飞行器热解炭化材料烧蚀产物对等离子体流场的影响规律

高速飞行器表面防热材料在气动加热产生的高温下会热解烧蚀,烧蚀产物进入空气边界层流场后,与流场中的高温空气发生复杂化学反应,对飞行器周围空气流场中组分浓度和等离子体分布产生影响。基于求解热化学非平衡Navier-Stokes方程,建立耦合烧蚀壁面的三维等离子体流场计算方法。理论预测电磁衰减测量项目第2次飞行试验(RAMC-II)的等离子体流场,并与飞行试验数据进行比较,验证方法的可靠性。针对升力体飞行器,分析表面材料烧蚀对等离子体流场的影响规律。结果表明:升力体头部流场的电子数密度最高,飞行器身部区域的电子密度相比头部会降低约2~3个量级,对等离子体流场贡献最重要的离子是NO^(+)和N^(+);烧蚀产物进入流场会使激波的脱体距离变大,等离子体层厚度增加;随着流动向下游发展,飞行器身部的烧蚀速率降低,但烧蚀产物对等离子体流场的影响范围变大,飞行器身部流场的电子数密度会有一定升高;随着马赫数增大,烧蚀速率变大,壁面材料烧蚀影响更加显著,其中驻点线的峰值电子数密度改变较小,但飞行器身部对称面的电子数密度会显著增大;对于成分存在差异的同一类型防热材料,烧蚀产物进入流场后对激波脱体距离和峰值电子数密度的影响存在差异。

Evolution of Physical and Chemical Properties of Phenolic Resin-Based Carbon/Carbon Composites Reinforced with Short Discrete Fibers during Pyrolysis

In the present work, novolac phenolic resin-based composites reinforced with short discrete carbon fibers were pyrolized at different temperatures from 400℃ to 900℃. Their physical and chemical properties were studied, linterfacial bonding between the matrix and carbon fiber and its influence on mechanical properties of analyzed composites were analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated strengthening of interfacial bonding with increase of pyrolysis temperature. Evolution of failure behavior was observed.