原位红外研究SBS接枝前后的热氧化过程

采用原位红外对比研究了热塑性弹性体苯乙烯 -丁二烯 -苯乙烯 (SBS)、马来酸酐接枝 SBS(SBS- g-MAH)、聚丁二烯 (PB)和聚苯乙烯 (PS)的热氧化过程。研究表明 ,接枝产物对双键的保护作用使得 SBS-g- MAH的抗热氧化性比纯 SBS明显提高 ,热氧化速率变慢 ;SBS中 PB段的双键和烯丙位同时氧化 ;PB的热氧老化机理和 SBS一样 ,但 PB的起始热氧化温度比 SBS低 ,热氧化速率比 SBS快 ,说明苯乙烯段有抑制氧气向丁二烯段扩散的作用 ;SBS中 PS段未氧化。研究结果表明材料抗热氧化性能的顺序为 :PS>SBS- g- MAH>SBS>

铅粉的性质及热氧化过程对电池性能的影响

讨论了蓄电池用铅粉的晶体形态和特性，论述了在不同温度区间内采用球磨法或巴顿制粉法形成不同晶形氧化铅的热氧化过程。还讨论了铅粉的晶体结构、粒径大小及掺杂作用对铅蓄电池容量特性和电池寿命的影响。

用XANES光谱监测SBR硫黄交联键热氧化过程的可行性研究

前言硫黄交联橡胶的热氧化是一个复杂的过程,虽然人们已对此作过大量研究,但是其机理仍没有完全弄清楚。大多数研究都反映了各种橡胶配合剂(如聚合物基体、填料、抗氧剂和初始硫黄网络)的氧化过程是相互影响的。

微米锆粉的热氧化过程研究

为探究微米锆粉的热氧化过程,进行锆粉氧化反应动力学分析,通过激光粒度分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法对所研究锆粉颗粒的粒径分布、微观形貌、元素含量以及物相特征进行了研究。通过热重分析法(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)开展了不同升温速率的氧化过程研究,得到不同升温速率下锆粉氧化的DSC-TG曲线,进一步分析得到锆粉热氧化的动力学参数以及反应模型。结果表明,锆粉样品的粒径主要分布在15~46μm,颗粒形状不规则,且主要包含Zr元素,锆粉颗粒主要物相为金属Zr;锆粉氧化过程可以分为初始氧化,加速氧化、剧烈氧化和反应平衡四个阶段;锆粉的非等温氧化过程符合随机成核和随后生长模型函数,其积分表达式为G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]52。因此微米锆粉热氧化反应动力学的活化能Ea为175.83 kJ·mol^-1,指前因子A=1.91×10^8 s^-1,反应速率常数k=1.91×10^8 exp(-2.1×10^4/T)。

Morphology and Growth Process of Bat-like ZnO Crystals by Thermal Evaporation

A novel bat-like ZnO nanostructure was synthesized on the silicon substrate by simple ther- mal evaporation of zinc powders without any catalyst. Each bat-like nanorod （＂nanobat＂） is composed of a hexagonal head, a continuous neck and a thin handle. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction results reveal the single-crystalline feature and the growing direction along [0001] of the nanobat. The vapor- solid mechanism was found suitable to explain the growth process of the nanobat and a schematic model was proposed in detail based on the experimental results.

Thermodynamics of chromite ore oxidative roasting process

To explicate the thermodynamics of the chromite ore lime-free roasting process, the thermodynamics of reactions involved in this process was calculated and the phrases of sinter with different roasting times were studied. The thermodynamics calculation shows that all the standard Gibbs free energy changes of the reactions to form Na2CrO4, Na2O-Fe2O3, Na2O·Al2O3 and Na2O3 SiO2 via chromite ore and Na2CO3 are negative, and the standard Gibbs free energy changes of the reactions between MgO, Fe2O3 and SiO2 released from chromite spinel to form MgO-Fe2O3 and MgO·SiO2 are also negative at the oxidative roasting temperatures （1 173 1 473 K）. The phrase analysis of the sinter in lime-free roasting process shows that Na2O·Fe2O3, Na2O·Al2O3 and Na2O·SiO2 can be formed in the first 20 min, but they decrease in contents and finally disappear with the increase of roasting time. The final phase compositions of the sinter are Na2CrO4, MgO·Fe2O3, MgO·SiO2 and MgO. The results indicate that Na2CrO4 can be formed easily via the reaction ofNa2CO3 with chromite ore. Na2O·Fe2O3, Na2O-Al2O3 and Na2O·SiO2 can be formed as intermediate compounds in the roasting process and they can further react with chromite ore to form Na2CrO4. MgO released from chromite ore may react with iron oxides and silicon oxide to form stable compounds of MgO·Fe2O3 and MgO·SiO2, respectively.

Investigation into the surface active groups of coal

The oxidation heat of coal is the direct reason leading to coal spontaneous combustion. When coal is exposed in oxygen atmosphere, the physical adsorption and chemisorption happened, and then which resulting chemical reaction followed heat between coal and oxygen. Owing to the complexity and uncertain of molecular structure of coal,it was only reduced that bridge bonds, side chains and O 2 containing functional groups in coal may be prone to oxidation in last year, but not to deeply investigate into the structures and the type of the active radicals. In this paper, according to the last achievements in coal structure research, the hypomethylether bond, hypoalkyl bond of α carbon atom with hydroxyl and α carbon atom with hypomethy side chain and hypomethyl bonds linking up two aromatic hydrocarbon in bridge bonds, and methoxy,aldehyde and alkyls of α carbon atom with hydroxy in side bonds are inferred to be free radical easily to lead to oxidize coal under the ambient temperature and pressure. The order from strong to weak of oxide activation of the seven surface active groups is aldehyde side chains, hypomethylether bonds, hypoalkyl bonds of α carbon atom with hydroxyl, hypoalkyl bonds of α carbon atom with hypomethyl, hypomethyl bonds linking up two aromatic hydrocarbon,methoxy, alkyls side chains of α carbon atom with hydroxyl. Because of the two unsaturated molecular tracks of O 2, unpaired electron clouds of the part of surface active groups of coal enter molecular tracks of O 2 to lead to chemisorb on the conjugate effect and induced effect of surface active groups, and then chemical reaction followed heat happens in them. On the basis of change of bond energy, weighted average method is adopted to count the reaction heat value of each mol CO,CO 2 and H 2O. The property of coal spontaneous combustion is different for the different number and oxidability of the active structure in the coal resulting in the different oxidation heat.

Effects of pyrite on the spontaneous combustion of coal

Abstract Pyrite has a significant effect on the spontaneous combustion of coal. The presence of pyrite can change the propensity of coal towards spontaneous combustion. The influences of various pyrite contents on the parameters of spontaneous combustion, such as index gases, temperature and released heat etc., were investigated in this study, Coal samples with different pyrite contents （0 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % and 9 %） were made by mixing coal and pyrite. The oxidation experiments under temperature-programmed condition were carried out to test the release rate of gaseous oxidation products at different temperatures. Differential scanning calorimeter （DSC） was employed to measure the intensity of heat release during coal oxidation for various pyrite contents. The results indicate that pyrite can nonlinearly accelerate the process of spontaneous combustion. The coal sample with a pyrite content of 5 % has the largest CO release rate and oxygen adsorption as well. However, the coal sample with a pyrite content of ？ % has the largest rate of heat flow according to the results from the DSC tests. Pyrite contents of 5 %-7 % in coal has the most significant effects on spontaneous combustion within the range of this study. The conclusions are conducive to the evaluation and control for the spontaneous combustion of coal.

Thermal catalysis under dark ambient conditions in environmental remediation:Fundamental principles, development, and challenges

Thermal catalytic degradation of organic pollutants conducted in the dark at room temperature under atmospheric pressure without the need of external chemicals and energy sources has attracted a lot of attention over the last two decades. It provides unparalleled advantages over other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in treating domestic and industrial contaminated wastewater from the viewpoint of energy/chemical conservation and ease of operation. Rich knowledge has been accumulated in terms of the synthesis and application of thermal catalysts though controversies remain regarding their underlying mechanisms. This review sheds light on the proposed thermo- catalysis mechanism for the first time and presents the development of thermal catalysts under dark ambient conditions with a focus on catalyst materials, catalytic activity, and mechanism. The present review aims to provide mechanistic insights into the rational design of novel and efficient catalysts, and their underlying mechanisms as well as the emerging challenges and perspectives in thermo-catalysis under dark ambient conditions used for the practical and efficient treatment of contaminated wastewater.

Synthesis, characterization of monodispersed MgO microspheres and thermal decomposition kinetics of its precusor

Monodispersed MgO microspheres were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method using PEG-400 as solvent. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results reveal that the precusor was monoclinic Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O and composed of nanosheets with the thickness of about 250 nm. By calcining the precusor at 500 °C for 5 min, cubic MgO with similar morphology was obtained. According to the SEM images, it is found that the volume ratio of PEG-400 to deionized water is considered as a crucial factor in the evolution of the morphology. Based on the SEM images obtained under different experimental conditions, a possible growth mechanism which involves self-assembly process was proposed. The thermal decomposition process of MgO precusor was studied by thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry(TG-DTG) at different heating rates in air. Thermal analysis kinetics results show that the most probale mechanism models of MgO precusor are An and D3, respectively. In addition, isothermal prediction was studied to quantitatively characterize the thermal decomposition process.

Reaction heat-driven CO2 desorption during CO oxidation on Au(997) at low temperatures

Adsorption and reaction of CO and CO2 were studied on oxygen-covered Au（997） surfaces by means of temperature- programmed desorption/reaction spectroscopy. Oxygen atoms （O（a）） on Au（997） enhances the CO2 adsorption and stabilizes the adsorbed COe（a）, and the stabilization effect also depends on the CO2（a） coverage and involved Au sites. CO2（a） desorp- tion is the rate-limiting step for the CO＋O（a） reaction to produce CO2 on Au（997） at 105 K and exhibits complex behaviors, including the desorption of CO2（a） upon CO exposures at 105 K and the desorption of O（a）-stabilized CO2（a） at elevated temperatures. The desorption of CO2（a） from the surface upon CO exposures at 105 K to produce gaseous CO2 depends on the surface reaction extent and involves the reaction heat-driven CO2（a） desorption channel. CO＋O（a） reaction proceeds more easily with weakly-bound oxygen adatoms at the （111） terraces than strongly-bound oxygen adatoms at the （111） steps. These re- sults reveal complex rate-limiting COe（a） desorption behaviors during CO＋O（a） reaction on Au surfaces at low temperatures which provide novel information on the fundamental understanding of Au catalysis.

Decorating multiwalled carbon nanotubes with zinc oxide nano-crystallines through hydrothermal growth process

Multiwalled-carbon nanotubes coated with nano-crystalline zinc oxide （ZnO） was prepared by in situ growth of nano zinc oxide on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes through hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was observed that a layer of nano-crystalline ZnO with the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure was uniformly coated on the nanotube surfaces with good adhesion, which resulted in the formation of a novel ZnO-nanotuhe nano composite. In this work, the carbon nanotubes decorated by metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple chemical-solution route which is suitable for the large-scale production with low cost.