Thermally activated pinecone(TAP) was used for the adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS)from aqueous solutions,which was proved to be the main odorous in algae-caused black bloom.The effects of adsorbent dosage,adso...Thermally activated pinecone(TAP) was used for the adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS)from aqueous solutions,which was proved to be the main odorous in algae-caused black bloom.The effects of adsorbent dosage,adsorbate concentration and contact time on DMTS biosorption were studied.The TAP produced at 600℃ exhibited a relatively high surface area(519.69 m^2/g) and excellent adsorption capacity.The results show that the adsorption of DMTS was initially fast and that the equilibrium time was6 h.Higher initial DMTS concentrations led to lower removal percentages but higher adsorption capacity.The removal percentage of DMTS increased and the adsorption capacity of TAP decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage.The adsorption process conforms well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model.The adsorption of DMTS is more appropriately described by the Freundlich isotherm(R^2=0.996 1) than by the Langmuir isotherm(R^2=0.916 9).The results demonstrate that TAP could be an attractive low-cost adsorbent for removing DMTS from water.展开更多
A novel photothermal drive method was proposed. A novel photothermal micro-actuator （PTA） was developed with this method. We introduced the deflection mechanism of the asymmetric expansive arms with different widths...A novel photothermal drive method was proposed. A novel photothermal micro-actuator （PTA） was developed with this method. We introduced the deflection mechanism of the asymmetric expansive arms with different widths. When a beam of infrared laser irradiates the arms, the different increase temperature and photothermal expansion controlled by the different rates of specific surface area cause a magnified lateral deflection. A prototyping micro-actuator of 1000 μm length was manufactured by using anexcimer laser micromachining system, and using polypropylene material. Experiments have been carded out to check the feasibility of deflection, with a laser diode （650 nm） as the external power source to activate the micro-actuator. The results show that the actuator can practically generate an obvious lateral deflection without considering the size or the location of the irradiated light spot strictly. The deflection status of the micro-actuator could be controlled remotely from 0 μm to 14.33 μm by changing the laser power from 0 mW to 10 mW. This kind of novel PTA is quite simple and convenient for operation. It will be quite useful for the applications in the fields of micro/nano-technology and with large displacement/actuation force and remote controlling.展开更多
The Torgiovannetto quarry(Assisi municipality,central Italy) is an example of a site where the natural equilibrium was altered by human activity,causing current slope instability phenomena which threaten two roadways ...The Torgiovannetto quarry(Assisi municipality,central Italy) is an example of a site where the natural equilibrium was altered by human activity,causing current slope instability phenomena which threaten two roadways important for the local transportation.The quarry front,having a height of about 140 m,is affected by a 182,000 m3 rockslide developed in intensely fractured limestone and is too large to be stabilized.In 2003 some tension cracks were detected in the vegetated area above the quarry upper sector.From then on,several monitoring campaigns were carried out by means of different instrumentations(topographic total station,extensometers,inclinometers,ground-based interferometric radar,laser scanner and infrared thermal camera),allowing researchers to accurately define the landslide area and volume.The latter's major displacements are localized in the eastern sector.The deformational field appears to be related to the seasonal rainfall.The landslide hazard associated with the worst case scenario was evaluated in terms of magnitude,intensity and triggering mechanism.For the definition of the possible runout process the DAN 3D code was employed.The simulation results were used in order to design and construct a retaining embankment.Furthermore,in order to preserve both the safety of the personnelinvolved in its realization and of the roadways users,an early warning system was implemented.The early warning system is based on daily-averaged displacement velocity thresholds.The alarm level is reached if the prediction based on the methods of Saito(1969) and Fukuzono(1985) forecasts an imminent rupture.展开更多
基金Supported by the Taihu Special Project of Water Pollution Control,Jiangsu Province(No.TH2013214)the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Project(No.2012ZX07103-005)+1 种基金the Industry-Academia Cooperation Innovation Fund Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2011165)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,CAS(No.2014SKL005)
文摘Thermally activated pinecone(TAP) was used for the adsorption of dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS)from aqueous solutions,which was proved to be the main odorous in algae-caused black bloom.The effects of adsorbent dosage,adsorbate concentration and contact time on DMTS biosorption were studied.The TAP produced at 600℃ exhibited a relatively high surface area(519.69 m^2/g) and excellent adsorption capacity.The results show that the adsorption of DMTS was initially fast and that the equilibrium time was6 h.Higher initial DMTS concentrations led to lower removal percentages but higher adsorption capacity.The removal percentage of DMTS increased and the adsorption capacity of TAP decreased with an increase in adsorbent dosage.The adsorption process conforms well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model.The adsorption of DMTS is more appropriately described by the Freundlich isotherm(R^2=0.996 1) than by the Langmuir isotherm(R^2=0.916 9).The results demonstrate that TAP could be an attractive low-cost adsorbent for removing DMTS from water.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2006AA04Z237)
文摘A novel photothermal drive method was proposed. A novel photothermal micro-actuator （PTA） was developed with this method. We introduced the deflection mechanism of the asymmetric expansive arms with different widths. When a beam of infrared laser irradiates the arms, the different increase temperature and photothermal expansion controlled by the different rates of specific surface area cause a magnified lateral deflection. A prototyping micro-actuator of 1000 μm length was manufactured by using anexcimer laser micromachining system, and using polypropylene material. Experiments have been carded out to check the feasibility of deflection, with a laser diode （650 nm） as the external power source to activate the micro-actuator. The results show that the actuator can practically generate an obvious lateral deflection without considering the size or the location of the irradiated light spot strictly. The deflection status of the micro-actuator could be controlled remotely from 0 μm to 14.33 μm by changing the laser power from 0 mW to 10 mW. This kind of novel PTA is quite simple and convenient for operation. It will be quite useful for the applications in the fields of micro/nano-technology and with large displacement/actuation force and remote controlling.
基金the National Department of Civil Protection, the Perugia Province and the Umbria Region for funding the work behind this research
文摘The Torgiovannetto quarry(Assisi municipality,central Italy) is an example of a site where the natural equilibrium was altered by human activity,causing current slope instability phenomena which threaten two roadways important for the local transportation.The quarry front,having a height of about 140 m,is affected by a 182,000 m3 rockslide developed in intensely fractured limestone and is too large to be stabilized.In 2003 some tension cracks were detected in the vegetated area above the quarry upper sector.From then on,several monitoring campaigns were carried out by means of different instrumentations(topographic total station,extensometers,inclinometers,ground-based interferometric radar,laser scanner and infrared thermal camera),allowing researchers to accurately define the landslide area and volume.The latter's major displacements are localized in the eastern sector.The deformational field appears to be related to the seasonal rainfall.The landslide hazard associated with the worst case scenario was evaluated in terms of magnitude,intensity and triggering mechanism.For the definition of the possible runout process the DAN 3D code was employed.The simulation results were used in order to design and construct a retaining embankment.Furthermore,in order to preserve both the safety of the personnelinvolved in its realization and of the roadways users,an early warning system was implemented.The early warning system is based on daily-averaged displacement velocity thresholds.The alarm level is reached if the prediction based on the methods of Saito(1969) and Fukuzono(1985) forecasts an imminent rupture.
