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城市居住区景观绿化格局改善热环境变化的遥感监测分析 被引量:22
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作者 高凯 秦俊 胡永红 《生态环境学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2012年第3期464-469,共6页
以上海中心区域同地段的独立小区为研究对象,利用遥感技术对影响居住区内热环境改善方面的几个主要关键因子(居住区面积、建筑容积率、绿化覆盖率、乔木配置和斑块破碎率)进行了分析模拟,以期为解决居住区热环境状况,提供准确、有效的... 以上海中心区域同地段的独立小区为研究对象,利用遥感技术对影响居住区内热环境改善方面的几个主要关键因子(居住区面积、建筑容积率、绿化覆盖率、乔木配置和斑块破碎率)进行了分析模拟,以期为解决居住区热环境状况,提供准确、有效的科学数据。结果表明,在区域平均气温达35℃时,居住区绿化覆盖率每增加10%,可降温0.15℃;居住区乔木面积比每增加10%,可降温0.17℃;居住区平均斑块面积每增加100 m2,可降温0.1℃。总体上,居住区的热岛效应随着绿化率、乔木比例和平均斑块面积的增加而降低,居住区温度与着绿化率、乔木比例和平均斑块面积之间存在显著的负相关,通过这3个指标拟合建立的居住区"热环境指数",可以为航片拍摄获取每个居住区的热环境状况而成为可能。 展开更多
关键词 居住区 绿化景观 热环境指数 上海
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基于CBERS-02 IRMSS和MODIS数据的地表温度反演与热环境评价 被引量:4
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作者 季青 余明 《地理与地理信息科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2009年第6期78-81,87,共5页
应用中巴资源卫星热红外遥感数据(CBERS-02 IRMSS)和普适性单通道算法反演福州市的地表温度。反演过程中使用同时相的MODIS数据在像元尺度上获取的大气水汽含量替换标准大气模拟值,参考气候资源评价中人体舒适度指数模型,建立基于地温... 应用中巴资源卫星热红外遥感数据(CBERS-02 IRMSS)和普适性单通道算法反演福州市的地表温度。反演过程中使用同时相的MODIS数据在像元尺度上获取的大气水汽含量替换标准大气模拟值,参考气候资源评价中人体舒适度指数模型,建立基于地温的热环境评价模型,并对福州城市热环境进行评级。结果表明:中巴资源卫星热红外数据对城市热岛和热环境研究具有重要的应用价值,多源遥感数据的结合可以提高地表温度的反演精度,而基于遥感反演参数的热环境指数评价方法能够较好地描述城市热环境的空间特征。 展开更多
关键词 环境评价 CBERS-02 IRMSS 地表温度 大气水汽含量 热环境指数模型
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城市土地利用的热环境效应研究--以宁波城区为例 被引量:23
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作者 谢苗苗 周伟 +1 位作者 王仰麟 常青 《北京大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2008年第5期815-821,共7页
选取宁波城区为研究对象,利用高分辨率的QUICKBIRD多光谱影像数据与Landsat ETM+热红外波段数据探求城市地区土地利用类型的热环境效应。采用剖面分析方法表征宁波城区的热环境空间分异状况;通过热环境效应总体贡献指数与面积加权贡献... 选取宁波城区为研究对象,利用高分辨率的QUICKBIRD多光谱影像数据与Landsat ETM+热红外波段数据探求城市地区土地利用类型的热环境效应。采用剖面分析方法表征宁波城区的热环境空间分异状况;通过热环境效应总体贡献指数与面积加权贡献指数定量分析各种土地利用类型对城市热环境的正负效应。结果表明宁波城区存在热岛效应,建设用地内部地表温度差异明显;工矿仓储用地、平房住宅、交通运输用地、未利用地与公共建筑用地对宁波城区热环境效应具有正向贡献,其中工矿仓储用地最为明显;水域、农用地、生活居住用地和城市绿地对于城市热环境效应具有减缓作用,其中水域最为显著。 展开更多
关键词 土地利用 地表辐射温度 环境效应贡献指数 宁波城区
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关中平原城市群夏季城市热岛特征及驱动力 被引量:22
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作者 胡李发 谢元礼 +3 位作者 崔思颖 周鹏 李云梅 孙韶启 《中国环境科学》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第8期3842-3852,共11页
以2001~2017年夏季长时间序列的MODIS地温产品及相关数据为基础,使用Mann-Kendall非参数检验与Sen’s斜率分析法揭示了关中平原城市群地表热环境的时空变化趋势,利用主成分分析法构建城市热环境指数(UTEI)来表征地区热环境的优劣,借助... 以2001~2017年夏季长时间序列的MODIS地温产品及相关数据为基础,使用Mann-Kendall非参数检验与Sen’s斜率分析法揭示了关中平原城市群地表热环境的时空变化趋势,利用主成分分析法构建城市热环境指数(UTEI)来表征地区热环境的优劣,借助地理探测器对影响地表温度(LST)的主要因子进行驱动力分析.结果表明,关中平原城市群2001~2017年间夏季白天平均LST为29.3℃,夜晚为18.3℃,白天和夜晚LST的变化率分别为-0.053和0.026℃/a,白天的降温幅度略高于夜间的增温幅度.地表热岛强度(SUHII)在17a间呈上升趋势,白天的增长速率大于夜间,老城区的SUHII大于新建城区.UTEI与LST之间存在显著的负相关,白天(P<0.05,R^(2)=0.850)和夜晚(P<0.05,R^(2)=0.624)都表现为二次曲线关系.因子探测分析表明,地表干度指数(NDBSI)、高程(DEM)与增强植被指数(EVI)是白天LST空间分异的主控因子(q>0.6),夜晚LST受夜间灯光、DEM与气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的影响更大(q>0.4).交互探测结果显示,DEM与NDBSI之间的交互效果在白天最好,DEM与夜间灯光之间的交互作用在夜间最大,任意双因子之间的交互作用优于单一因子的作用效果.本研究对于加强关中平原城市群地表热环境的监测与评价具有重要指导意义. 展开更多
关键词 Mann-Kendall非参数检验 主成分分析 城市 城市热环境指数 地理探测器
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Impacts of Park Landscape Structure on Thermal Environment Using QuickBird and Landsat Images 被引量:4
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作者 XU Xinliang CAI Hongyan +5 位作者 QIAO Zhi WANG Liang JIN Cui GE Yaning WANG Luyao XU Fengjiao 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第5期818-826,共9页
Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been g... Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been given to park landscape structure. Based on landscape metrics, this study has explored the influences of the park landscape structure on its inner thermal environment, taking heavily urbanized Beijing Municipality in China as the study area. Three indices, including the percentage of landscape (PLAND), landscape shape index (LSI) and aggregation index (AI), were used to measure the composition and configuration characteristics of the landscape components inside the parks. The indices were calculated for five landscape types being interpreted from Quickbird images. Urban thermal conditions were measured using the land surface temperature (LST) derived from Landsat TM images. The results showed that the park LST had a negative relationship with the park size, but no significant relationship was found with park shape. For the park's interior landscape, however, the configuration and composition characteristics of the landscape components inside the park explained 70% of the park LST variance. The area percentage of water bodies and the aggregation index of woodland were identified as the key influencing characteristics. In addition, when the composition and configuration characteristics of the park landscape components were separately considered, the configuration characteristics (LSI and A1) explained approximately 54% of the variance in park LST, which was comparable with that explained by the composition characteristics (PLAND). Thus, this study suggested that an effective and practical way for urban cooling park design is the optimization of spatial configuration of landscape components inside the park. 展开更多
关键词 urban park urban heat island park cooling effect landscape metrics Quickbird images BEIJING
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Numerical simulation study on the thermal environment in heading face 被引量:4
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作者 ZHAO Fu-jun HUANG Shou-yuan +1 位作者 SHEN Pei-wen LI Yan-bo 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2010年第3期272-276,共5页
Based on κ-ε turbulence model, the distributions of the velocity field, tempera- ture field, thermal comfort index, PMV-PPD (Predicted Mean Vote-Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied), and air quality index, mean age ... Based on κ-ε turbulence model, the distributions of the velocity field, tempera- ture field, thermal comfort index, PMV-PPD (Predicted Mean Vote-Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied), and air quality index, mean age of air were obtained of Zhouyuanshan Coal Mine in -650 m level of a heading face by CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)software, Airpak 2.0. Moreover, the human thermal comfort and the air quality of the heading face were analyzed with PMV-PPD and mean age of air indices, which received an intuitive visualization and accurate evaluation results. In order to create a safe, comfortable, and economical underground operating environment, a scientific, rational, and comprehensive prediction and evaluation needed to provide a theoretical and technical basis for coal mine ventilation, cooling, heat harm treatment, and prevention. Meanwhile, from the human thermal comfort and air quality to research the underground environment, it embodied the concept of being human oriented. 展开更多
关键词 thermal environment heading face thermal comfort predicted mean vote- predicted percentage dissatisfied indices mean age of air
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Influence of urbanization on the thermal environment of meteorological station:Satellite-observed evidence 被引量:8
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作者 SHI Tao HUANG Yong +2 位作者 WANG Hong SHI Chun-E YANG Yuan-Jian 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第1期7-15,共9页
In this paper, five national meteorological stations in Anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. S... In this paper, five national meteorological stations in Anhui province are taken as typical examples to explore the effects of local urbanization on their thermal environment by using Landsat data from 1990 to 2010. Satellite-based land use/land cover(LULC), land surface temperature(LST), normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) are used to investigate the effects. The study shows that LULC around meteorological stations changed significantly due to urban expansion. Fast urbanization is the main factor that affects the spatial-temporal distribution of thermal environment around meteorological stations. Moreover, the normalized LST and NDVI exhibit strong inverse correlations around meteorological stations, so the variability of LST can be monitored through evaluating the variability of NDVI. In addition, station-relocation plays an important role in improving representativeness of thermal environment. Notably, the environment representativeness was improved, but when using the data from the station to study climate change, the relocation-induced inhomogeneous data should be considered and adjusted. Consequently,controlling the scale and layout of the urban buildings and constructions around meteorological stations is an effective method to ameliorate observational thermal environment and to improve regional representativeness of station observation. The present work provides observational evidences that high resolution Landsat images can be used to evaluate the thermal environment of meteorological stations. 展开更多
关键词 URBANIZATION Thermal environment REPRESENTATIVENESS Land surface temperature Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
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呼和浩特市城市空间扩展的热岛效应研究 被引量:4
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作者 峰一 甄江红 +2 位作者 董茜 陶云 冯琰玮 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2018年第5期45-51,共7页
本文以呼和浩特市区为研究对象,选取1987年、1990年、2001年、2010年和2016年共5期的影像作为数据源。进行不同土地利用类型分类,采用单窗算法反演出地表温度,对比各土地利用类型之间的地表温度和对热环境的影响程度,并进一步分析城市... 本文以呼和浩特市区为研究对象,选取1987年、1990年、2001年、2010年和2016年共5期的影像作为数据源。进行不同土地利用类型分类,采用单窗算法反演出地表温度,对比各土地利用类型之间的地表温度和对热环境的影响程度,并进一步分析城市空间扩展与热岛效应之间的关系。得出各土地利用类型的地表温度具有明显差异,建设用地和未利用土地温度高,耕地温度最低。从各土地利用类型对热环境影响程度来看,建设用地和耕地的热效应贡献度较大,其次是未利用地、水域和林地,草地贡献度最小。1987—2016年热岛中心迁移方向与城市重心迁移方向一致,表明城市扩展与热岛效应扩散趋势具有空间一致性。 展开更多
关键词 地表温度 环境影响指数 岛重心 城市重心
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