectivity to be zero. This temperature sensor is characterized by high sensitivity and simple structure and it is easily fabricated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51106140)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z1110695)
文摘Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer performance of an impinging jet in a cross flow.Several parameters including the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio(X=2%-8%), the Reynolds number(Red=1434-5735)and the jet diameter(d=2-4 mm) were explored. The heat transfer enhancement factor was found to increase with the jet-to-cross-flow mass ratio and the Reynolds number, but decrease with the jet diameter when other parameters maintain fixed. The presence of a cross flow was observed to degrade the heat transfer performance in respect to the effect of impinging jet to the target surface only. In addition, an impinging jet was confirmed to be capable of enhancing the heat transfer process in considerable amplitude even though the jet was not designed to impinge on the target surface.
基金Project(50876016) support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘An innovative flat heat pipe radiator was put forward, and it has the features of high efficiency of heat dissipation, compact construction, low thermal resistance, light weight, low cost, and anti-dust-deposition. The thermal analysis of the flat heat pipe radiator for cooling high-power light emitting diode （LED） array was conducted. The thermal characteristics of the flat heat pipe radiator under the different heat loads and incline angles were investigated experimentally in natural convection. An electro-thermal conversion method was used to measure the junction temperature of the LED chips. It is found that the integral temperature distribution of the flat heat pipe radiator is reasonable and uniform. The total thermal resistance of the flat heat pipe radiator varies in the range of 0.38-0.45 K/W. The junction temperatures of LED chips with the flat heat pipe radiator and with the aluminum board at the same forward current of 0.35 A are 52.5 and 75.2 ℃, respectively.
基金Project(20040311890) supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of University of Science and Technology Beijing
文摘The roll contour pattern and variety of work and backup rolls in service and its effect on profile and flatness control performance in 1 700 mm hot strip mill at Wuhan Iron and Steel(Group) Corporation were tested and analyzed by the developed finite element models of different typical roll contours configurations.A rather smooth local work roll contour near strip edges and an increase in rolled length can be obtained by application of long stroke work roll shifting system with conventional work roll contours that is incapable of the crown control.In comparison with the conventional backup and work roll contours configuration,the crown control range by the roll bending force enhances by 12.79% and the roll gap stiffness increases by 25.26% with the developed asymmetry self-compensating work rolls(ASR) and varying contact backup rolls(VCR).A better strip profile and flatness quality,an increase in coil numbers within the rolling campaign and a significant alleviated effect of severe work roll wear contours on performance of edge drop control are achieved by the application of ASR with crown control and wear control ability in downstream stand F5 and VCR in all stands of 1 700 mm hot strip mill.
基金Supported by the Ger man National Science Foundation (DFG)(No. GR412/33)
文摘This paper presents an experimental study on a flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes. It consisted of total 40 channels with square cross section （2 × 2 mm^2, 165 mm long） machined directly on an aluminum plate（180×120×3 nm^2）, which was covered by a transparent plate. The working fluid employed was ethanol. As the results, the influence parameters of thermal performance were investigated, such as filling ratio, heat load and operational orientations etc. Filling ratio was found to be a critical parameter, and its effect was rather complicated. According to its values the PHP plate could have four distinct working zones with different operational characteristics and heat transfer performance. The effect of heat load on thermal performance was found to be positive, and in general, iucrcasing the heat load would improve heat transfer performance. In order to analyze the effect of gravity on thermal performance, three different heat modes and total seven tilt angles were tested and compared. Successful operation at all orientations with respect to gravity was also achieved.
