考虑热能输运动态特性的电–热综合能源系统优化调度方法

提出考虑热能输运动态特性的电-热综合能源系统(integrated energy systems,IES)优化调度方法。首先针对热网的延时和储热等动态特性,提出一种热能输运准动态模型,分析了热网的虚拟储能潜力;进而结合能源设备模型,提出一种考虑热能输运动态特性的电-热IES优化调度方法,将热网作为调度资源参与到电-热IES优化运行中,实现对热网虚拟储能的调度利用。仿真结果表明,该方法由于考虑了热能传输动态特性,可充分发掘热网虚拟储能在分时电价的激励下,参与电-热IES经济优化运行的调节潜力,有效利用电、热系统的互补特性,降低IES运行成本。

基于不同海洋再分析资料的吕宋海峡热能输送及其变化

【目的】揭示吕宋海峡热能输运的季节和年际变化特征,并评估不同海洋再分析资料计算结果的异同。【方法】基于CMEMS的1993-2019年四套海洋再分析资料,通过对比分析,研究吕宋海峡120.75oE剖面热能输运的季节和年际变化特征。【结果】通过吕宋海峡的热能输送主要发生在500 m以浅,呈“流套型”或者“弯曲型”结构。净的热能输送以输入南海为主,夏季微弱净流出,其他季节是净流入,冬季最强。吕宋海峡净热输运年际变化存在约6 a周期,与ENSO显著正相关(P<0.05),在ENSO发展期的10月份和衰退期的4月份相关系数最高。【结论】吕宋海峡净热输运及相关流场和混合层的季节变化受南海季风和海洋环境季节变化影响显著,在年际尺度主要体现为与ENSO相关的变化特征。四套资料在描述吕宋海峡热能输运的季节和年际变化方面有较好的一致性,但是在输运强度和流场结构变化方面存在显著差异,其中FOAM资料的差异性较为明显。

基于熵指标的热能传输动态特性建模与仿真分析

为研究集中供热管网的物理特性和动态热力特性,以熵的输运为基础,基于传热规律和热力学定律提出温度-广义熵流模型。类比经典电路分析理论,以温度为强度量,熵流为广延量,建立热能传输的分布参数电路等值模型和集中参数模型,对热能传输过程中的损耗和时延特性进行精确建模。所得模型通过与热路供热流动的偏微分方程求解结果进行对比,验证了模型的正确性。另外,利用能量守恒定律和熵的不守恒原理,以熵为标度,提出热网中管道和节点处可用热功率及其损失的计算方法,衡量热网中热能传输过程中能量的数量与品质,可直观展示热网中热能可用功率的变化情况。

消防服热力学体系的传热机理分析

消防服有隔绝热源、保护消防员的作用,新角度下消防服热传递机理分析有助于改进设计和提升热防护性能。构建一个消防服系统与火场进行能量交换的热力学体系,探究了该系统中热动微团的分子运动形式及粒子热动能输运模型;剖析了消防服作为高温火场与低温"消防服系统"界面时的传热模型;论述了火场环境中消防服的传热机理;从燃烧和热能输运角度分析了消防服阻燃机理,提出了一些初步的热力学阻燃体系构建思路。这为进一步的消防服传热机理研究奠定基础,也为热防护服的服装结构、面料、纤维等开发设计提供参考。

Studies on Partial Molar Volumes of Some Amino Acids and Their Groups in Aqueous Solutions from 293.15K to 333.15K

Densities of aqueous solutions of eight amino acids, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-arginine and L-phenylalanine, are measured as a function of amino acid concentration from 293.15K to 333.15K. These data are used to calculate the apparent molar volume Vφ and infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφo (partial molar volume). Data of five amino acids are used to correlate partial molar volume Vφo usinggroup contribution method to estimate the contributions of the zwitterionic end groups (NH3+,COO-) and CH2 group, OH group, CNHNHNH2 group and C6H5(phenyl) group of amino acids. The results show that Vφo values for all kinds of groups of amino acids studied increase with increase of temperature except those for CH2 group, which are almost constant within the studied temperature range. Data of other amino acids, L-valine, L-isoleucine and L-threonine, are chosen for comparison with the predicted partial molar volume Vφo using the group additivity parameters obtained. The results confirm that this group additivity method has excellent predictive utility.

Magneto-enhanced electro-thermal conversion performance

Synergistically regulating carrier and phonon transport on the nanoscale is extremely difficult for all thermoelectric(TE)materials without cage structures.Herein BaFe_(12)O_(19)/Bi_(2)Te_(2.5)Se_(0.5)thermoelectromagnetic nanocomposites are designed and synthesized as a benchmarking example to simultaneously tailor the transport properties on the nanoscale.A magneto-trapped carrier effect induced by BaFe_(12)O_(19)hard-magnetic nanoparticles(NPs)is discovered,which can lower the carrier concentration of n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.5)Se_(0.5)matrix by 16%,and increase the Seebeck coefficient by 16%.Meanwhile,BaFe_(12)O_(19)NPs provide phonon scattering centers and reduce the thermal conductivity by 12%.As a result,the ZT value of the nanocomposites is enhanced by more than 25%in the range of 300-450 K,and the cooling temperature difference increases by 65%near room temperature.This work greatly broadens the commercial application potential of ntype Bi_(2)Te_(2.5)Se_(0.5),and demonstrates magneto-trapped carrier effect as a universal strategy to enhance the electro-thermal conversion performance of TE materials with high carrier concentration.

Experimental study of viscosity characteristics of hightemperature heat transfer molten salts

In this paper several kinds of high temperature molten salts were investigated experimentally on viscosity-temperature characteristics with high-temperature viscometer.The viscosities of the molten salts were measured and compared with those from references to verify the reliability of the viscometer and measuring methods,and a good agreement was observed from the comparisons.Then,two new high-temperature molten salts were made from the HITEC salt by some additives and the viscosity-temperature profiles of them were obtained by experiments.The results show that the new molten salts have much lower viscosities,thus suitable for reducing the flow resistance in transportation system of high-temperature solar thermal power generation.

Complete thermoelectric benchmarking of individual InSb nanowires using combined micro-Raman and electric transport analysis

Nanowires （NWs） are ideal nanostructures for exploring the effects of low dimensionality and thermal conductivity suppression on thermoelectric behavior. However, it is challenging to accurately measure temperature gradients and heat flow in such systems. Here, using a combination of spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements, we determine all the thermoelectric properties of single Se-doped InSb NWs and quantify the figure of merit ZT. The measured laser-induced heating in the NWs and associated electrical response are well described by a 1D heat equation model. Our method allows the determination of the thermal contact resistances at the source and drain electrodes of the NW, which are negligible in our system. The measured thermoelectric parameters of InSb NWs agree well with those obtained based on field-effect transistor Seebeck measurements.

Phonon Excitation and Energy Redistribution in Phonon Space for Energy Dissipation and Transport in Lattice Structure with Nonlinear Dispersion

We first propose fundamental solutions of wave propagation in dispersive chain subject to a localized initial perturbation in the displacement. Analytical solutions are obtained for both second order nonlinear dispersive chain and homogenous harmonic chain using stationary phase approximation. Solution is also compared with numerical results from molecular dynamics （MD） simulations. Locally dominant phonon modes （k-space） are introduced based on these solutions. These locally defined spatially and temporally varying phonon modes k（x, t） are critical to the concept of the local thermodynamic equilibrium （LTE）. Wave propagation accompanying with the nonequilibrium dynamics leads to the excitation of these locally defined phonon modes. It is found that the system energy is gradually redistributed among these excited phonons modes （k-space）. This redistribution process is only possible with nonlinear dispersion and requires a finite amount of time to achieve a steady state distribution. This time scale is dependent on the spatial distribution （or frequency content） of the initial perturbation and the dispersion relation. Sharper and more concentrated perturbation leads to a faster energy redistribution and dissipation. This energy redistribution generates localized phonons with various frequencies that can be important for phonon-phonon interaction and energy dissipation in nonlinear systems. Depending on the initial perturbation and temperature, the time scale associated with this energy distribution can be critical for energy dissipation compared to the Umklapp scattering process. Ballistic type of heat transport along the harmonic chain reveals that at any given position, the lowest mode （k = O） is excited first and gradually expanding to the highest mode （km^（x,t））, where km^（x,t） can only asymptotically approach the maximum mode kB of the first Brillouin zone （kmax（x,t） --~ kB）. NO energy distributed into modes with k_max（x,t） 〈 k 〈 k^B demonstrates that the local thermodynamic equilibrium cannot be established in harmonic chain. Energy is shown to be uniformly distributed in all available phonon modes k ≤ _max（x, t） at any position with heat transfer along the harmonic chain. The energy flux along the chain is shown to be a constant with time and proportional to the sound speed （ballistic transport）. Comparison with the Fourier＇s law leads to a time-dependent thermal conductivity that diverges with time.

Electrical and thermal transport properties of CdO ceramics

High temperature electrical and thermal transport properties,that is,electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity,of CdO ceramics have been investigated.Because of the good electrical properties and low thermal conductivity,the dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT of the CdO ceramics reaches 0.34 at 1023 K.This value is comparable to the best reported ZT for the n-type oxide ceramic thermoelectric materials and remains as potential to be further improved by porosity controlling or nanostructuring.