热态壁面条件下的液膜冷却实验与仿真

为了获得射流流量和射流角对液膜铺展形态、壁面温度、液膜厚度的影响规律,设计并自主搭建了基于热态壁面条件的液膜冷却实验系统,开展了射流角为25°~45°、射流流量为200~400 mL·min^(-1)的液膜冷却实验研究。研究结果表明,随着入射角的增大,铺展长度减小,铺展宽度、扩张角增加;而在射流角一定时,随着液膜流量的增加,液膜铺展的长度、宽度和扩张角都有所增加。特别地,当射流角为25°、射流流量从300 mL·min^(-1)增加至400 mL·min^(-1)时,液膜长度最大增加量为20.94 mm,且增加射流流量能够有效降低壁面温度,当入射角为35°、液膜流量为300 mL·min^(-1)时,冷却前后壁面温度最大可降低141.81℃;液膜在壁面撞击点处有厚度峰值,且液膜流量越大峰值越高,当入射角为25°、流量为400 mL·min^(-1)时,最大峰值达679.32μm。采用流体体积法(VOF)构建了液膜冷却仿真模型,计算液膜的蒸发吸热、流动铺展过程,研究结果表明,射流流量为300 mL·min^(-1)时,液膜厚度模拟结果与实验结果最大偏差为7.9%,误差控制在工程应用允许的10%范围内,从而验证了VOF方法对射流撞壁形成液膜模拟的可行性。该研究可为液体火箭发动机液膜冷却技术提供一定的参考。

热态下鼓泡浆液反应器的气含率研究

本文在热态条件下,研究了鼓泡浆液反应器的气含率,反应器直径为0.098 m,物系组成为氮气-液体石腊-石英砂。考察了气速、压力、温度、静床高及固体引入等因素对气含率的影响。对于53 μm 粒子的三相浆态体系,气含率与表观气速关系式为ε_G=0.053u_G^(1.2)。

某型涡扇发动机地面台架起动试验研究

为了分析大气环境温度对发动机起动过程的影响,采用三段积分法计算发动机起动特性,开展了不同大气环境温度条件下某型涡扇发动机地面起动试验研究。结果表明:冷态条件下,发动机的起动特性与理论计算结果一致,标准大气温度下发动机起动时间和脱开时间均为最短;热态条件下,发动机起动最快时的大气温度比理论计算温度低2 K左右,起动时间和脱开时间均快于冷态时间(约快2.9 s);热态起动比冷态起动的风扇、压气机转速出现时间早约0.5 s,热态供油压力、排气温度的建立更早;分析认为,热态试验结果比理论计算温度低的原因与大气温度变化引起的燃油粘度、滑油粘度、空气密度等变化及热态发动机焓值的变化有关。该试验研究结果可为地面起动试验提供参考。

Prediction of Structure-H Gas Hydrate Formation Conditions for Reservoir Fluids

In this work, a thermodynamic model is developed for prediction of structure H hydrate formation. The model combines the Peng-Robinson equation of state for the vapor, liquid and aqueous phases with the extended Ng-Robinson hydrate model for gas hydrate formation of all three structures. The parameters of 14 structure- H hydrate formers are determined based on the experimental data of structure-H hydrates in the literature. The expression of fugacity of water in the empty hydrate phase is correlated for calculating structure-H hydrate formation conditions in the absence of free water. The model is tested by predicting hydrate formation conditions of a number of structure-H hydrate forming systems which are in good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed model is also applied to the prediction of hydrate formation conditions for various reservoir fluids such as natural gas and gas condensate.

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Abietic Acid in Static Air

The thermal decomposition of abietic acid in air was investigated under non-isothermal condition using thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis （TGA-DTA） technique with heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 25 K.min-~. The non-isothermal kinetic parameters were obtained via the analysis of the thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric （TG-DTG） curves by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method and Kissinger method. The thermal decomposition mechanism of abietic acid was studied with four integral methods （Satava-Sestak, MacCallum-Tanner, ordinary integral and Agrawal）. The results show that the thermal decomposition mechanism is nu- cleation and growth, and the mechanism function is Avrami-Erofeev equation with n equates 1/2. The activation energy and the pre-exponential factor are 64.04 kJ.mol^-1 and 5.89×10^5 s^-1, respectively.

Simulation of Steady-State and Dynamic Behaviour of a Plate Heat Exchanger

The present paper deals with both the steady-state and dynamic simulation of a plate heat exchanger, in counter-flow arrangement. A CFD （computational fluid dynamics） program FLUENT has been used to predict the temperature distribution in steady-state conditions in plate heat exchanger as well as fluid temperatures at exit of flow channels in transient condition. The results are presented for the heat exchanger, which is simulated according to the configuration of the plate heat exchanger used in the experiment. The simulated results obtained by the CFD model have been compared with the experimental data from the literature, which shows that the CFD model developed in this study is capable of predicting the steady-state and transient performance of the plate heat exchangers satisfactorily.

The improved element-free Galerkin method for three-dimensional transient heat conduction problems

With the improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation, an orthogonal function system with a weight function is used as the basis function. The combination of the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the IMLS approximation leads to the development of the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method. In this paper, the IEFG method is applied to study the partial differential equations that control the heat flow in three-dimensional space. With the IEFG technique, the Galerkin weak form is employed to develop the discretized system equations, and the penalty method is applied to impose the essential boundary conditions. The traditional difference method for two-point boundary value problems is selected for the time discretization. As the transient heat conduction equations and the boundary and initial conditions are time dependent, the scaling parameter, number of nodes and time step length are considered in a convergence study.