风电出力的随机性与波动性,进一步加剧了以燃煤发电机组为主的中国北方电网的运行调峰问题。我国北方地区同时存在着大规模的风电机组和高比例的热电联产机组,因而面对巨大的采暖需求和风电消纳问题,传统的调度运行方法难以应对。对此,...风电出力的随机性与波动性,进一步加剧了以燃煤发电机组为主的中国北方电网的运行调峰问题。我国北方地区同时存在着大规模的风电机组和高比例的热电联产机组,因而面对巨大的采暖需求和风电消纳问题,传统的调度运行方法难以应对。对此,提出大规模风电并网下多区域互联系统的热电综合调度模型。模型以最小化多区域互联系统期望总能耗为目标,考虑了风电的随机性,利用A R M A（auto-regressive and moving average）模型和Monte Carlo方法模拟生成大量风电场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有较好代表性的有限场景集合。同时,模型打破＂以热定电＂的传统热电机组调度方法,并根据热能无法远距离传输,进行热电分区,将热能就地平衡,并考虑多区域互联的联络线约束,利用混合整数规划得到各场景下各类型机组及热电设备的日运行情况,由此分析热电综合调度模型对风电消纳做出的贡献。算例分析验证了所提模型与算法的有效性和实用性,可为我国多能互补产业的发展提供借鉴。展开更多
Hot stamping 22MnB5 steel plate with ultra-high strength has been widely used for body structural members in consideration of automobile safety and lightweight.This paper presents a verification program of simulating ...Hot stamping 22MnB5 steel plate with ultra-high strength has been widely used for body structural members in consideration of automobile safety and lightweight.This paper presents a verification program of simulating and testing pole impact in order to verify if the front crossbeam reinforcement assembly can meet the design requirements,reduce the overall vehicle simulation and test cost and shorten the operation period.In the same condition,the simulation proved conforming to the design requirements;however,the bumper cracked at the impacting point in the course of pole impact test.The analysis of the crack by optical microscope,Vickers and scanning electron microscope indicates that mixture of ferrite,bainite and martensite was produced in the weld heat-affected zone of the 340/590DP tow hook holder and the 22MnB5 front crossbeam;therefore,their hardness and mechanical property were reduced obviously,so that they fractured when impacted.No welding process with continuous weld but spot welding or other bonding method may be employed for the reason that the capacity of the 22MnB5 steel plate in the weld heat-affected zone was reduced obviously.展开更多
文摘风电出力的随机性与波动性,进一步加剧了以燃煤发电机组为主的中国北方电网的运行调峰问题。我国北方地区同时存在着大规模的风电机组和高比例的热电联产机组,因而面对巨大的采暖需求和风电消纳问题,传统的调度运行方法难以应对。对此,提出大规模风电并网下多区域互联系统的热电综合调度模型。模型以最小化多区域互联系统期望总能耗为目标,考虑了风电的随机性,利用A R M A（auto-regressive and moving average）模型和Monte Carlo方法模拟生成大量风电场景,并基于场景削减技术得到具有较好代表性的有限场景集合。同时,模型打破＂以热定电＂的传统热电机组调度方法,并根据热能无法远距离传输,进行热电分区,将热能就地平衡,并考虑多区域互联的联络线约束,利用混合整数规划得到各场景下各类型机组及热电设备的日运行情况,由此分析热电综合调度模型对风电消纳做出的贡献。算例分析验证了所提模型与算法的有效性和实用性,可为我国多能互补产业的发展提供借鉴。
基金"Twelfth Five-year Plan"for Sci & Tech Research of China(No.2011BAG03B02No.2011BAG03B06)
文摘Hot stamping 22MnB5 steel plate with ultra-high strength has been widely used for body structural members in consideration of automobile safety and lightweight.This paper presents a verification program of simulating and testing pole impact in order to verify if the front crossbeam reinforcement assembly can meet the design requirements,reduce the overall vehicle simulation and test cost and shorten the operation period.In the same condition,the simulation proved conforming to the design requirements;however,the bumper cracked at the impacting point in the course of pole impact test.The analysis of the crack by optical microscope,Vickers and scanning electron microscope indicates that mixture of ferrite,bainite and martensite was produced in the weld heat-affected zone of the 340/590DP tow hook holder and the 22MnB5 front crossbeam;therefore,their hardness and mechanical property were reduced obviously,so that they fractured when impacted.No welding process with continuous weld but spot welding or other bonding method may be employed for the reason that the capacity of the 22MnB5 steel plate in the weld heat-affected zone was reduced obviously.
