A heat pipe type adsorption ice maker with two adsorbers for fishing boats is designed by using ammonia as refrigerant and compound of activated carbon-CaCl2 as adsorbent. This type of heat pipe adsorber can solve the...A heat pipe type adsorption ice maker with two adsorbers for fishing boats is designed by using ammonia as refrigerant and compound of activated carbon-CaCl2 as adsorbent. This type of heat pipe adsorber can solve the problem of incompatibility between ammonia, copper, seawater and steel. The working process of the ice maker with 8.7kg adsorbent per bed is simulated. The results show that the optimal semi-cycle time is about 9 min at the evaporating temperature of -15℃, where the corresponding cooling power, specific cooling power per kilogram adsorbent SCP and coefficient of refrigerant performance COP are respectively 3.6kW, 217W·kg-1 and 0.404.展开更多
为研究天然气冷热电三联供分布式能源(combined cooling heating and power,CCHP)系统的能量利用特性,以某冷热电三联供能源站作为研究对象,利用EBSILON软件分别建立内燃机组、烟气-热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组、换热器组件等模型,分析...为研究天然气冷热电三联供分布式能源(combined cooling heating and power,CCHP)系统的能量利用特性,以某冷热电三联供能源站作为研究对象,利用EBSILON软件分别建立内燃机组、烟气-热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组、换热器组件等模型,分析了烟气-热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组在不同烟气与缸套水热源驱动下的制冷系数(coefficient of refrigeration,COP)特性,内燃机组不同负荷率下系统的综合供能特性。研究结果表明,CCHP采用单一热源制冷时,烟气热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组以烟气作为驱动热源可获得较高的COP,而以缸套水作为驱动热源时COP较低;在同时具备冷热负荷情况下,高温烟气更适合作为制冷热源,而高温缸套水更适合充当制热热源;采用双热源驱动制冷与单一热源相比,具有更高的综合能源利用效率,在内燃机75%负荷率、WY1工况下,COP与综合能源效率达到最大值1.28与92.0%;而在50%负荷率时采用缸套水作为单一热源驱动制冷机时,COP与综合能源利用效率达到最低值,分别为0.74与76.1%。模型分析得出的CCHP系统综合供能特性,在一定程度上可有效指导冷热电三联供能源站的高效运行。展开更多
A heat transfer model of furnace roller cooling process was established based on analysis of furnace roller＇s structure. The complicated model was solved with iteration planning algorithm based on Newton search. The ...A heat transfer model of furnace roller cooling process was established based on analysis of furnace roller＇s structure. The complicated model was solved with iteration planning algorithm based on Newton search. The model is proved logical and credible by comparing calculated results and measured data. Then, the relationship between water flow velocity, inlet water temperature, furnace temperature and roller cross section temperature, outlet water temperature, water temperature rise, cooling water heat absorption was studied. The conclusions and recommendations are mainly as follows： l） Cooling water temperature rise decreases with the increase of water flow velocity, but it has small relationship with inlet water temperature; 2） In order to get little water scale, inlet water temperature should be controlled below 30 ℃. 3） The cooling water flow velocity should be greater than critical velocity. The critical velocity is 0.07 m/s and water flow velocity should be controlled within 0.4-0.8 m/s. Within this velocity range, water cooling efficiency is high and water temperature rise is little. If cooling water velocity increases again, heat loss will increase, leading to energy wasting.展开更多
In this work an economical evaluation that established the viability of a low enthalpy geothermal resource as an energy source in north Africa is presented. The factors considered included the payback period, average ...In this work an economical evaluation that established the viability of a low enthalpy geothermal resource as an energy source in north Africa is presented. The factors considered included the payback period, average rate of return, net present value, and net benefit-cost ratio. The model was based on utilising the energy source to energise four models that comprised thermal equipment consisting of water/air cooled single/half effect lithium bromide water mixture absorption chillers and an R-245fa organic Rankine cycle. These modelled cycles were based on the energy demand for Waddan city a community in southern Libya which has a demand for combined cooling/electricity only or cooling/electricity with district hot water supply. The results revealed that all of the proposed simulated stand-alone models, except the water-cooled half effect chiller, are not economically viable unless they are heavily subsidized or combined with the district hot water supply at least in the winter season.展开更多
Investigations into critical beat flux at low flow and pressure conditions are of particular interest when predicting the nuclear reactor core behavior during Loss of Coolant accident （LOCA）. Therefore, critical hea...Investigations into critical beat flux at low flow and pressure conditions are of particular interest when predicting the nuclear reactor core behavior during Loss of Coolant accident （LOCA）. Therefore, critical heat flux （CHF） has been investigated in a uniformly heated vertical round tube at two low system pressures and six low water flowrates. The results have been compared with two correlations which have different approaches and CHF look-up table. Good agreements have been obtained for the three comparisons at the lower sets of mass fluxes. The Bowring correlation was found to be the best to correlate the experimental results with Root Mean Square Error RMSE of 0.54% and 0.56% for the 5 bar and 15 bar system pressure respectively. A comparisons with the Shim and Lee correlation yielded RMSE of 0.23% and 5.74% for the two system pressure respectively. When the look-up table of Groeneveld et al. was used, RMES of 0.55% and 25.2% was obtained for the two system pressure respectively.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the forced convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles （nanofluids） flowing through a straight pipe under laminar conditions. Stable nanofluids are formulated ...This paper is concerned with the forced convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles （nanofluids） flowing through a straight pipe under laminar conditions. Stable nanofluids are formulated by using the high shear mixing and ultrasonication methods. They are then characterised for their size, surface charge,thermal and rheological properties and tested for their convective heat transfer behaviour. Mathematical modelling is performed to simulate the convective heat transfer of nanofluids using a single phase flow model and considering nanofluids as both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Both experiments and mathematical modelling show that nanofluids can substantially enhance the convective heat transfer. Analyses of the results suggest that the non-Newtonian character of nanofluids influences the overall enhancement, especially for nanofluids with an obvious non-Newtonian character.展开更多
基金Supported by State Key Fundamental Research Program (No. G2000026309) Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 50225621)Shanghai Shuguang Training Program for the Talents, the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE, P.R.C.
文摘A heat pipe type adsorption ice maker with two adsorbers for fishing boats is designed by using ammonia as refrigerant and compound of activated carbon-CaCl2 as adsorbent. This type of heat pipe adsorber can solve the problem of incompatibility between ammonia, copper, seawater and steel. The working process of the ice maker with 8.7kg adsorbent per bed is simulated. The results show that the optimal semi-cycle time is about 9 min at the evaporating temperature of -15℃, where the corresponding cooling power, specific cooling power per kilogram adsorbent SCP and coefficient of refrigerant performance COP are respectively 3.6kW, 217W·kg-1 and 0.404.
文摘为研究天然气冷热电三联供分布式能源(combined cooling heating and power,CCHP)系统的能量利用特性,以某冷热电三联供能源站作为研究对象,利用EBSILON软件分别建立内燃机组、烟气-热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组、换热器组件等模型,分析了烟气-热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组在不同烟气与缸套水热源驱动下的制冷系数(coefficient of refrigeration,COP)特性,内燃机组不同负荷率下系统的综合供能特性。研究结果表明,CCHP采用单一热源制冷时,烟气热水型溴化锂吸收式冷水机组以烟气作为驱动热源可获得较高的COP,而以缸套水作为驱动热源时COP较低;在同时具备冷热负荷情况下,高温烟气更适合作为制冷热源,而高温缸套水更适合充当制热热源;采用双热源驱动制冷与单一热源相比,具有更高的综合能源利用效率,在内燃机75%负荷率、WY1工况下,COP与综合能源效率达到最大值1.28与92.0%;而在50%负荷率时采用缸套水作为单一热源驱动制冷机时,COP与综合能源利用效率达到最低值,分别为0.74与76.1%。模型分析得出的CCHP系统综合供能特性,在一定程度上可有效指导冷热电三联供能源站的高效运行。
基金Project(2010CB630800) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A heat transfer model of furnace roller cooling process was established based on analysis of furnace roller＇s structure. The complicated model was solved with iteration planning algorithm based on Newton search. The model is proved logical and credible by comparing calculated results and measured data. Then, the relationship between water flow velocity, inlet water temperature, furnace temperature and roller cross section temperature, outlet water temperature, water temperature rise, cooling water heat absorption was studied. The conclusions and recommendations are mainly as follows： l） Cooling water temperature rise decreases with the increase of water flow velocity, but it has small relationship with inlet water temperature; 2） In order to get little water scale, inlet water temperature should be controlled below 30 ℃. 3） The cooling water flow velocity should be greater than critical velocity. The critical velocity is 0.07 m/s and water flow velocity should be controlled within 0.4-0.8 m/s. Within this velocity range, water cooling efficiency is high and water temperature rise is little. If cooling water velocity increases again, heat loss will increase, leading to energy wasting.
文摘In this work an economical evaluation that established the viability of a low enthalpy geothermal resource as an energy source in north Africa is presented. The factors considered included the payback period, average rate of return, net present value, and net benefit-cost ratio. The model was based on utilising the energy source to energise four models that comprised thermal equipment consisting of water/air cooled single/half effect lithium bromide water mixture absorption chillers and an R-245fa organic Rankine cycle. These modelled cycles were based on the energy demand for Waddan city a community in southern Libya which has a demand for combined cooling/electricity only or cooling/electricity with district hot water supply. The results revealed that all of the proposed simulated stand-alone models, except the water-cooled half effect chiller, are not economically viable unless they are heavily subsidized or combined with the district hot water supply at least in the winter season.
文摘Investigations into critical beat flux at low flow and pressure conditions are of particular interest when predicting the nuclear reactor core behavior during Loss of Coolant accident （LOCA）. Therefore, critical heat flux （CHF） has been investigated in a uniformly heated vertical round tube at two low system pressures and six low water flowrates. The results have been compared with two correlations which have different approaches and CHF look-up table. Good agreements have been obtained for the three comparisons at the lower sets of mass fluxes. The Bowring correlation was found to be the best to correlate the experimental results with Root Mean Square Error RMSE of 0.54% and 0.56% for the 5 bar and 15 bar system pressure respectively. A comparisons with the Shim and Lee correlation yielded RMSE of 0.23% and 5.74% for the two system pressure respectively. When the look-up table of Groeneveld et al. was used, RMES of 0.55% and 25.2% was obtained for the two system pressure respectively.
基金supported by Chinese Heilongjiang Postdoctoral FoundationChinese Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Science Funding No.LBH-Q07036+1 种基金the Science Creative Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars in Harbin (Grant No. 2008RFLG005)Project Supported by Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology No.HIT.NSRIF. 2008.43.
文摘This paper is concerned with the forced convective heat transfer of dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles （nanofluids） flowing through a straight pipe under laminar conditions. Stable nanofluids are formulated by using the high shear mixing and ultrasonication methods. They are then characterised for their size, surface charge,thermal and rheological properties and tested for their convective heat transfer behaviour. Mathematical modelling is performed to simulate the convective heat transfer of nanofluids using a single phase flow model and considering nanofluids as both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Both experiments and mathematical modelling show that nanofluids can substantially enhance the convective heat transfer. Analyses of the results suggest that the non-Newtonian character of nanofluids influences the overall enhancement, especially for nanofluids with an obvious non-Newtonian character.
