Our knowledge of the identity and distribution of most species on earth is remarkably poor. Species in hotspots tend to be scarce within their range which increases their probability of extinction. In this study, we u...Our knowledge of the identity and distribution of most species on earth is remarkably poor. Species in hotspots tend to be scarce within their range which increases their probability of extinction. In this study, we used ecological niche modeling （ENM） to estimate dimensions of realized niches of 4 species that are totally （Physopelta robusta St^l and Physopelta slanbuschii Fabricius） or partially （Physopelta cincticollis StS,1 and Physopelta quadriguttata Bergroth） distributed in the Indo-Myanmar and South Central China hotspot, and predicted additional sites where they might be found. Our findings suggest that the range of the 4 species could extend beyond their presently known distributions, which might be useful for future field surveys. Niche overlap was modeled between the 4 species, with R slanbuschii and R robusta showing more tolerance to temperature and P quadriguttata and P. slanbuschii more tolerance to precipitation. This study presents one more case study which highlights the ecological approach for taxonomic study in biodiversity conservation, especially of poorly, little known, and localized endemic species.展开更多
A scheme is proposed to generate W state with qubits of superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs）, based on adiabatic passage along dark state. Taking advantages of adiabatic passage, the scheme is very ...A scheme is proposed to generate W state with qubits of superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs）, based on adiabatic passage along dark state. Taking advantages of adiabatic passage, the scheme is very robust against decoherence, and it does not need to control the classical field and the interaction time accurately. Because of the achievable strong coupling between SQUID qubits and cavity, W state can be generated with high successful probability.展开更多
Understanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains central in ecology.Many hypotheses have been proposed,including hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,tropical niche conservatism hypothesis,Janze...Understanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains central in ecology.Many hypotheses have been proposed,including hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,tropical niche conservatism hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and a combination model containing energy,water,seasonality and habitat heterogeneity.Yet,their relative contributions to groups with different lifeforms and range sizes remain controversial,which have limited our ability to understand the general mechanisms underlying species richness patterns.Here we evaluated how lifeforms and species range sizes influenced the relative contributions of these three hypotheses to species richness patterns of a tropical family Moraceae.The distribution data of Moraceae species at a spatial resolution of 50 km×50 km and their lifeforms(i.e.shrubs,small trees and large trees)were compiled.The species richness patterns were estimated for the entire family,different life forms and species with different range sizes separately.The effects of environmental variables on species richness were analyzed,and relative contributions of different hypotheses were evaluated across life forms and species range size groups.The species richness patterns were consistent across different species groups and the species richness was the highest in Sichuan,Guangzhou and Hainan provinces,making these provinces the hotspots of this family.Climate seasonality is the primary factor in determining richness variation of Moraceae.The best combination model gave the largest explanatory power for Moraceae species richness across each group of range size and life forms followed by the hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and tropical niche conservatism hypothesis.All these models has a large shared effects but a low independent effect(<5%),except rare species.These findings suggest unique patterns and mechanisms underlying rare species richness and provide a theoretical basis for protection of the Moraceae species in China.展开更多
基金supported by a postdoctoral fellowship award to GZ in Nankai University (2012M510744)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071959,J0630963)
文摘Our knowledge of the identity and distribution of most species on earth is remarkably poor. Species in hotspots tend to be scarce within their range which increases their probability of extinction. In this study, we used ecological niche modeling （ENM） to estimate dimensions of realized niches of 4 species that are totally （Physopelta robusta St^l and Physopelta slanbuschii Fabricius） or partially （Physopelta cincticollis StS,1 and Physopelta quadriguttata Bergroth） distributed in the Indo-Myanmar and South Central China hotspot, and predicted additional sites where they might be found. Our findings suggest that the range of the 4 species could extend beyond their presently known distributions, which might be useful for future field surveys. Niche overlap was modeled between the 4 species, with R slanbuschii and R robusta showing more tolerance to temperature and P quadriguttata and P. slanbuschii more tolerance to precipitation. This study presents one more case study which highlights the ecological approach for taxonomic study in biodiversity conservation, especially of poorly, little known, and localized endemic species.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Educational Committee of Fujian Province under Grant Nos.JB09012 and JB09013
文摘A scheme is proposed to generate W state with qubits of superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs）, based on adiabatic passage along dark state. Taking advantages of adiabatic passage, the scheme is very robust against decoherence, and it does not need to control the classical field and the interaction time accurately. Because of the achievable strong coupling between SQUID qubits and cavity, W state can be generated with high successful probability.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31000000)National Key Research Development Program of China(2017YFA0605101,2017YFC0505203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32C125026,31988102,31770566).
文摘Understanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains central in ecology.Many hypotheses have been proposed,including hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,tropical niche conservatism hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and a combination model containing energy,water,seasonality and habitat heterogeneity.Yet,their relative contributions to groups with different lifeforms and range sizes remain controversial,which have limited our ability to understand the general mechanisms underlying species richness patterns.Here we evaluated how lifeforms and species range sizes influenced the relative contributions of these three hypotheses to species richness patterns of a tropical family Moraceae.The distribution data of Moraceae species at a spatial resolution of 50 km×50 km and their lifeforms(i.e.shrubs,small trees and large trees)were compiled.The species richness patterns were estimated for the entire family,different life forms and species with different range sizes separately.The effects of environmental variables on species richness were analyzed,and relative contributions of different hypotheses were evaluated across life forms and species range size groups.The species richness patterns were consistent across different species groups and the species richness was the highest in Sichuan,Guangzhou and Hainan provinces,making these provinces the hotspots of this family.Climate seasonality is the primary factor in determining richness variation of Moraceae.The best combination model gave the largest explanatory power for Moraceae species richness across each group of range size and life forms followed by the hydrothermal dynamic hypothesis,Janzen’s hypothesis and tropical niche conservatism hypothesis.All these models has a large shared effects but a low independent effect(<5%),except rare species.These findings suggest unique patterns and mechanisms underlying rare species richness and provide a theoretical basis for protection of the Moraceae species in China.
