帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe,PSP)是以现代太阳风和磁重联理论的奠基人——尤金·纽曼·帕克(Eugene Newman Parker)命名的航天器,将穿过太阳的日冕层,探测人类从未探测过的区域,对日冕和太阳风的起源和动力学特征进行...帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe,PSP)是以现代太阳风和磁重联理论的奠基人——尤金·纽曼·帕克(Eugene Newman Parker)命名的航天器,将穿过太阳的日冕层,探测人类从未探测过的区域,对日冕和太阳风的起源和动力学特征进行直接探测,有望破解日冕高温和太阳风加速度奇高这两大谜团,其热防护系统遇到的困难和挑战远超目前所有航天器。首先介绍了探测太阳的意义和帕克太阳探测器的科学目标,然后简述了帕克太阳探测器轨道和轨道热环境并指出热防护的难点。分析了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统的结构,然后详细阐述了热防护系统的热盾及迎日涂层、太阳能电池板及冷却系统设计,最后总结了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统对我国抵近太阳探测器热防护系统设计的启示。展开更多
Considering the coupled heat transfer effect induced by parallel cross-river road tunnels, the long-term soil temperature variations of shallow sections of cross-river tunnels under the river beach are predicted using...Considering the coupled heat transfer effect induced by parallel cross-river road tunnels, the long-term soil temperature variations of shallow sections of cross-river tunnels under the river beach are predicted using the finite difference method for numerical simulation. The boundary conditions and the initial values are determined by in situ observations and numerical iterations.The simulation results indicate that the ultimate calculated steady heat transfer time is 68 years, and most of the heat transfer is completed in 20 years.The initial constant temperature soil surrounding the tunnels is transformed to an annually variable one.An obvious temperature-varying region of the surrounding soil is discovered within 5 m from the tunnel exterior, as well as within the entire range of soil between the two tunnels.The maximum temperature increase value reaches 7.14 ℃ and the maximum peak-to-valley value of annual temperature increase reaches 10 ℃.The temperature variation of soils surrounding tunnels below 10 m is completely controlled by the heat transfer from the tunnels.The coupled heat transfer effect is confirmed because the ultimate steady temperature of soil between the two tunnels is higher than the ones along other positions.Moreover, the regression model comprising a series of univariate functions is proposed for the annual soil temperature fluctuation estimation for the locations varied distances around the tunnel.This investigation is beneficial to gain an insight into the long-term variation tendencies of local engineering geological conditions of the river beach above shallow sections of the cross-river road tunnels.展开更多
文摘帕克太阳探测器(Parker Solar Probe,PSP)是以现代太阳风和磁重联理论的奠基人——尤金·纽曼·帕克(Eugene Newman Parker)命名的航天器,将穿过太阳的日冕层,探测人类从未探测过的区域,对日冕和太阳风的起源和动力学特征进行直接探测,有望破解日冕高温和太阳风加速度奇高这两大谜团,其热防护系统遇到的困难和挑战远超目前所有航天器。首先介绍了探测太阳的意义和帕克太阳探测器的科学目标,然后简述了帕克太阳探测器轨道和轨道热环境并指出热防护的难点。分析了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统的结构,然后详细阐述了热防护系统的热盾及迎日涂层、太阳能电池板及冷却系统设计,最后总结了帕克太阳探测器热防护系统对我国抵近太阳探测器热防护系统设计的启示。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40902076)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20141224)
文摘Considering the coupled heat transfer effect induced by parallel cross-river road tunnels, the long-term soil temperature variations of shallow sections of cross-river tunnels under the river beach are predicted using the finite difference method for numerical simulation. The boundary conditions and the initial values are determined by in situ observations and numerical iterations.The simulation results indicate that the ultimate calculated steady heat transfer time is 68 years, and most of the heat transfer is completed in 20 years.The initial constant temperature soil surrounding the tunnels is transformed to an annually variable one.An obvious temperature-varying region of the surrounding soil is discovered within 5 m from the tunnel exterior, as well as within the entire range of soil between the two tunnels.The maximum temperature increase value reaches 7.14 ℃ and the maximum peak-to-valley value of annual temperature increase reaches 10 ℃.The temperature variation of soils surrounding tunnels below 10 m is completely controlled by the heat transfer from the tunnels.The coupled heat transfer effect is confirmed because the ultimate steady temperature of soil between the two tunnels is higher than the ones along other positions.Moreover, the regression model comprising a series of univariate functions is proposed for the annual soil temperature fluctuation estimation for the locations varied distances around the tunnel.This investigation is beneficial to gain an insight into the long-term variation tendencies of local engineering geological conditions of the river beach above shallow sections of the cross-river road tunnels.
