基于热弹流模型的柴油机连杆小头轴承润滑研究

以某直列6缸柴油机为研究对象,建立活塞销-连杆-曲柄销柔性多体动力学分析模型。基于热弹性流体动力学(TEHD)润滑和微凸峰接触理论,建立连杆小头轴承的TEHD模型,分析了热负荷影响下轴承间隙和表面粗糙度对润滑性的影响规律。研究结果表明:计及热负荷影响,轴承最大油膜压力增加7.5%,最小油膜厚度降低8.1%,摩擦功耗增加10.1%,粗糙峰接触增加6.0%,轴承产生温升现象,最大温升为20.1℃;轴承间隙增加,轴承最大油膜压力增幅提高50%,最小油膜厚度减幅保持不变;表面粗糙度增加,轴承最大油膜压力增幅提高50%,最小油膜厚度减幅缩小55%。该热弹流模型研究方法为动力机械热负荷条件下摩擦副失效机理分析提供了一种可行的途径,研究结果对摩擦副滑动轴承加工精度制定具有一定的指导作用。

适配器新型基体材料热-粘-超弹本构模型研究

提出了一种描述导弹适配器新型基体材料PU2531在不同温度和不同应变率下的热粘超弹本构模型。利用准静态单轴压缩实验装置和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,获得不同温度不同应变率下的聚氨酯弹性体的压缩应力-应变响应规律;建立了聚氨酯弹性体材料含温度效应项的粘-超弹本构模型,根据实验结果拟合了本构模型中的相关参数;编写了用户子程序VUMAT,单轴压缩实验结果与数值解模型结果吻合度较高,验证了所建立的本构模型及用户子程序的有效性。

考虑温度影响的钢丝绳橡胶输送带粘弹性模型建立及压陷阻力分析

为了研究带式输送机运行过程中,输送带覆盖层与托辊的压陷阻力变化规律,以三元件固体模型为基础,考虑温度对输送带粘弹性能的影响,提出并建立一种考虑温度的三元件四变量热粘弹动力学参数模型。再利用变温动态压缩实验,得到不同温度下的动态加载力与时间的曲线,通过一阶傅里叶级数拟合和推导获得了输送带橡胶覆盖层的热粘弹动力学参数模型公式,并对公式的准确性进行了验证,最后建立了包含温度、带速等参数的输送带压陷阻力系数计算方程,分析了各因素对压陷阻力系数的影响,并通过实验验证了压陷阻力系数计算方程,研究结果为指导带式输送机的节能运行控制提供了依据。

燃油介质作动器往复密封摩擦热效应及磨损特性分析

发动机矢量推力作动器采用燃油作为传动介质,燃油的低黏度将使作动器密封接触面处于不良润滑条件,密封件摩擦磨损问题突出。针对燃油介质作动器不同压力、作动速度及油液温度的工作环境,建立往复密封热弹流混合润滑数值仿真模型,分析往复密封接触面摩擦热效应对油膜行为的影响,确定热分析边界条件,计算密封系统的瞬态温度分布。根据热分析结果,对油液黏度及密封区域内的油膜厚度进行修正,考虑密封件润滑条件探究摩擦热效应对密封性能与磨损特性的作用机理,分析不同工况条件对油膜厚度、摩擦力和磨损深度分布的影响,为设计高性能航空密封件奠定理论基础。

飞秒激光作用下硅材料的热力响应

为描述飞秒激光辐照半导体材料的热力响应过程,扩展了热电子崩力和自恰场两种模型,得到了完全耦合的非线性热弹方程组。在单轴应力条件下,利用有限差分法,计算了500 fs脉冲激光作用下硅膜内载流子温度、晶格温度、热应力和热电子崩力的变化情况,同时考虑了能量密度和薄膜厚度两个因素的影响。数值结果表明:能量密度越高达到热平衡所需的时间就越长;对于比较薄的硅膜,随着激光作用时间的增加,热应力的双峰逐渐增加并由前后表面同时向薄膜的中间移动。

运用光声压电技术测定固体热扩散率

根据简化的热弹理论模型,运用光声压电技术测定团体材料的热扩散率。在优化的实验条件下,实现了对Al_2O_3短纤维增强铝合金基SAE321的复合材料Al_2O_3x/SAE321热扩散率的测量。结果表明,该方法简单快捷,不但能准确地测量均匀固体的热扩散率,而且能有效检测微观不均匀材料的等效热扩散率。

超短脉冲激光对硅膜的热力效应分析

为了研究超短脉冲激光辐照下半导体材料的热力效应,在热电子崩力和自洽场两种模型的基础上,得到了完全耦合的非线性热弹方程组。在单轴应力条件下,采用有限差分法,讨论了不同脉宽的超短脉冲激光辐照下,硅膜内载流子温度、晶格温度、热应力以及热电子崩力随时间及膜深度的变化情况。结果表明,脉冲宽度对硅膜的热力损伤过程起重要作用。能量密度一定时,载流子和晶格达到热平衡所需时间随脉冲宽度的增加而增加;热电子崩力呈现明显的双峰结构,同时脉冲宽度对第二个峰值的影响较大;脉宽越窄,热应力的峰值越大,越容易对材料造成损伤,为激光加工和光电器件的损伤提供了理论参考。

基于热-水-力数值模拟的饱和正常固结黏土热压缩现象

既有饱和正常固结土体加热试验研究表明,温度升高时,土体的体积变化表现为体积收缩,这与热胀冷缩基本通识相违背。针对这一问题,通过热-水-力(THM)完全耦合有限元程序对饱和正常固结黏土的加热试验进行了数值模拟。结果表明,由于黏土的热传导系数及渗透系数都比较低,在升温过程中,试样内部会形成温度差,进而产生超孔隙水压,随着超孔隙水压的消散,最终使土体表现为热压缩现象。当增大土体的渗透系数时,土体内部不产生超孔隙水压,这时土体表现为热膨胀。因此,饱和正常固结土体升温引起的热压缩现象并非土体基本力学特性,而是一个边界值问题。

刚性和弹性支撑可倾瓦推力轴承稳态特性分析

建立刚性球头支撑和弹性橡胶垫支撑可倾瓦推力轴承热弹流耦合模型;在弹性橡胶垫支撑可倾瓦推力轴承橡胶垫的弹性变形分析中采用了变形协调矩阵方法,以协调匹配橡胶垫变形和水膜厚度分布,同时在搜索稳态解的过程中引入模拟退火算法;基于变分原理求解Reynolds方程,得到了轴承水膜压力分布,并比较2种推力轴承在转子存在角不对中时的静特性。结果表明:理想工况下,刚、弹支可倾瓦推力轴承稳态特性没有明显区别;当转子存在不对中时,刚性球头支撑可倾瓦轴承在不同瓦块之间受力偏载严重,进而导致瓦面最小水膜厚度过小,瓦块容易出现磨损,而弹性支撑瓦不同瓦块之间水膜力分布更均匀,利于轴承的长期可靠运行。

高压工况上游泵送机械密封热力变形与密封性能分析

为研究高压工况下上游泵送机械密封的性能,考虑密封环与润滑液膜间的流固热力耦合作用,建立了其热弹流润滑模型,基于有限单元方法求解液膜润滑方程、密封环热传导方程和热力变形方程,采用三重迭代算法实现膜压、膜厚、温度和变形之间的耦合求解,研究了转速、密封压力和介质温度对上游泵送机械密封端面变形的影响规律,分析了热力变形作用下密封的上游泵送能力。研究结果表明,高压工况下密封端面产生了沿上游泵送方向收敛的液膜间隙,高密封压力下的力变形是主要原因,热变形部分抵消了压力变形带来的影响;随转速的增大,液膜沿上游泵送方向的收敛程度减小,上游泵送率增大,摩擦因数增大;随着密封介质压力的增大,液膜收敛程度增大,摩擦因数减小,上游泵送率大幅减小;随密封介质温度的升高,液膜收敛程度减小,摩擦因数减小,上游泵送率有所增加。研究结果可为高压上游泵送机械密封环的结构优化和设计提供理论参考。

基于叉指换能器逆压电效应的激光检测新方法

使用激光在晶体表面激发的声表面波,尝试根据叉指换能器的逆压电效应来探测激光,从而实现声场的变化反演激光照射情况。在讨论激光照射对铌酸锂晶体中声表面波传播特性造成的影响时,建立了点状激光照射的热弹理论模型。首先排除环境温度整体变化的影响,证明了光对声场的影响和照射晶体内部温度梯度的变化有关;然后设计13 MHz为中心频率的叉指换能器,从模拟与实验效果对比来看,由激光激发的声表面波影响了原叉指激发波的频率,13 MHz及周围频率时的声压变化明显,中心频率迁移到15 MHz,声压值波动衰减,从而反演激光的存在;通过理论和实验分析证明了声场检测激光的可行性,可以开拓性地将叉指换能器作为特殊传感器,可用于激光窃听等特殊场合。

2319铝合金电弧增材制造温度场与应力演变研究

构建2319铝合金电弧增材制造热-弹-塑性有限元模型(FEM),计算成形过程瞬态温度场和熔合线附近温度梯度,分析工艺参数对熔池温度场的影响。研究不同工艺参数下熔池温度场分布规律,结果表明,温度梯度随电流的增加和基板移动速度的减小而增加。在温度场计算的基础上,利用热-弹-塑性有限元模型研究电弧增材过程残余应力的演化和分布规律。单道沉积情况下基板上纵向应力为压应力,沉积层内为拉应力,且纵向应力在数值上与等效应力接近,最大应力出现在沉积层中间部分。研究工艺参数对沉积层应力的影响规律,结果表明,提高基板移动速度可以降低沉积层内部的等效应力和纵向应力,而增大电流则会使沉积层内的等效应力和纵向应力增大。结合温度场结果可知,熔池内温度梯度与残余应力的大小呈正相关关系。

Springback prediction of TC4 titanium alloy V-bending under hot stamping condition

In this paper,the springback of TC4 titanium alloy under hot stamping condition was studied by means of experiment and numerical analysis.Firstly,an analytical model was established to predict the V-shaped springback angleΔαunder the stretch-bending conditions.The model took into account of blank holder force,friction,property of the material,thickness of the sheet and the neutral layer shift.Then,the influence of several process parameters on springback was studied by experiment and finite element simulation using a V-shaped stamping tool.In the hot stamping tests,the titanium alloy sheet fractured seriously at room temperature.The titanium alloy has good formability when the initial temperature of the sheet is 750–900°C.However,the springback angle of formed parts is large and decreases with increasing temperature.The springback angleΔαdecreased by 50%from 0.5°to 0.25°,and the angleΔβdecreased by 46.7%from 1.5°to 0.8°when the initial temperature of sheet increased from 750°C to 900°C.The springback angle of titanium alloy sheet increases gradually with the increase of the punch radius,because of the increase of elastic recovery,the complex distribution of stress,the length of forming region and the decreasing degree of stress.Compared with the simulation results,the analytical model can better predict the springback angleΔα.

压力对湿式离合器局部润滑与摩擦特性影响研究

湿式离合器存在因局部润滑工况恶化而加速失效的问题,且目前很少有学者从局部微观角度出发,研究压力对湿式离合器局部润滑与摩擦特性的影响。为此,从局部微观角度出发,对湿式离合器局部润滑与摩擦的压力影响特性进行了仿真分析和试验测试研究。首先,采用平面副热弹流混合润滑模型,求解了微凸峰承载力和流体动压的大小;然后,设计了湿式离合器小试样销盘试验,测试了各压力工况条件下,离合器局部润滑和摩擦特性的变化规律;最后,结合仿真计算和试验测试,研究了压力对局部压强分布及承载比、实际接触面积、局部温升和摩擦系数的影响。研究结果表明:随着平均面压从1.4 MPa升高到4.2 MPa,润滑油膜厚度减小,更多的微凸峰开始接触,实际接触面积率从不足1%快速增大到约4.5%;同时摩擦系数从约0.047快速增大到约0.074,且摩擦系数的增大速度与实际接触面积率的增大速度基本一致。

Fractal model of thermal elasto-plastic contact of rough surfaces

Without considering the influence of heat,existing fractal contact models are not applicable to analyze the contacts when the temperature changes.For this problem,the normal load model and the normal stiffness model of thermal elasto-plastic contact of rough surfaces are developed respectively in this paper.The proposed model is based on the normal contact mechanics model of fractal theory of anisotropic and thermal elasto-plastic contact theory which can be used to characterize the rough surface thermodynamic properties.Then the validity of the model is verified.Finally,the influence of main parameters on the total normal load and the whole normal stiffness of thermal elasto-plastic contact at the interface is analyzed by contact simulation.The results show that the total normal load of thermal elasto-plastic contact increases with the increases of temperature.The whole normal stiffness of thermal elasto-plastic contact increases with increasing coefficient of linear expansion,scale factor,temperature difference or fractal dimension,but decreases with increasing fractal roughness.This model expands basic theory and applications of traditional models,and can be used to calculate and analyze the contacts when the temperature changes.

Existence for the Green-Lindsay Type Therm-elastic Problem of Nonhomogeneous Media

We study a new model named the Green-Lindsay type therm-elastic model for nonhomogeneous media that consists of a system of dynamic thermoelasticity equations of displacement and dynamic heat conduction equation. We construct the model based on the classical GL-model for homogeneous material. This system is coupled dynamic problem and the displacement field and heat field must be solved at the same time. By using Fadeo- Galerkin method, we proved that the problem we proposed exist unique weak solution under some regular assumption.

Analytical Solutions of the Equations One Mechanical Thermal Model of a Helical Spring NiTi for Use in Heat Engine

Shape memory effect is capability of certain materials to recover its original shape after an apparently permanent deformation. The NiTi alloy of the composition is approximately equiatomic and it is the materials that exhibit the best characteristics for application of these properties, especially in the biomedical area, because of their excellent biocompatibility as： in the manufacture of medical and dental instruments, orthodontic wires, orthopedic materials, guide wires, stents, filters and components to realize the less invasive surgeries. In other areas, they are used for confections of electronic keys, spectacle frames, application in controllers, junction of pipes and electronic connectors among others. New research topics involving the application of these alloys super-elasticity are also known as pseudo elasticity. This event has an isothermal nature and involves the storage of potential energy in the shape memory effect and super-elasticity. In this context, this work falls within the scope of use of the technologies being an example of the work undertaken, in the course Graduate of Federal University of Pernambuco in skills in these technologies. It will present the results of a heat engine which engine element is a helical spring made of a NiTi alloy equiatomic with memory effect reversibly. The spring is triggered by a hot source （- 373.15 K） and a cold source （273.15 K）. The machine is capable of producing a reciprocating oscillating between the two sources. Heat equations and the equations that describe the dynamic behavior of the spring were developed. Through the development of dynamic equations, it can determine the minimum mass for the motion of the machine, as well as the instantaneous and average power and overall efficiency. You can check the functionality of the machine by way of the inclination angle of the propeller and the coefficient of static friction. Among the main results, it was observed that the overall performance of the machine compared to the machines of this category showed the feasibility of the project.

弹性元件对大型可倾瓦轴承静动特性的影响

为提高舰船运载机组稳定性,并有效抑制振动,在机组推进轴系中采用了一种可倾瓦轴承支点弹性技术(瓦块支点安装有蝶形弹簧),以某大型燃气轮机为对象,在轴系四瓦可倾瓦轴承瓦块支点处引入蝶形弹簧结构,并采用流固热耦合计算模型和轴承多场分析技术,分析了可倾瓦轴承的温度场、压力场、刚度与阻尼等特性参数,研究了支点弹性技术对大型可倾瓦轴承摩擦学与动力学特性的影响规律。计算结果表明:在3 000r·min^(-1)工作转速下,刚支结构时可倾瓦轴承最大油膜压力为6.5MPa,弹支结构时最大油膜压力为6.7MPa,弹支结构相比刚支结构轴承油膜压力略有上升,此时2种支点结构轴承的温度变化不大,最高温度分别为98.95℃与98.85℃;随着转速的增大,2种支点结构可倾瓦轴承的主刚度均呈下降趋势,而其交叉刚度只在±0.1MN·m^(-1)范围内变化;在3 000r·min^(-1)下,弹支结构轴承主刚度为3.5GN·m^(-1),主阻尼为6MN·s·m^(-1),相比刚支结构轴承主刚度提高了59%,主阻尼提高了39%。可见:可倾瓦轴承采用瓦块支点弹性技术,轴承温度变化不大,最高油膜压力略有增加,轴承主刚度和主阻尼明显提高,这对增加稳定性和抑制振动十分有利。

凝固压下对大方坯中心致密性的影响

为了改善大方坯的中心致密性,研究了连铸凝固压下对铸坯中心缩孔的影响。采用热-弹-塑性模型计算了凝固压下时大方坯中心缩孔的变形规律。结果表明,在铸坯完全凝固后压下可有效提高中心致密性,其效果比相同变形量下的均热轧制提高了22.5%。随着压下量的增大,缩孔尺寸明显减小,但由于凝固压下变形量有限,大尺寸缩孔难以完全消除。为进一步消除缩孔,建议凝固末端轻压下速率提高到0.02 mm/s,或增大凝固后压下量。SA-213 T12大方坯采用凝固压下技术后大部分中心缩孔已被焊合,残留缩孔的最大尺寸由8减小到2 mm,同时缩孔数量降低了50%。

The effect of surface roughness on thermal-elasto-hydrodynamic model of contact mechanical seals

In this paper, the effect of surface roughness on sealing clearance, pressure distribution, friction torque and leakage is studied by the thermal-elasto-hydrodynamic mixed lubrication model. A convergent nominal clearance is formed by the pressure de- formation and thermal deformation of the seal faces. This causes more serious wear in the inner side than that of the outer side of the contact area. Mass leakage increases with the growing of the surface roughness. The temperature and thermal defor- mation on the seal surface increases substantially if the roughness is reduced. The contact mechanical seals have consistent performance when the standard deviation of surface roughness is approximately 0.2 pm. In order to validate the theoretical analysis model, a method combining the measurement of three-dimensioned profile and Raman spectrum is proposed.