Shape and quantity of helical baffles have great impact on the shell-side performance of helical baffled heat exchangers （HBHE）. In this work, three physical models of HBHE with baffles of different shape （trisecti...Shape and quantity of helical baffles have great impact on the shell-side performance of helical baffled heat exchangers （HBHE）. In this work, three physical models of HBHE with baffles of different shape （trisection, quadrant and sextant sector） were investigated. Numerical simulations were performed on HBHE at three helix an- gles （10°, 25° and 40°） by the software ANSYS CFX. Analyses of numerical results indicate that the sextant HBHE shows relatively better fluid flow performance because the leakage flow in the triangle area is evidently reduced and the fluid streamline appears much closer to an ideal spiral flow, while the trisection and quadrant HBHE show more scattered and disordered streamline distributions. The convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in three types of HBHE were presented. Further investigations on the shell side performance with different helical baf- fles were implemented by the field synergy theory. Both theoretical and numerical analyses gave support on the re- lations between helical baffle shape and shell-side performance. This paper may provide useful reference for the selection of baffle shade and auantitv in HBHE.展开更多
The physical models of the outer and inner half coil jackets were simplified to two types of coiled ducts.The mathematic models of incompressible fluid at the condition of laminar flow and heat transfer in the two typ...The physical models of the outer and inner half coil jackets were simplified to two types of coiled ducts.The mathematic models of incompressible fluid at the condition of laminar flow and heat transfer in the two types of jackets for cooling process reactor were set up and solved by the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equa-tions consistent （SIMPLEC） algorithm based on a control volume method.The flow and temperature fields were given and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were studied.The results show that flow in the inner half coil jacket is found to exhibit transition of secondary flow pattern from two vortices to four vortices when the Dean number increases,but that in the outer half coil jacket is not found.The critical Dean num-ber is about 96.The inner half coil jacket has stronger heat transfer ability than the outer half coil jacket and this superiority is more evident with larger Prandtl number.However,as the Dean number is greater than 105,the flow resistance enhances more severely in the inner jacket than the outer jacket.For both jackets,the centers of the heated wall are the poorest for heat transfer.展开更多
In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, ...In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.展开更多
The main objective of this work is to investigate analytically the steady nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics between nonparallel plane walls. Using appropriate transformations for the velocity and temper...The main objective of this work is to investigate analytically the steady nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics between nonparallel plane walls. Using appropriate transformations for the velocity and temperature, the basic nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to the ordinary differential equations. Then, these equations have been solved analytically and numerically for some values of the governing parameters, Reynolds number, Re, channel half angle, α, Prandtl number, Pr, and Eckert number, Ec, using Adomian decomposition method and the Runge-Kutta method with mathematic package. Analytical and numerical results are searched for the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and the velocity and temperature profiles. It is found on one hand that the Nusselt number increases as Eckert number or channel half-angle increases, but it decreases as Reynolds number increases. On the other hand, it is also found that the presence of Cu nanoparticles in a water base fluid enhances heat transfer between nonparallel plane walls and in consequence the Nusselt number increases with the increase of nanoparticles volume fraction. Finally, an excellent agreement between analytical results and those obtained by numerical Runge-Kutta method is highly noticed.展开更多
Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of jacketed vessel with triangular flow channels were numerically studied under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Constant heat flux at theheated...Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of jacketed vessel with triangular flow channels were numerically studied under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Constant heat flux at theheated wall was assumed. The numerical program code interms of vorticity, stream function, axial velocity com ponent and energy equations was written based on a finite volume method. Based on the numerical results, the flow and temperature field were given, and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were ex amined, and the correlations of flow resistance and mean Nusselt number were developed for the jacket. The results show that the structure of secondary flow is steady two vortices in the investigated range of dimensionless curvatureratio and Reynolds number. Two peaks of local Nusselt number increase significantly with Prandtl and Dean num ber increasing, but the local Nusselt numbers near two ends and at the center of the heated wall increase only slightly. The center and two ends of heated wall are the poor positions for heat transfer in the jacket. Compared with the outer half coil jacket at the same area of heated wall, curvature radius, Reynolds number and Prandtl number, e jacket of triangular flow chmnel has lower flow resistance and less mean Nusselt number.展开更多
This work illustrates the steady state, two dimensional natural convective flow and heat transfer features in square enclosure containing heated hexagonal block maintained either at constant wall temperature(CWT) or u...This work illustrates the steady state, two dimensional natural convective flow and heat transfer features in square enclosure containing heated hexagonal block maintained either at constant wall temperature(CWT) or uniform heat flux(UHF) thermal conditions. Governing equations(mass, momentum and energy) are solved by using finite volume method(FVM) with 3rd order accurate QUICK discretization scheme and SIMPLE algorithm for range of field pertinent parameters such as, Grashof number(10~3≤ Gr ≤ 10~6), Prandtl number(1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100) and power law index(0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1.5). The analysis of momentum and heat transfer characteristics are delineated by evolution of streamlines, isotherms, variation of average Nusselt number value and Colburn factor for natural convection(j_(nH)). A remarkable change is observed on fluid flow and thermal distribution pattern in cavity for both thermal conditions. Nusselt number shows linear variation with Grashof and Prandtl numbers; while rate of heat transfer by convection decreases for power law index value. Higher heat transfer rate can be achieved by using uniform heat flux condition. A Nusselt number correlation is developed for possible utilization in engineering/scientific design purpose.展开更多
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance ...An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behavio（s were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness,alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness andalkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. Thecomponents of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling,ρfhf, varied from 380 to 2600 kg·W·（m^4·K）^-1, increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, λf, varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W·（m·K）^-1 .展开更多
The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with tempera...The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with temperature distribution were experimentally studied. Particle dynamics analyzer （PDA） was used for the on-line measurement of particle motion and particle concentration distribution in the cross-sections of the duct. The influences of the parameters such as the ratio of the bulk air temperature to the cold wall temperature and the air flow rate in the duct on the kinematical characteristics and the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 were investigated. The experimental re- sults show that the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 mainly depend on the temperature difference between the air and the cold wail, wffile the air flow rate and the particlecon^centration almost affect hardly tile clep0si-tion-effi ciency. The radial force thermophoresis to push PM2.5 to the cold wail is found the key factor for PM2.5 deposition.Based on the experimental results, an empirical modified Romay correlation for the calculation of thermophoretic deposition efficiency of PM2.5 is presenlext. The empirical correlation agrees reasonably well with the experimental data.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51106090)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB228305)the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University(2012TS190)
文摘Shape and quantity of helical baffles have great impact on the shell-side performance of helical baffled heat exchangers （HBHE）. In this work, three physical models of HBHE with baffles of different shape （trisection, quadrant and sextant sector） were investigated. Numerical simulations were performed on HBHE at three helix an- gles （10°, 25° and 40°） by the software ANSYS CFX. Analyses of numerical results indicate that the sextant HBHE shows relatively better fluid flow performance because the leakage flow in the triangle area is evidently reduced and the fluid streamline appears much closer to an ideal spiral flow, while the trisection and quadrant HBHE show more scattered and disordered streamline distributions. The convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in three types of HBHE were presented. Further investigations on the shell side performance with different helical baf- fles were implemented by the field synergy theory. Both theoretical and numerical analyses gave support on the re- lations between helical baffle shape and shell-side performance. This paper may provide useful reference for the selection of baffle shade and auantitv in HBHE.
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program during the 10th Five-year Plan Period(2004BA319B1)the Educational Commission of Liaoning Province of China(2008S117)
文摘The physical models of the outer and inner half coil jackets were simplified to two types of coiled ducts.The mathematic models of incompressible fluid at the condition of laminar flow and heat transfer in the two types of jackets for cooling process reactor were set up and solved by the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equa-tions consistent （SIMPLEC） algorithm based on a control volume method.The flow and temperature fields were given and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were studied.The results show that flow in the inner half coil jacket is found to exhibit transition of secondary flow pattern from two vortices to four vortices when the Dean number increases,but that in the outer half coil jacket is not found.The critical Dean num-ber is about 96.The inner half coil jacket has stronger heat transfer ability than the outer half coil jacket and this superiority is more evident with larger Prandtl number.However,as the Dean number is greater than 105,the flow resistance enhances more severely in the inner jacket than the outer jacket.For both jackets,the centers of the heated wall are the poorest for heat transfer.
文摘In this paper the heat withstanding mechanism of heat-resisting aluminum alloy conductor is discussed, the types and performance of the conductor and its application on transmission lines are analyzed and introduced, and suggestions on accelerating exploitation and application of the conductor are put forward.
文摘The main objective of this work is to investigate analytically the steady nanofluid flow and heat transfer characteristics between nonparallel plane walls. Using appropriate transformations for the velocity and temperature, the basic nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced to the ordinary differential equations. Then, these equations have been solved analytically and numerically for some values of the governing parameters, Reynolds number, Re, channel half angle, α, Prandtl number, Pr, and Eckert number, Ec, using Adomian decomposition method and the Runge-Kutta method with mathematic package. Analytical and numerical results are searched for the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and the velocity and temperature profiles. It is found on one hand that the Nusselt number increases as Eckert number or channel half-angle increases, but it decreases as Reynolds number increases. On the other hand, it is also found that the presence of Cu nanoparticles in a water base fluid enhances heat transfer between nonparallel plane walls and in consequence the Nusselt number increases with the increase of nanoparticles volume fraction. Finally, an excellent agreement between analytical results and those obtained by numerical Runge-Kutta method is highly noticed.
基金Supported by the Speciai Pogram forLocal Universities Development of Central Finance of China （2050205）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21106086）, and the Program for Liaoning Excellent Talents in University （LJQ2012035）.
文摘Laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics of jacketed vessel with triangular flow channels were numerically studied under hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed conditions. Constant heat flux at theheated wall was assumed. The numerical program code interms of vorticity, stream function, axial velocity com ponent and energy equations was written based on a finite volume method. Based on the numerical results, the flow and temperature field were given, and the effects of Dean and Prandtl numbers on flow and heat transfer were ex amined, and the correlations of flow resistance and mean Nusselt number were developed for the jacket. The results show that the structure of secondary flow is steady two vortices in the investigated range of dimensionless curvatureratio and Reynolds number. Two peaks of local Nusselt number increase significantly with Prandtl and Dean num ber increasing, but the local Nusselt numbers near two ends and at the center of the heated wall increase only slightly. The center and two ends of heated wall are the poor positions for heat transfer in the jacket. Compared with the outer half coil jacket at the same area of heated wall, curvature radius, Reynolds number and Prandtl number, e jacket of triangular flow chmnel has lower flow resistance and less mean Nusselt number.
文摘This work illustrates the steady state, two dimensional natural convective flow and heat transfer features in square enclosure containing heated hexagonal block maintained either at constant wall temperature(CWT) or uniform heat flux(UHF) thermal conditions. Governing equations(mass, momentum and energy) are solved by using finite volume method(FVM) with 3rd order accurate QUICK discretization scheme and SIMPLE algorithm for range of field pertinent parameters such as, Grashof number(10~3≤ Gr ≤ 10~6), Prandtl number(1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100) and power law index(0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1.5). The analysis of momentum and heat transfer characteristics are delineated by evolution of streamlines, isotherms, variation of average Nusselt number value and Colburn factor for natural convection(j_(nH)). A remarkable change is observed on fluid flow and thermal distribution pattern in cavity for both thermal conditions. Nusselt number shows linear variation with Grashof and Prandtl numbers; while rate of heat transfer by convection decreases for power law index value. Higher heat transfer rate can be achieved by using uniform heat flux condition. A Nusselt number correlation is developed for possible utilization in engineering/scientific design purpose.
基金the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(G2007CB206904)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China(00084)the Doctoral Fund of Beijing University of Technology(X004016200801)
文摘An experimental study was conducted to investigate the fouling process of calcium carbonate on the heat transfer surface, during forced convective heat transfer. The dynamic monitoring apparatus of fouling resistance was set up for the present experiments. The fouling behavio（s were examined under different factors including fluid velocity, hardness,alkalinity, solution temperature, and wall temperature. Asymptotic fouling curves varying with time were obtained. The fouling rate and asymptotic fouling resistance increased and the induction periods were shortened with the fluid velocity decreasing, hardness andalkalinity increasing, and solution temperature and heat transfer surface temperature increasing. Thecomponents of fouling that formed on the heat transfer surface included crystallization fouling and particulate fouling. The thermal performance parameter of fouling,ρfhf, varied from 380 to 2600 kg·W·（m^4·K）^-1, increasing with growing velocity and decreasing solution temperature, hardness or alkalinity. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of fouling, λf, varied from 1.7 to 2.2 W·（m·K）^-1 .
基金the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project of China (2002CB211604)
文摘The kinematical characteristics and thermophoretic deposition of inhalable particles with the diameters of 0-2.5μm （hereafter referred to as PM2.5） suspended in turbulent air flow in a rectangular duct with temperature distribution were experimentally studied. Particle dynamics analyzer （PDA） was used for the on-line measurement of particle motion and particle concentration distribution in the cross-sections of the duct. The influences of the parameters such as the ratio of the bulk air temperature to the cold wall temperature and the air flow rate in the duct on the kinematical characteristics and the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 were investigated. The experimental re- sults show that the deposition efficiencies of PM2.5 mainly depend on the temperature difference between the air and the cold wail, wffile the air flow rate and the particlecon^centration almost affect hardly tile clep0si-tion-effi ciency. The radial force thermophoresis to push PM2.5 to the cold wail is found the key factor for PM2.5 deposition.Based on the experimental results, an empirical modified Romay correlation for the calculation of thermophoretic deposition efficiency of PM2.5 is presenlext. The empirical correlation agrees reasonably well with the experimental data.
