热氨水清扫电捕焦油器的应用实践

电捕焦油器在焦化运行中起着净化煤气中焦油等杂质的作用。实际生产中经常出现电捕焦油器电晕极和沉淀极会附着沉淀焦油、萘等杂质,造成电捕阻力大、运行参数波动时,通常采用蒸汽进行清扫不但工作量大、清扫时间长、清扫效果差,而且还容易发生危险。该文阐述了针对蒸汽清扫电捕焦油器的缺点和产生的问题,采用一种节能减损、简单易操作、效果明显、安全环保的氨水代替蒸汽清扫方法。该方法具有工作量小、环保无污染、能耗低、耗时短、效果佳、安全稳定等诸多优点。

横管初冷器的热氨水法清扫

热氨水法清扫横管初冷器，不仅能彻底清除其中的油垢，提高初冷器的换热效率和洗萘效果，而且清扫时间短，操作简便，经济，无污染，社会效益可观。

基于槽式太阳能集热器的氨水第一类吸收式热泵供暖方式探讨

介绍了德州某工程太阳能采暖系统的应用情况,该系统是基于槽式太阳能集热器的氨水第一类吸收式热泵系统,并对其应用效果、热泵机组的性能、热泵系统的性能进行了测试,依据测试结果对节能性、经济性进行了分析评价,供其他太阳能采暖项目参考。

燃气清洁供热能耗减少技术路径探讨

提升燃气大规模清洁供热时燃气供热的能效,不仅体现了节能减排,而且节约了运行成本,具有较好的社会与经济效益。以北京某锅炉房为例,以当地天然气价为标准,分析了燃气溴化锂/氨水吸收式热泵吸收式和水蒸气泵(PAVE)系统的运行效果和适用性。结果显示,燃气溴化锂吸收式热泵装机按锅炉负荷的60%设计时的经济性较好,但对于总容量≤28 MW的燃气锅炉房不推荐燃气溴化锂吸收式热泵。为提高项目经济性,中小型燃气锅炉房推荐使用燃气锅炉+小型燃气氨水吸收式热泵/PAVE系统联合运营的方式。在实际工程中,需要根据燃气锅炉房的规模选用不同的技术路线,同时要结合当地气候条件及燃气价格确定热泵的合理装机,保证项目经济性。方案还指出了小型燃气氨水吸收式热泵/PAVE系统的优化路径。

超级电容器用高性能石油焦基多孔炭的制备及改性（英文）

以石油炼制副产品石油焦为原料,采用KOH活化法制备高比面积多孔炭,通过氨水水热处理对多孔炭进行表面渗氮改性。系统考察了KOH/石油焦比例(碱/炭比)对多孔炭孔结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明多孔炭的比表面积、孔结构和电化学性能可以通过碱/炭比有效地调控。随着碱/炭比的增大,多孔炭的孔道逐渐增大,当碱炭比为3∶1时最大比表面积达到2 964 m^2·g^(-1)。当碱/炭比为5∶1时,多孔炭的比表面积和中孔率分别高达2 842 m^2·g^(-1)和67.0%,其在50 m A·g^(-1)电流密度下的比电容达到350 F·g^(-1)。氨水水热处理多孔炭,可以有效地在多孔炭表面引入氮原子,从而提高了多孔炭电极的电化学性能,尤其提高其在高电流密度下的比电容值。KOH活化以及氨水水热处理为制备高性能低成本石油焦基超级电容器电极材料提供了一种简单有效的方法。

Arginine functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and its bioactivity for gene delivery

In order to further improve the transfection efficiency of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle （HAp）, arginine functionalized hydroxyapatite （HAp/Arg） was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis. The morphology, crystallite size and zeta potential of the HAp/Arg were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, atomic force microscopy （AFM） and zeta potential analyzer. The loading and protecting properties of HAp/Arg to DNA were tested by electrophoresis. Its cytotoxicity was also measured in Hela cells and HAEC cells by MTT and LDH, and its transfection efficiency was examined by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry. The results reveal that HAp/Arg is short rod-like and nano single crystal, the mean diameter is 50-90 nm and zeta potential is 35.8 mV at pH 7.4. HAp/Arg to DNA can be condensed by electrostatic effect and protect DNA against degradation in DNase I, and shows high transfection efficiency without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that HAp/Arg can be a promising alternative as a novel gene delivery system.

焦炉煤气管道沉积物的在线清洗

分析了焦炉煤气管道沉积物的成因与组成,采用化学药剂溶解和高温氨水清洗相结合的方法进行在线清理后,煤气管道内的沉积物得到有效清除,初冷器后至风机前煤气管道阻力由3 000Pa降至800Pa以下,焦炉装煤冒烟情况得以改善,风机后煤气焦油尘恢复正常,清洗过程安全无隐患。

鼓冷负压系统的优化

针对鼓冷负压区阻力高、初冷器蒸汽清扫带来环境差的问题,介绍了相关工艺的改进措施及生产操作的调整:采用从焦油氨水分离槽配油,清通喷淋管改善喷洒效果,适当增加冷凝液的温度,提高初冷器洗萘效果;定期用热氨水清洗降低桥管阻力;初冷器用热氨水清扫取代蒸汽清扫等方法,既节约了成本,又改善了现场环境。

Design of Heat Pipe Type Adsorption Ice Maker for Fishing Boats

A heat pipe type adsorption ice maker with two adsorbers for fishing boats is designed by using ammonia as refrigerant and compound of activated carbon-CaCl2 as adsorbent. This type of heat pipe adsorber can solve the problem of incompatibility between ammonia, copper, seawater and steel. The working process of the ice maker with 8.7kg adsorbent per bed is simulated. The results show that the optimal semi-cycle time is about 9 min at the evaporating temperature of -15℃, where the corresponding cooling power, specific cooling power per kilogram adsorbent SCP and coefficient of refrigerant performance COP are respectively 3.6kW, 217W·kg-1 and 0.404.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Exfoliative LDH in the Presence of Glycine

Exfoliative Mg/Al layered double hydroxide （Mg/Al-LDHGly） was obtained via hydrothermal synthesis in the presence of glyeine. The product prepared by hydrothermal reaction for 10 h at 120℃possesses high thermal stability and maximal erystallite size in a, c directions. TEM and SEM analyses show that Mg/Al-LDHGly was of well-crystallized hexagonal product with stacks of slightly curved layers. Benefiting from mechanism investigation on its gradual delamination in formamide, rapid delamination of Mg/Al-LDHGly at room temperature was realized, which provided fundamental for preparation of （Mg/Al-LDHGly）/polymer nanoeomposites by using exfoliation-adsorption method.

Growth of Cu/SSZ-13 on SiC for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3

Silicon carbide(SiC)was used as a support for SSZ‐13zeolite in an attempt to improve the high‐temperature stability and activity of Cu/SSZ‐13in the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH3.SSZ‐13was grown via a hydrothermal method using the silicon and silica contained in SiC as the source of silicon,which led to the formation of a chemically bonded SSZ‐13layer on SiC.Characterization using X‐ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and N2adsorption‐desorption isotherms revealed that the alkali content strongly affected the purity of zeolite and the crystallization time affected the coverage and crystallinity of the zeolite layer.Upon ion exchange,the resulting Cu/SSZ‐13@SiC catalyst exhibited enhanced activity in NH3‐SCR in the high‐temperature region compared with the unsupported Cu/SSZ‐13.Thus,the application temperature was extended with the use of SiC as the support.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Influence factors on thermal conductivity of ammonia-water nanofluids

In order to investigate the mechanism of nanoparticles enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the ammonia-water absorption process,several types of binary nanofluids were prepared by mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with polyacrylic acid(PAA),TiO2 with polyethylene glycol(PEG 1000),and TiN,SiC,hydroxyapatite(noodle-like) with PEG 10000 to ammonia-water solution,respectively.The thermal conductivities were measured by using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer.The influences of surfactant and ammonia on the dispersion stabilities of the binary nanofluids were investigated by the light absorbency ratio index methods.The results show that the type,content and size of nanoparticles,the temperature as well as the dispersion stability are the key parameters that affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.For the given nanoparticle material and the base fluid,the thermal conductivity ratio of the nanofluid to the ammonia-water liquid increases as the nanoparticle content and the temperature are increased,and the diameter of nanoparticle is decreased.Furthermore,the thermal conductivity ratio increases significantly by improving the stabilities of nanofluids,which is achieved by adding surfactants or performing the proper ammonia content in the fluid.

CoFe_2O_4/CdS nanocomposite:Preparation,characterisation,and application in sonocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants

A magnetic CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite was prepared via one-step hydrothermal decomposition of cadmium diethanoldithiocarbamate complex on the surface of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles at a low temperature of 200 ℃.The nanocomposite was characterised by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）,UV-visible spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,N2 gas sorption analysis,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）,and vibrating sample magnetometry.The FT-IR,XRD,EDX and XPS results confirmed the formation of the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite.Based on the TEM analysis,the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite constituted nearly uniform,sphere-like nanoparticles of ～20 nm in size.The optical absorption spectrum of the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite displayed a band gap of 2.21 e V,which made it a suitable candidate for application in sono/photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.Accordingly,the sonocatalytic activity of the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite was evaluated towards the H2O2-assisted degradation of methylene blue,rhodamine B,and methyl orange under ultrasonic irradiation.The nanocomposite displayed excellent sonocatalytic activity towards the degradation of all dyes examined—the dyes were completely decomposed within 5–9 min.Furthermore,a comparison study revealed that the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite is a more efficient sonocatalyst than pure Cd S;thus,adopting the nanocomposite approach is an excellent means to improve the sonoactivity of Cd S.Moreover,the magnetic properties displayed by the CoFe2O4/Cd S nanocomposite allow easy retrieval of the catalyst from the reaction mixture for subsequent uses.

Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B （PTP1B） Activity by the Aqueous Partition of Guava Leaf Extract

Guava leaf tea has been used as a folk medicine for treating hyperglycemic conditions in Asia and Africa. The hypoglycemic efficacy of guava leaf has been documented by many scientists in these regions, but the hypoglycemic mechanism is poorly understood. Guava leaves were extracted with methanol and the crude extract was partitioned against hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol in sequence. The leftover in water is defined as the aqueous partition. A second smaller batch was extracted with hot water directly. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on healthy mice instead of diabetic mice that lack endogenous insulin. Glucose uptake was examined with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oxidative effect on PTP1B （protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b） was carried out with real-time PTP1B enzymatic assay. The aqueous partition of guava leaf extract possesses a potent inhibitory effect on PTP1B enzymatic activity and this PTP1B inhibition is through a slow oxidative but reversible inactivation on the enzyme. The reversible inactivation would suggest guava leaf extract may augment PTP1B inhibition alongside the endogenous H2O2 which itself is induced by insulin. In addition, our study confirmed the hypoglycemic efficacy being associated with guava leaf and found the most effective molecules reside in the aqueous partition which is also less cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells when compared to other less polar partitions. The guava leaf extract can modulate insulin activity through a redox regulation on PP1B enzymatic activity. It is speculated that a compound similar to gallocatechin in the aqueous partition can reduce an oxygen molecule to hydrogen peroxide which in turn oxidizes the catalytic residue Cys in PTP1B. Therefore, the guava leaf tea can serve as a functional hypoglycemic drink that is suitable for either healthy or diabetic subjects.

Characteristic of Local Boiling Heat Transfer of Ammonia and Ammonia/Water Binary Mixture on the Plate Type Evaporator

Power generation using small temperature difference such as ocean thermal energy conversion(OTEC)and discharged thermal energy conversion(DTEC)is expected to be the countermeasures against global warming problem.As ammonia and ammonia/water are used in evaporators for OTEC and DTEC as working fluids,the research of their local boiling heat transfer is important for improvement of the power generation efficiency.Measurements of local boiling heat transfer coefficients were performed for ammonia/water mixture(z=0.9-1)on a vertical flat plate heat exchanger in a range of mass flux(7.5-15 kg/m2s),heat flux(15-23 kW/m 2),and pressure(0.7-0.9 MPa).The result shows that in the case of ammonia/water mixture,the local heat transfer coefficients increase with an increase of mass flux and composition of ammonia,and decrease with an increase of heat flux.