1780mm热轧增加钢卷喷印模式减少热喷漆消耗

重庆钢铁股份有限公司1780mm热轧生产线自投产以来钢卷喷印一直是面侧共喷,热喷漆消耗量大,对热喷印机机械臂运行磨损及吨钢成本控制影响较大。本文介绍了部分客户认为钢卷面喷标志酸洗不掉影响后续使用要求取消,厂内通过技术攻关实现了客户的喷印需求,取得了好的效果及经济效益。

木材动态力学特性对热磨过程能耗的影响

以杨木为试材，应变率为400、700、1000 s－1，含水率为气干、全饱和，加载方向为弦向、径向、轴向；用分离式霍普金森杆（SHPB）试验装置测试了木材动态力学特性，分析了木材动态力学特性对热磨过程中能量消耗的影响。结果表明：①全饱和材比气干材更易解离。②在同一个应变率范围内，弦向抗压强度最小，轴向抗压强度最大；进料时，若能使大部分原料沿着弦向进料，而避免沿着轴向进料，则会减少研磨过程中的能量消耗。③当应变率在400～1000 s－1范围内变化时，轴向的抗压强度值随应变率的增加而增大，但增加幅度随应变率的增加而减小；弦向、径向的抗压强度随应变率的增加先增大而后减小。热磨过程中，增大磨盘转速提高纤维分离过程的应变率，可以减少热磨过程中的能量消耗。

冬季现浇混凝土地基基础施工技术探究

新浇筑的混凝土在低温状态下,其中的拌和水会达到冰冻状态,其体积会比原来增大10%左右,而水泥也无法再进行水化作用。而在温度恢复以后,受过冰冻的水泥浆中出现孔隙的概率,比在常规条件下凝固的水泥有了明显增加,导致水泥的抗压性能、抗渗性能以及黏合性能都有不同程度的下降,其整体强度下降,耐久性也会随之减退。从冬季现浇混凝土的施工特点出发,分析当前相关工作中存在的各项问题,并提出一些参考建议,希望能为相关技术升级和行业发展提供一些理论支持。

心脏功能评价指标及其检测方法进展

几种心脏功能评价指标的检测方法:FICK氧消耗量法、热稀释法、超声心动图法、心阻抗图法以及利用心音评价心功能的一些进展,比较了各种方法的优势和局限性。提出心功能检测方法应分别从高精确度和简单无创2个方向发展,以适应不同应用需求。

浅析影响熟料煅烧煤耗的主要因素与降耗措施

降低熟料煅烧煤耗,应针对主要影响因素,从减少热损失、降低热消耗、增加热收入入手,对系统分部优化。C_1筒分离效率低、废气温度高、熟料烧成热耗高、系统漏风严重等是造成热损失的主因;设备表面散热和冷却机系统损失热,也是不可忽略的重要因素。降低热消耗,要重视生料易烧性的影响和余热浪费现象。可采取优化篦冷机性能,挖掘余热发电潜能,优化烧成工艺,利用替代燃料,使用新型耐火保温材料等措施,回收余热增加热收入。

冬季养羊“要五抓”

冬季天气寒冷,牧草枯黄,羊体热消耗增大,而此阶段正是母羊的妊娠和配种季节,育成羊也进入第一个越冬期,对营养需求量较大。饲养上稍有疏忽会造成大批死亡。根据大连普兰店市一些养羊大户经验,冬季养羊要做到五抓。一抓好防寒保暖对羊舍要经常检查。

Energy expenditure and muscular activation patterns through active sitting on compliant surfaces

Purpose: To test the effectiveness of sitting surfaces with varied amounts of stability on muscle activity and energy expenditure.Methods: Using a within-participants repeated measures design, 11 healthy young-adult females(age = 20.0 ± 1.8 years) were measured using indirect calorimetry to assess energy expenditure, and electromyography to assess muscular activation in trunk and leg musculature under 3different sitting surfaces: flat-firm surface, air-filled cushion, and a stability ball. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with follow-up pairwise contrasts used to determine the specific effects of sitting surface on muscle activation and energy expenditure.Results: Significantly greater energy expenditure was recorded for the stability ball(p = 0.01) and the cushion(p = 0.03) over the flat surface(10.4% and 9.6% greater, respectively), with no differences between the ball and the cushion. Both the ball and the cushion produced higher tibialis anterior activation over the flat surface(1.09 and 0.63 root-mean-square millivolts(RMSmv), respectively), while the stability ball produced higher soleus activity over both cushion and flat surfaces(3.97 and 4.24 RMSmv, respectively). Additionally, the cushion elicited higher adductor longus activity over the ball and flat surfaces(1.76 and 1.81 RMSmv, respectively), but no trunk musculature differences were revealed.Conclusion: Compliant surfaces resulted in higher levels of muscular activation in the lower extremities facilitating increased caloric expenditure.Given the increasing trends in sedentary careers and the increases in obesity, this is an important finding to validate the merits of active sitting facilitating increased caloric expenditure and muscle activation.

Analyses on performances of heat and multilayer reflection insulators

This research was conducted to study the performances of the heat and multilayer reflection insulators used for buildings in South Korea to realize eco-friendly, low-energy-consumption, green construction, and to contribute to energy consumption reduction in buildings and to the nation＇s greenhouse gas emission reduction policy （targeting 30% reduction compared to BAUCousiness as usual） by 2020）. The heat insulation performance test is about the temperatures on surfaces of test piece. The high air temperature and the low air temperature were measured to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity. The conclusions are drawn that the heat transmission coefficients for each type of existing reflection insulator are： A-1 （0.045 W/（m-K））, A-2 （0.031 W/（m.K））, A-3 （0.042 W/（m.K））, A-4 （0.078 W/（m.K））, and the average heat conductivity is 0.049 W/（m-K）; The heat conductivity for each type of Styrofoam insulator are 0.030 W/（m.K） for B-l, 0.032 W/（m-K） for B-2, 0.037 W/（m＇K） for B-3, 0.037 W/（m.K） for B-4, and the average heat conductivity is 0.035 W/（m＇K） regardless of the thickness of the insulator; The heat conductivity values of the multilayer reflection insulators are converted based on the thickness and type C-1 （0.020 W/（m.K））, C-2 （0.018 W/（m.K））, C-3 （0.016 W/（m.K））, and C-4 （0.012 W/（m.K））; The multilayer reflection insulator keeps the indoor-side surface temperature high （during winter） or low （in summer）, enhances the comfort of the building occupants, and conducts heating and moisture resistance to prevent dew condensation on the glass-outer-wall surface.

Complete Modeling for Systems of a Marine Diesel Engine

This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks： cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation （FDI） as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine＇s output of changing values for faults parameters such as： faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors （and many others）.

Experimental assessment of two-phase bubble pump for solar water heating

The research goal is to develop a new solar water heater system(SWHS) that uses a solar bubble pump instead of an electric pump.The pump is powered by the steam produced from an evacuated tube collector.Therefore,heat could be transferred downward from the collector to a hot water storage tank.The designed system consists of two sets of heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors,a solar bubble pump installed at an upper level and a water storage tank with a heat exchanger at a lower level.Discharge heads of 1 and 5 m were tested.The bubble pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 90-100 ℃ and vapor gage pressure of 80-90 kPa.It is found that water circulation within the SWHS depends on the incident solar intensity and system discharge head.Experimental investigations are conducted to obtain the system thermal efficiencies from the hourly,daily and long-term performance tests.The thermal performance of the proposed system is compared with conventional solar water heaters.The results show that the proposed system achieves system characteristic efficiency of 10% higher than that of the conventional systems using electric pump if taking the consumption of electric power into account.And the former is a zero carbon system.

Fuel consumption study on introducing pyrolyzed DME or ethanol into diesel engine

The present work studied fuel consumption through experiments on a diesel engine. In order to obtain lower BSFC （brake specific fuel consumption）, DME （dimethyl ether） is heated and introduced into air intake, together with fueling emulsified fuel to diesel engine. Results show that BSFC can decrease about 10% and diesel fuel consumption alone can decrease 18%. High saving rate of BSFC up to 10% is also acquired using ethanol instead of DME. To achieve high saving rate of BSFC, the heating temperature of about 1000 K is needed for DME operation, while the diesel engine exhaust temperature of about 750 K is suitable for ethanol. Hydrogen produced in DME or ethanol pyrolysis and the combustion characters of emulsified fuel are considered as main reasons for the excellent fuel saving. Besides, the technique adopted in the present work is extremely easy to be utilized, and may be firstly adopted on diesel engines for power plants, trains, and ships etc.

Energy Consumption of ADU/VDU in China and Measures for Improvement

The present status of energy consumption ofADU (Atmospheric Distillation Unit)/VDU (VacuumDistillation Unit) in China is discussed, the major problems, such as low end temperature of heat exchange,low heater efficiency, high fuel consumption, and large consumption of water, electricity and steam areanalyzed, and measures for improvement are proposed.

Energy Consumption, Thermal Performance and Thermal Comfort in Public School Buildings in Jordan

Good learning outputs in schools require an acceptable physical environment inside schools. Whatever the climatic context that surrounds any school buildings, energy flows of different types should be provided. Concerns may include thermal environment, luminous environment and acoustics environment. Types of energy used are an important variable that contributes to thermal comfort. Physical structure of the school building is another factor to be taken into consideration. This article established a relationship between thermal comfort inside schools and types of energy flows which have been consumed to maintain the level of comfort required, controlled by the building fabric and consequent economic factors that affect energy consumption of school buildings. Different approaches were applied in order to achieve the research objectives. Field surveys, field measurements and analyzing historical data were the most approaches followed to implement this study. The final outputs of this work have a national value nationwide： establishing a relationship among thermal comfort, energy flows and building fabric is of importance. Furthermore, it is of great importance to the decision maker for educational facilities. Research will also establish a wide platform based on scientific investigations for developing climate responsive school architecture in Jordan.

Fuel Poverty and Comfort in Modern Residential Apartments in Developing Countries： A Case from Jordan

Energy is one of the most important resources in the economy of developing countries. Jordan depends mainly on imported oil and gas at international prices. This creates a heavy burden upon Jordanian national economy, which is reflected in the same time on other sectors of the Jordanian society. The ever increasing fuel prices make it very necessary to look for new renewable energy resources. Jordan as a developing country with its fast growing urban development and construction projects will be studied. It is worthy to study the dynamic relationship between end user, fuel and comfort in the residential sector. Energy is a chronic problem in Jordan, due to lack of non renewable energy resources, the end consumer is influenced by this fact, in achieving his basic energy needs. This study tries to shed light on the fuel poverty line, definitions and parameters of fuel poverty. And to study what has been done in this regard on both international and local level. No studies have been identified in Jordan which, explore the problem of fuel poverty, especially after the vast and recent increase in fuel prices internationally and locally. This study will follow theoretical and field survey to understand the relationship between comfort, energy and building fabric. Method will depend mainly on field survey and statistical data, and necessary measurements, questionnaires will be adopted when necessary to explore comfort levels related to fuel consumption. Summary and recommendations will be concerned with how thermal comfort could be achieved within the ranges of fuel accessibility, building fabric, minimum pollution and cost.

Optimizing GSHP Performance with ICT and RETScreen Plus

Under the RHO （renewable heat obligation）, public buildings in the Republic of Korea must achieve an 11% overall reduction to thermal energy consumption in buildings more than 10,0O0 m^2. RETScreen Plus is a freely available software tool developed by the Canadian Government which can be used to develop energy baselines of clean energy technologies. Using curve-fitting and statistical methods like CUSUM, the software can combine actual energy performance with near real time weather information from NASA. We developed a method to simulate the performance of a GSHP （ground source heat pump）. The three distinct energy zones involve heating, no-energy, and cooling. RETScreen Plus methodology is used to develop curve fits for each distinct zone as it builds a correlation with NASA satellite data. The model then factors the impact of ICT （information and control technologies） as a means to improve and lower the building＇s energy consumption. Two values of COP （coefficient of performance） are used--the first is a standard ICT COP, while the second is an improved ICT COP with a smart controller. This methodology can then be expanded to incorporate current and future smart meter technologies, time of use rates, energy price signals, demand response and electricity storage options. In summary, this methodology enables a building owner or energy conservation official to quickly and accurately determine the baseline energy for a building and the potential impacts of smart ICT technologies, especially for buildings equipped with GSHP technologies.

Building Sector： The Different Ways to Improve Their Energetic Efficiency

The building sector has a significant weight in the global energy consumption in almost of the countries. So, there is a high potential for increasing its energy efficiency. With the enforcement of the energetic certification, it was tried to select different solutions that presents less energy consumption and waste, as well as an effective reduction of CO2 emissions. This work fits in this perspective, since the main goal is to evaluate the contribution of passive and active solutions that can be used in buildings for the improvement of its energetic efficiency, as well as to evaluate the contribution of renewable energy sources. Contribution of solar systems for hot water heating and electric energy production has been studied, as well as cogeneration, Combined Heat and Power （CHP）. The case studied is a hotel. To improve the building performance, there were proposed several changes, with the goal of evaluating the contribution of the different solutions proposed. It was concluded that they contribute to a reduction of thermal needs of 25.2% and avoided emissions of CO2 is 30.4%. The analysis of the implementation of trigeneration, Combined Heat, Cooling and Power （CHCP） turns it executable. The payback period is less than 8 years.

An Improved Calculation of the Thermodynamically Based Allocation of Cumulative Exergy Consumption in the Petroleum Distillation Process

One of the most common problems arising from the application of exergy analysis is the allocation of cumulative exergy consumption （CExC） in the petroleum distillation process yielding several useful products. Based on the concept of exergy, an improved calculation of the minimum separation power of product （MSPP） in the petroleum distillation process is provided in this article. The calculation of MSPP can be derived from the concept of exergy. The related mathematical models are established. Finally, application of this method to a case study is given, and the results are compared with the ones using mass as an allocation parameter.

A Survey on a Heat Exchangers Network to Decrease Energy Consumption by Using Pinch Technology

There are several ways to increase the efficiency of energy consumption and to decrease energy consumption. In this paper. the application of pinch technology in analysis of the heat exchangers network （HEN） in order to reduce the energy consumption in a thermal system is studied. Therefore, in this grass root design, the optimum value of △Tmin, is obtained about 10℃and area efficiency （a） is 0.95. The author also depicted the grid diagram and driving force plot for additional analysis. In order to increase the amount of energy saving, heat transfer from above to below the pinch point in the diagnosis stage is verified for all options including re-sequencing, re-piping, add heat exchanger and splitting of the flows. Results show that this network has a low potential of retrofit to decrease the energy consumption, which pinch principles are planned to optimize energy consumption of the unit. Regarding the results of pinch analysis, it is suggested that in order to reduce the energy consumption, no alternative changes in the heat exchangers network of the unit is required. The acquired results show that the constancy of network is completely confirmed by the high area efficiency infirmity of the heat exchanger to pass the pinch point and from of deriving force plot.