城市污水污泥的热解动力学特性研究

采用差示热天平获得上海程桥污水处理厂污泥的TG、DTG曲线,对干燥污泥的热解行为及其动力学规律采用热重分析法进行了研究。实验结果表明:干燥污泥的热解过程中有2个失重速率比较高的区域,这2个区域以挥发分的析出为主。通过热重分析法,求解了这2个区域的化学反应动力学参数——频率因子A和活化能E,对其反应机理进行了分析。

制革污泥热解动力学研究

利用差示热天平获得制革污泥的热重曲线(TG)、微商热重曲线(DTG),对制革污泥的热解行为及其动力学规律采用热重分析法进行了研究。从热失重曲线图中可以看出:干燥污泥的热解过程中有2个失重速率比较高的区域,这2个区域以挥发分的析出为主。通过热重分析法,求解了这2个区域的化学反应动力学参数活化能E,对其反应机理进行了分析。得出结论:290℃为此种制革污泥制油的最佳反应温度;反应级数为2时,函数相关系数最好;40K/min为整个反应的最佳升温速率。

剩余污泥的热解反应动力学研究

采用差热天平对南昌市青山湖污水厂的2种剩余污泥(消化前和消化后)进行TG-DTG-DSC实验。实验结果表明:未经消化的干基污泥的热解过程中有2个失重峰值。利用实验结果对2种干基污泥的热解表象及其动力学规律进行了研究。求解了2种污泥的化学反应动力学参数———频率因子A、活化能E及反应级数n,得到热解动力学方程。

垃圾典型组分混合热解特性的实验研究

为揭示不同垃圾单组分对整体热解动力学特性的影响,通过自行设计的大物量热重分析装置就垃圾典型组分的混和热解特性进行了实验研究;并采用最小二乘法建立了热解反应动力学模型。并列出了双组分混合热解实验部分的实验结果及模型计算结果,两者吻合较好,为进一步建立垃圾综合热解神经网络模型奠定了基础。

Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Methyl Oleate Based on TG-FTIR Method

The thermal decomposition characteristics of methyl oleate were preliminarily investigated under nitrogen atmo-sphere by a thermogravimetric analyzer when the ester was heated at a heating rate of 10℃/min from room temperature to 600℃. Furthermore, the pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of methyl oleate were intensively studied at different heating rates. The gaseous species obtained during thermal decomposition were also identiifed by the TG-FTIR coupling analysis. The results showed that the pyrolysis of methyl oleate proceeded in three stages, viz. the drying stage, the main pyrolysis stage and the residual pyrolysis stage. The initial decomposition temperature, the maximum weight loss temperature, the peak decomposition temperature and the rate of maximum weight loss of methyl oleate increased with the increasing heating rates. Gaseous CO, CO2 and H2O were the typical decomposition products from pyrolysis of methyl oleate. In addition, a kinetic model for thermal decomposition of methyl oleate was built up based on the experimental results using the Coats-Redfern integral method and the multiplelinear regression method. The activation energy, the preexponential factor, the reaction order and the kinetic equation for thermal decomposition of methyl oleate were obtained. Comparison of the experimental data with the calculated ones and analysis of statistical errors of pyrolysis ratios demonstrated that the kinetic model was reliable for studying the pyrolysis of methyl oleate. Finally, the kinetic compensation effect between the preexponential factors and the activation energy in the pyrolysis of methyl oleate was also conifrmed.

Pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of the marine green tide macroalgae, Enteromorpha prolifera

The marine macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera was one of the main algal genera that occurred in the widespread green tides in Qingdao, China, during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. It is thus a plentiful source of biomass and could be used as a biofuel. In this study, the pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of E. prolifera were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Cornstalk and sawdust were used as comparisons. Pyrolytic characteristics were studied using TG-DTG (thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry) curves. Three stages in the pyrolytic process were determined: dehydration, dramatic weight loss and slow weight loss. E. prolifera was pyrolyzed at a lower initial temperature than the two terrestrial biomass forms. The apparent activation energy values for the three types of biomass were calculated and the mechanism functions were determined using 16 different mechanism functions, frequently used in thermal kinetics analysis. Activation energy values varied with mechanism function and the range of activation energy values for E. prolifera, cornstalk, and sawdust were 25-50 kJ/mol, 60-90 kJ/mol and 120-155 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicates that E. prolifera has low thermal stability for pyrolysis and good combustion characteristics.

Synthesis, characterization of monodispersed MgO microspheres and thermal decomposition kinetics of its precusor

Monodispersed MgO microspheres were successfully synthesized by a simple solvothermal method using PEG-400 as solvent. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results reveal that the precusor was monoclinic Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O and composed of nanosheets with the thickness of about 250 nm. By calcining the precusor at 500 °C for 5 min, cubic MgO with similar morphology was obtained. According to the SEM images, it is found that the volume ratio of PEG-400 to deionized water is considered as a crucial factor in the evolution of the morphology. Based on the SEM images obtained under different experimental conditions, a possible growth mechanism which involves self-assembly process was proposed. The thermal decomposition process of MgO precusor was studied by thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry(TG-DTG) at different heating rates in air. Thermal analysis kinetics results show that the most probale mechanism models of MgO precusor are An and D3, respectively. In addition, isothermal prediction was studied to quantitatively characterize the thermal decomposition process.