青岛花岗岩类复式岩基的古化石热水体系研究

对青岛花岗岩类复式岩基的氧同位素研究表明，各个岩体的氧同位素组成明显受水岩相互作用的影响。根据样品采集位置和氧同位素分析结果，可以恢复其中六个古化石热水体系，它们包括两种类型：内高外低型和内低外高型，其形成可能与当时大气降水的循环方式密切相关。近似模拟计算表明，发生水岩作用的温度多在２５０－４００℃之间，水岩比的变化较大（０．０８％－０．３％）。研究还发现，曾发生过强烈去气作用的岩体与未经去气（或去气较弱）的岩体相比，其氢氧同位素体系受水岩作用影响结果不一样，使用δ１８Ｏ－δＤ图可以对它们进行有效的鉴别。

晶洞花岗岩(A型)——热水体系中的同位素研究

中国科学院地球化学所广州分部桂训唐、于津生等人联合承担的国家基金资助项目《晶洞花岗岩(A型)——热水体系中的同位素研究》已按计划圆满完成任务,编写的《晶洞碱性花岗岩(A型)古化石热水体系同位素组成特征》近5万字的成果专题报告,同行专家给予了高度评价,认为:“报告资料丰富,论证有据,观点明确,为中国东部中生代碱性花岗岩同位素地球化学研究作出了贡献,是国内第一部系统研究碱性花岗岩H、O、Sr、Nd。

黑龙江碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩δ^(18)O等值线与古化石热水体系研究

本文分析了碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩体41个全岩、24个单矿物及当地大气降水的H,O同位素组成,所得结果说明该岩体明显经历过大气降水-岩石相互作用。将全岩样品的δ^(18)O值全部投在地质图上,可画出δ^(18)O内高外低的等值线。计算的水/岩比(W/R)构成形状一致但呈内低外高现象的等值线图,这一现象可能具有普遍意义。

浙江中生代地热水成矿体系的铅同位素地球化学

本文根据浙江主要金、银、铅锌(含银)矿床及有关岩石的140个样品的铅同位素分析数据,结合区域地质背景及矿床地质、地球化学等资料,将其划分为三个成矿系列,并讨论了物质来源和成因机制。铅锌银系列(Ⅰ)主要分布在余姚—丽水断裂带东南侧的镇海—温州拗陷带。

Influence on lacustrine source rock by hydrothermal fluid： a case study of the Chang 7 oil shale, southern Ordos Basin

Hydrothermal fluid activity during sedimenta- tion of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin and the impact of said activity on formation and preservation conditions of source rocks have received little attention. Oil yield, major element, trace element, rare earth element, and total sulfur （TS） data from the oil shale within the Yanchang are here presented and discussed in the context of hydrothermal influence. Oil shale samples returned relatively high total organic carbon （TOC）, in the range of 4.69%-25.48%. A high correlation between TS and TOC suggests TS in the oil shale is dominated by organic sulfur and affected by organic matter. The low Al/ Si ratio of oil shale samples implies quartz is a major mineralogical component. Si/（Si ＋ Al ＋ Fe） values suggest close proximity of the oil shale to a terrigenous source. δEu; Fe versus Mn versus （Cu ＋ Co ＋ Ni）× 10; and SiO2/（K2O ＋ Na2O） versus MnO/TiO2, Fe/Ti, and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti are evidence of hydrothermal fluid activity during oil shale sedimentation, and δU and U/Th of the oil shale indicate reducing conditions. The Sr/Ba of oil shale samples suggests fresh-water deposition. The high correlations of Fe/Ti and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti with δU, U/Th, and TS demonstrate that hydrothermal fluid activity promotes reducing conditions. Sr/Ba ratios had low correlation with Fe/Ti and （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti, implying that hydrothermal fluid activity had little impact （Fe ＋ Mn）/Ti, δU, U/Th, and on paleosalinity. Fe/Ti, Cu ＋ Pb ＋ Zn all exhibited high positive correlation coefficients with TOC in oil shale samples, suggesting that more intense hydrothermal fluid activity improves conditions in favor of formation and preservation of organic matter.

当前建筑工程中建筑节能技术应用性探讨

建筑能耗在一个国家总能耗中占有较大比重,在能源越来越短缺的今天建筑节能已经成为建筑过程中必须考虑的问题。对工程中建筑节能的现状进行分析,结合建筑设计的实际情况,总结出在当前建筑工程中可以应用的几种建筑节能技术。

A Molecular Thermodynamic Model for Interfacial Tension in Surfactant-Oil-Water System

An interfacial equation of state based on perturbation theory for surfactant-oil-water system has been developed. By combining the interfacial equation of state with Boudh-Hir and Mansoori's model, a molecular ther-modynamic model has been proposed. The interfacial tension of surfactant-oil-water systems can be calculated from the surface tensions of pure oil and water by this model. The interfacial tension data for sodium dodecyl sulphate-heptane-water system, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenol-heptane-water system and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-heptane-water system have been correlated. By using the adjustable parameters obtained, the interfacial tensions of these systems at other temperatures have been predicted. Both the correlated and the predicted values are satisfactory.

Influence factors on thermal conductivity of ammonia-water nanofluids

In order to investigate the mechanism of nanoparticles enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the ammonia-water absorption process,several types of binary nanofluids were prepared by mixing Al2O3 nanoparticles with polyacrylic acid(PAA),TiO2 with polyethylene glycol(PEG 1000),and TiN,SiC,hydroxyapatite(noodle-like) with PEG 10000 to ammonia-water solution,respectively.The thermal conductivities were measured by using a KD2 Pro thermal properties analyzer.The influences of surfactant and ammonia on the dispersion stabilities of the binary nanofluids were investigated by the light absorbency ratio index methods.The results show that the type,content and size of nanoparticles,the temperature as well as the dispersion stability are the key parameters that affect the thermal conductivity of nanofluids.For the given nanoparticle material and the base fluid,the thermal conductivity ratio of the nanofluid to the ammonia-water liquid increases as the nanoparticle content and the temperature are increased,and the diameter of nanoparticle is decreased.Furthermore,the thermal conductivity ratio increases significantly by improving the stabilities of nanofluids,which is achieved by adding surfactants or performing the proper ammonia content in the fluid.

CFD modelling of Iongwall goaf gas flow to improve gas capture and prevent goaf self-heating

CFD models have been developed to investigate the Iongwall goaf gas flow patternsunder different mining and geological control conditions.The Iongwall goaf wastreated as porous regions and gas flow was modelled as a momentum sink added to themomentum equation.Gas desorption from the caved goaf and destressed coal seamswithin the mining disturbed area was modelled as additional mass sources in the continuityequation.These CFD models were developed according to specific Iongwall layoutsand calibrated against field monitoring data.Two case studies were presented demonstratingthe application of CFD modelling of goaf gas flow characteristics for improved goafgas capture and the reduction of oxygen ingress into the goaf areas for self-heating prevention.Results from the case studies indicate that the optimum goaf drainage strategywould be a combination of shallow (near the face) and deep holes to improve the overalldrainage efficiency and gas purity.For gassy Iongwall faces retreating against the seam dip,it is recommended to conduct cross-measure roof hole drainage targeting the fracturedzones overlying the return corner,rather than high capacity surface goaf drainage deep inthe goaf.

Molecular dynamics simulations of the mechanisms of thermal conduction in methane hydrates

The thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is an important physical parameter affecting the processes of methane hydrate exploration,mining,gas hydrate storage and transportation as well as other applications.Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and the Green-Kubo method have been employed for systems from fully occupied to vacant occupied sI methane hydrate in order to estimate their thermal conductivity.The estimations were carried out at temperatures from 203.15 to 263.15 K and at pressures from 3 to 100 MPa.Potential models selected for water were TIP4P,TIP4P-Ew,TIP4P/2005,TIP4P-FQ and TIP4P/Ice.The effects of varying the ratio of the host and guest molecules and the external thermobaric conditions on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate were studied.The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate is essentially determined by the cage framework which constitutes the hydrate lattice and the cage framework has only slightly higher thermal conductivity in the presence of the guest molecules.Inclusion of more guest molecules in the cage improves the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.It is also revealed that the thermal conductivity of the sI hydrate shows a similar variation with temperature.Pressure also has an effect on the thermal conductivity,particularly at higher pressures.As the pressure increases,slightly higher thermal conductivities result.Changes in density have little impact on the thermal conductivity of methane hydrate.