Three different preparation methods including steam physical activation, catalytic carbonation and KOH chemical activation methods were used to prepare municipal solid waste- based carbon materials. The methylene blue...Three different preparation methods including steam physical activation, catalytic carbonation and KOH chemical activation methods were used to prepare municipal solid waste- based carbon materials. The methylene blue （MB） adsorption value was applied to evaluate the adsorption capabilities of the prepared carbon materials. The effects of preparation methods on adsorption capability and yield of products were investigated. The yield of carbon materials with the catalytic carbonation method is the highest, and the KOH activation method is the second level. Considering the adsorption performance, the KOH activation method is much more favorable. Among the different components of municipal solid waste-based carbon materials, the adsorption properties of the single component of paperboard, the double components of tire and paperboard, the triple components of tire, paperboard and polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, and the multi-component mixtures are better than those of other single-, double-, triple- and multi-component mixtures, respectively.展开更多
To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of preparation process of sludge-based activated carbon by ZnCl2 activation method （i.e.the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation）,the characteris...To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of preparation process of sludge-based activated carbon by ZnCl2 activation method （i.e.the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation）,the characteristic of mass loss and gas products generated during pyrolysis of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （TG-FTIR）.The kinetic parameters were calculated by the Coats-Redfem method and the mechanism models were established.The role of ZnCl2 in the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation was also illustrated through the comparison of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of the sludge with and without ZnCl2 activation.The results showed that the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation can be divided into four stages including the dehydration of sludge and initial depolymerization of a small portion of organics matters,the decomposition of large molecular organic matters into small molecular intermediates,the further degradation of intermediates and volatilization of ZnCl2,and the decomposition of inorganic minerals and undecomposed organic matters.CO2,CO,CH4,H2O,some aldehydes and carboxylic acids are the major pyrolysis gaseous products.The activation energies and pre-exponential factors are in the range of 28.84-206.42 kJ/mol and 9885.16-8.08× 1011 min-1,respectively.During the pyrolysis of sludge,ZnC12 not only can function as a dehydration agent and inhibit the formation of tar,but also can peptize the organic matters in the sludge,making them easier to be decomposed.展开更多
The marine macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera was one of the main algal genera that occurred in the widespread green tides in Qingdao, China, during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. It is thus a plentiful source of ...The marine macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera was one of the main algal genera that occurred in the widespread green tides in Qingdao, China, during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. It is thus a plentiful source of biomass and could be used as a biofuel. In this study, the pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of E. prolifera were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Cornstalk and sawdust were used as comparisons. Pyrolytic characteristics were studied using TG-DTG (thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry) curves. Three stages in the pyrolytic process were determined: dehydration, dramatic weight loss and slow weight loss. E. prolifera was pyrolyzed at a lower initial temperature than the two terrestrial biomass forms. The apparent activation energy values for the three types of biomass were calculated and the mechanism functions were determined using 16 different mechanism functions, frequently used in thermal kinetics analysis. Activation energy values varied with mechanism function and the range of activation energy values for E. prolifera, cornstalk, and sawdust were 25-50 kJ/mol, 60-90 kJ/mol and 120-155 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicates that E. prolifera has low thermal stability for pyrolysis and good combustion characteristics.展开更多
In this paper,13 kinds of transition metals are studied as catalysts for the hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis, and relationships between the catalytic activity of a transition metal and its outer electron confi...In this paper,13 kinds of transition metals are studied as catalysts for the hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis, and relationships between the catalytic activity of a transition metal and its outer electron configuration,d% of transition metals and geometric configuration are summarized.Experimental results show that the same group of transition metals show good similarity for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis;the d%of transition metals which have activity for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis is between 40%-50%;all transition metals which have catalytic activity possess either a face-centered cubic or a hexagonal crystal structure.Therefore,it is important to choose a transition metal with an appropriate d%and crystal structure as the catalyst for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51576048)the Environmental Protection Subject Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.2015013)+3 种基金the Industry,Education and Research Prospective Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2015060-04)the Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation(No.142026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesProgram for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-12-0118)
文摘Three different preparation methods including steam physical activation, catalytic carbonation and KOH chemical activation methods were used to prepare municipal solid waste- based carbon materials. The methylene blue （MB） adsorption value was applied to evaluate the adsorption capabilities of the prepared carbon materials. The effects of preparation methods on adsorption capability and yield of products were investigated. The yield of carbon materials with the catalytic carbonation method is the highest, and the KOH activation method is the second level. Considering the adsorption performance, the KOH activation method is much more favorable. Among the different components of municipal solid waste-based carbon materials, the adsorption properties of the single component of paperboard, the double components of tire and paperboard, the triple components of tire, paperboard and polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, and the multi-component mixtures are better than those of other single-, double-, triple- and multi-component mixtures, respectively.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51008106)
文摘To obtain the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of preparation process of sludge-based activated carbon by ZnCl2 activation method （i.e.the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation）,the characteristic of mass loss and gas products generated during pyrolysis of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （TG-FTIR）.The kinetic parameters were calculated by the Coats-Redfem method and the mechanism models were established.The role of ZnCl2 in the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation was also illustrated through the comparison of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of the sludge with and without ZnCl2 activation.The results showed that the pyrolysis process of the sludge with ZnCl2 activation can be divided into four stages including the dehydration of sludge and initial depolymerization of a small portion of organics matters,the decomposition of large molecular organic matters into small molecular intermediates,the further degradation of intermediates and volatilization of ZnCl2,and the decomposition of inorganic minerals and undecomposed organic matters.CO2,CO,CH4,H2O,some aldehydes and carboxylic acids are the major pyrolysis gaseous products.The activation energies and pre-exponential factors are in the range of 28.84-206.42 kJ/mol and 9885.16-8.08× 1011 min-1,respectively.During the pyrolysis of sludge,ZnC12 not only can function as a dehydration agent and inhibit the formation of tar,but also can peptize the organic matters in the sludge,making them easier to be decomposed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21076117)Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (Nos. J09LC22 and J10LC15)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-209)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Kf201016)
文摘The marine macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera was one of the main algal genera that occurred in the widespread green tides in Qingdao, China, during the summers of 2007, 2008 and 2010. It is thus a plentiful source of biomass and could be used as a biofuel. In this study, the pyrolytic characteristics and kinetics of E. prolifera were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Cornstalk and sawdust were used as comparisons. Pyrolytic characteristics were studied using TG-DTG (thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry) curves. Three stages in the pyrolytic process were determined: dehydration, dramatic weight loss and slow weight loss. E. prolifera was pyrolyzed at a lower initial temperature than the two terrestrial biomass forms. The apparent activation energy values for the three types of biomass were calculated and the mechanism functions were determined using 16 different mechanism functions, frequently used in thermal kinetics analysis. Activation energy values varied with mechanism function and the range of activation energy values for E. prolifera, cornstalk, and sawdust were 25-50 kJ/mol, 60-90 kJ/mol and 120-155 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicates that E. prolifera has low thermal stability for pyrolysis and good combustion characteristics.
文摘In this paper,13 kinds of transition metals are studied as catalysts for the hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis, and relationships between the catalytic activity of a transition metal and its outer electron configuration,d% of transition metals and geometric configuration are summarized.Experimental results show that the same group of transition metals show good similarity for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis;the d%of transition metals which have activity for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis is between 40%-50%;all transition metals which have catalytic activity possess either a face-centered cubic or a hexagonal crystal structure.Therefore,it is important to choose a transition metal with an appropriate d%and crystal structure as the catalyst for hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis.
