赣南地热水形成条件分析与赣县区地热水勘查靶区圈定

为巩固脱贫攻坚成果,迈向乡村振兴,赣县人民梦寐以求在赣县探测到地热水资源。本文探讨了赣南山地隆起区构造裂隙地热水形成规律,分析了江西赣南地区地热水形成的条件:①燕山-喜山期岩浆侵入、热液活动是热供给来源;②红层盆地中巨厚的白垩系是储热盖层;③元古代至早古生代浅变质岩分布区岩石受多期次构造运动作用,裂隙发育、岩体破碎,有利于地表水下渗,是地下水的主要补给区;④深大断裂是沟通深部热水汇聚的隔水/导水构造,东西向、北西向、南北向一般断裂与深大断裂形成有利的蓄水构造;⑤受到地球运动和近现代构造应力场作用,赣南地区深层地下水总体由东向西运移,并在张裂型、弯凹型和交叉型三种蓄水构造类型中汇聚。初步建立了赣南地区地热水成因模式,提出赣南地热水分布规律是在南东盘为变质岩或花岗岩、北西盘为红层盆地的北东向深大断裂,并且与其他方向断层交叉部位,或者深大断裂呈弧形并向西凸出的弯凹位置。根据赣县地质特征,提出赣县地热水资源勘查靶区是江口镇河坑村、茅店镇汶潭村和大埠乡头塅村三处。建议采用地下水运移监测、地球物理探测、水文地质钻探等技术手段进行勘查。文章为赣县区实现地热水勘查重大突破提供了科学依据。

东昆仑热水钼矿区似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩元素地球化学及年代学研究

热水钼矿区处于东昆仑造山带东段,大地构造位置位于北昆仑岩浆弧,区内侵入岩较发育,其中与热水钼多金属矿密切相关的矿化似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩岩相学及地球化学数据显示,Si O2含量在67.64%~71.09%,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.86~1.11,为准铝质到过铝质,K2O/Na2O值1.35~2.32,里特曼指数为1.73~1.99,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等,明显亏损高场强元素Ta、Nb、Ce等,贫P、Ti。稀土元素总量（ΣREE）为94.27×10^-6~127.44×10^-6,平均为110.92×10^-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有较明显的轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,弱到中等程度的负铕异常。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（230.9±1.4）Ma,形成于印支期,钼多金属矿与这一时期岩浆活动密切相关。综合分析表明,似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩形成构造体制转换阶段,在热水地区具有寻找斑岩型矿床潜力。

水源热泵热回收系统在酒店高低区生活热水供水中的应用

以千岛湖某酒店为例,通过对水源热泵机组工作原理、运行模式的介绍以及酒店生活热水耗热量、水源热泵设计小时供热量、热水箱的容积计算,并结合空调冷热负荷,对热回收热泵机组进行了经济合理的选型及配置。针对酒店高低区分区供生活热水的系统,在保证热水供应安全可靠的前提下,以节约投资、减少热回收水源热泵机组台数为目标,设计了一套可靠的热泵加热循环系统,详细介绍了该系统的设计及其控制原理,通过节能效益评估,阐述了热回收技术的经济效益。

忻州市地热水开发利用现状及可持续开发建议

地下热水不仅具有一定的温度,而且由于在深循环中与环境介质长期互相作用,携带了多种对人体有益的特殊气体和微量元素,具有一定的医疗保健作用。合理开发利用地下热水对地热水的可持续开发利用乃至当地经济的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。一。

漫话“厄尔尼诺”

在安徒生笔下,大海是有灵性的,不过那是神话.过去我们知道,海洋若是耍起威风来,巨浪拍空,天海苍茫;掀翻航船,冲毁堤坝……对于海洋性格的这个侧面,人们无数次地领教过了. 但是,“厄尔尼诺”——这太平洋老人的狂怒,却更非同小可.它不仅仅会使南北美洲大地祸患无穷。

Vegetation-Climate Relationship and Its Application in the Division of Vegetation Zone in China

Distribution of vegetation is closely coupled with climate; the climate controls distribution of vegetation and the vegetation type reflects regional climates. To reveal vegetation_climate relationships is the foundation for understanding the vegetation distribution and theoretically serving vegetation regionalization. Vegetation regionalization is a theoretical integration of vegetation studies and provides a base for physiogeographical regionalization as well as agriculture and forestry regionalization. Based on a brief historical overview on studies of vegetation_climate relationships and vegetation regionalization conducted in China, we review the principles, bases and major schemes of previous vegetation regionalization and discuss on several contentious boundaries of vegetation zones in the present paper. We proposed that, under the circumstances that the primary vegetation has been destroyed in most parts of China, the division of vegetation zones/regions should be based on the distribution of primary and its secondary vegetation types and climatic indices that delimit distribution of the vegetation types. This not only reveals the closed relationship between vegetation and climate, but also is feasible practically. Although there still are divergence of views on the name and their boundaries of the several vegetation zones, it is commonly accepted that there are eight major vegetation regions in China, i.e. cold temperate needleleaf forest region, temperate needleleaf and broadleaf mixed forest region, warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest region, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest region, tropical monsoon forest and rain forest region, temperate steppe region, temperate desert region, and Qinghai_Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau high_cold vegetation region. Analyzing characteristics of vegetation and climate of major vegetation boundaries, we suggested that: 1) Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line is an important arid/humid climatic, but not a thermal climatic boundary, and thus can not also be regarded as the northern limit of the subtropical vegetation zone; 2) the northern limit of subtropical vegetation zone in China is along the northern coast of the Yangtze River, from Hangzhou Bay, via Taihu Lake, Xuancheng and Tongling in Anhui Province, through by southern slope of the Dabie Mountains, to Wuhan and its west, coinciding with a warmth index ( WI ) value of 130-140 ℃·month; 3) the tropical region is limited in a very small area in southeastern Hainan Island and southern edge of Taiwan Island; and 4) considering a significant difference in climates between the southern and northern parts of the warm temperate zone, we suggested that the warm temperate zone in China is divided into two vegetation regions, deciduous broadleaf woodland region and deciduous and evergreen broadleaf mixed forest region, the Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line being as their boundary. We also claimed that the zonal vegetation in North China is deciduous broadleaf woodland. Finally, we emphasized the importance of dynamic vegetation regionalization linked to climate changes.

火星陨石特殊结构：曾含有水或支持生命存在

据国外媒体报道,希腊和英国科学家在著名的火星陨石＂那喀拉＂中发现了一处极像地球生物细胞化石的结构。通过进一步研究与分析,科学家们发现其中曾经含有水,从而为火星表面之下曾经存在适宜生命形成并进化的环境提供了更为有力的证据。科学家们的发现成果发表于《天体生物学》期刊之上。在研究著名的火星陨石＂那喀拉＂的过程中,希腊国立雅典理工大学科学家伊莱亚斯·查特兹塞奥多里迪斯博士发现了一个非同寻常的结构深深嵌入在陨石中。

Changes in Soil Properties of Paddy Fields Across a Cultivation Chronosequence in Subtropical China

Rice production plays a crucial role in the food supply of China and a better understanding of the changes in paddy soil fertility and the management effects is of practical importance for increasing rice productivity. In this study, field sampling in a typical red soil region of subtropical China, Jiangxi Province, was used to observe changes in the soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields. After cultivation, clay (< 0.002 mm) content in the soil…

Influence of welding speed on corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA5086 aluminium alloy

The plates of AA5086 aluminium alloy were joined together by friction stir welding at a fixed rotation speed of 1000 r/min various welding speeds ranging from 63 to 100 mm/min.Corrosion behavior of the parent alloy(PA),the heat affected zone(HAZ),and the weld nugget zone(WNZ)of the joints were studied in 3.5%(mass fraction)aerated aqueous Na Cl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The corrosion susceptibility of the weldments increases when the welding speed increases to 63 and 100 mm/min.However,the value of corrosion rate in the weldments is lower than that in the PA.Additionally,the corrosion current density increases with increasing the welding speed in the HAZ and the WNZ.On the contrary,the corrosion potential in the WNZ appears more positive than in the HAZ with decreasing the welding speed.The WNZ exhibits higher resistance compared to the HAZ and the PA as the welding speed decreases.The results obtained from the EIS measurements suggest that the weld regions have higher corrosion resistance than the parent alloy.With increasing the welding speed,the distribution and extent of the corroded areas in the WNZ region are lower than those of the HAZ region.In the HAZ region,in addition to the pits in the corroded area,some cracks can be seen around the corroded areas,which confirms that intergranular corrosion is formed in this area.The alkaline localized corrosion and the pitting corrosion are the main corrosion mechanisms in the corroded areas within the weld regions.Crystallographic pits are observed within the weld regions.

CO_2 emission and organic carbon burial in the Xinanjiang Reservoir

In order to understand the effect of river impoundment on carbon dynamics, a large reservoir in a subtropical area, the Xinanjiang Reservoir, was investigated in detail. CO_2 emissions from the water–air interface was studied, as was organic carbon burial in sediment. The results show a significant seasonal difference in CO_2 emissions. River impoundment led to the enhancement of aquatic photosynthesis, generating large amounts of authigenic organic carbon that was then buried in sediment.

Space heating and hot water demand analysis of dwellings connected to district heating scheme in UK

To achieve CO2 emissions reductions, the UK Building Regulations require developers of new residential buildings to calculate expected CO2 emissions arising from their energy consumption using a methodology such as Standard Assessment Procedure （SAP 2005） or, more recently SAP 2009. SAP encompasses all domestic heat consumption and a limited proportion of the electricity consumption. However, these calculations are rarely verified with real energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. This work presents the results of an analysis based on weekly heat demand data for more than 200 individual fiats. The data were collected from a recently built residential development connected to a district heating network. A method for separating out the domestic hot water （DHW） use and space heating （SH） demand has been developed and these values are compared to the demand calculated using SAP 2005 and SAP 2009 methodologies. The analysis also shows the variation in DHW and SH consumption with size of flats and with tenure （privately owned or social housing）. Evaluation of the space heating consumption also includes an estimate of the heating degree day （HDD） base temperature for each block of fiats and compares this to the average base temperature calculated using the SAP 2005 methodology.

Simulation of Morphological Development of Soil Cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China

Soil cracking is an important process influencing water and solutes transport in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region of Southwest China. Studying the morphological development of soil cracks helps to further reveal the close relationship between the soil cracking process and water movement in such semi-arid regions. Here we report regular changes on surface morphology of soil cracks with decreasing water in four different soils (Typ-Ustic Ferrisols,Ver-Ustic Ferrisols,Tru-Ustic Vertisols and Typ-Ustic Vertisols) through simulation experiments. Our results indicate the following: 1) Different soils ultimately have different development degrees of soil cracks,according to their various values of crack area density. Soil cracks in Typ-Ustic Ferrisols can only develop to the feeble degree,while those in the other three soils are capable of developing into the intensive degree,and even into the extremely intensive degree. 2) Soil crack complexity,as expressed by the value of the area-weighted mean of crack fractal dimension (AWMFRAC),is found to continuously decrease as a whole through the whole cracking process in all the studied soils. 3) Soil crack connectivity shows a uniform trend in the studied soils,that is to say,connectivity gradually increases with soil crack development.

Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B （PTP1B） Activity by the Aqueous Partition of Guava Leaf Extract

Guava leaf tea has been used as a folk medicine for treating hyperglycemic conditions in Asia and Africa. The hypoglycemic efficacy of guava leaf has been documented by many scientists in these regions, but the hypoglycemic mechanism is poorly understood. Guava leaves were extracted with methanol and the crude extract was partitioned against hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol in sequence. The leftover in water is defined as the aqueous partition. A second smaller batch was extracted with hot water directly. Oral glucose tolerance test was carried out on healthy mice instead of diabetic mice that lack endogenous insulin. Glucose uptake was examined with 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oxidative effect on PTP1B （protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b） was carried out with real-time PTP1B enzymatic assay. The aqueous partition of guava leaf extract possesses a potent inhibitory effect on PTP1B enzymatic activity and this PTP1B inhibition is through a slow oxidative but reversible inactivation on the enzyme. The reversible inactivation would suggest guava leaf extract may augment PTP1B inhibition alongside the endogenous H2O2 which itself is induced by insulin. In addition, our study confirmed the hypoglycemic efficacy being associated with guava leaf and found the most effective molecules reside in the aqueous partition which is also less cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary cells when compared to other less polar partitions. The guava leaf extract can modulate insulin activity through a redox regulation on PP1B enzymatic activity. It is speculated that a compound similar to gallocatechin in the aqueous partition can reduce an oxygen molecule to hydrogen peroxide which in turn oxidizes the catalytic residue Cys in PTP1B. Therefore, the guava leaf tea can serve as a functional hypoglycemic drink that is suitable for either healthy or diabetic subjects.

Seasonal Distribution of Manganese in the Soil-Water-Plant in the Zone of Burshtyn Thermal Power Station

This study deals with the impact of Burshtyn thermal power station on the amount of manganese in soil, water and celandine tissue. The research of manganese amount and form in the system： water-plant is of great importance due to active influence of thermal power station on the chemical structure of the polluted area. The changes in the amount and form of manganese in soil, water and plant are interrelated and depend on the season, the distance from the polluter and morph-functional plant structure, the cleaning system possibilities of the industrial enterprise and some meteorological factors.

Water vapor transport over China and its relationship with drought and flood in Yangtze River Basin

The characteristics of water vapor transport(WVT) over China and its relationship with precipitation anomalies in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB) are analyzed by using the upper-air station data in China and ECMWF reanalysis data in summer from 1981 to 2002.The results indicate that the first mode of the vertically integrated WVT is significant whose spatial distribution presents water vapor convergence or divergence in the YRB.When the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) is strong and shifts southward and westward, the Indian Monsoon Low Pressure(IMLP) is weak, and the northern part of China stands behind the middle and high latitude trough, a large amount of water vapor from the Bay of Bengal(BOB), the South China Sea(SCS) and the western Pacific forms a strong and steady southwest WVT band and meets the strong cold water vapor from northern China in the YRB, thus it is likely to cause flood in the YRB.When WPSH is weak and shifts northward and eastward, IMLP is strong, and there is nearly straight west wind over the middle and high latitude, it is unfavorable for oceanic vapor extending to China and no steady and strong southwest WVT exists in the region south of the YRB.Meanwhile, the cold air from northern China is weak and can hardly be transported to the YRB.This brings on no obvious water vapor convergence, and then less precipitation in the YRB.

Heat transfer analysis and experimental verification of cast heat exchanger

From the viewpoints of environmental conservation and energy efficiency,seawater-source heat pump system(SWHP) to provide district cooling and heating is applied in coastal areas.Based on the system,a heat transfer model was established for cast heat exchanger(CHE) adopted by SWHP systems.The CHE consists of pipes immersed in the seawater and used for transferring heat between the seawater and the heat exchanger pipes of SWHP system.An experimental study was carried out to test the validity of the model.A program was developed in VB language and the effects of inlet temperature,flow rate of the secondary refrigerant and length of CHE on the results were investigated.The results of the numerical simulation are in consistence with the experiments in both winter and summer conditions.As a result,application of SWHP systems with CHE in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.

Combined Heat and Power Design Considerations for the APR1400

To date, nuclear cogeneration applications have been limited, primarily to district heating in Eastern Europe and heavy water production in Canada. With the current global price for oil and energy, this technology is not economically viable for most countries. However, oil and fossil fuel prices are known to be highly volatile, and the Paris Agreement calls for a reduction in fossil fuel use. Under these circumstances, heat supplied by nuclear power may abruptly return to favor. To prepare for such a scenario, this study will investigate design considerations for a prototypical modem nuclear power plant, the Korean APR1400 （advanced power reactor 1400） （e.g., Shin Kori Units 3, 4, Shin Hanul 1, 2, Barakah Units 1, 2, 3, 4）. Nuclear cogeneration can impact balance of plant system and component design for the condensate, feedwater, extraction steam, and heater drain systems. The APR1400 turbine cycle will be reviewed for a parametric range of pressures and flow rates of the steam exported for cogeneration to identify major design challenges.

CLIMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE ONSET OF ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON AS REVEALED BY HIRS-Tb12 AND DROUGHT AND FLOODS IN EASTERN CHINA

As shown in comparison and study of the HIRS-Tb12 data and conventional data, temperature, humidity and vertical motion are structured differently in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, which are well depicted with the HIRS-Tb12 data. When high pressures rapidly decrease over the regions of South China Sea and Arabian Sea with the HIRS-Tb12 less than 200 W/m2, monsoons will set off in the South China Sea, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, respectively. From a year of significant drought to one of significant floods, the trend of evolution is significantly different in the downdraft areas of the subtropical highs between the two hemispheres.

Economical Evaluation of a Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Resource Located in an Arid-Zone Area

In this work an economical evaluation that established the viability of a low enthalpy geothermal resource as an energy source in north Africa is presented. The factors considered included the payback period, average rate of return, net present value, and net benefit-cost ratio. The model was based on utilising the energy source to energise four models that comprised thermal equipment consisting of water/air cooled single/half effect lithium bromide water mixture absorption chillers and an R-245fa organic Rankine cycle. These modelled cycles were based on the energy demand for Waddan city a community in southern Libya which has a demand for combined cooling/electricity only or cooling/electricity with district hot water supply. The results revealed that all of the proposed simulated stand-alone models, except the water-cooled half effect chiller, are not economically viable unless they are heavily subsidized or combined with the district hot water supply at least in the winter season.