基于动态Voronoi图的多核处理器非均匀采样热重构改进方法

微处理器热监控中不精确的热点温度估计会导致错误的预警和不必要的响应.为了更好的监控微处理器的运行温度,提出了一种基于动态Voronoi图的多核处理器非均匀采样热重构改进方法.实验结果表明:该方法比现有的频谱技术在热重构平均温度误差和热点温度误差精度方面有了一定提高,能够有效运用在动态热管理技术中实现精确的全局和局部温度监控.

基于超声红外热波技术的再制造零件裂纹检测研究现状

再制造是制造的延续,再制造零件由涂覆层和已经服役过的基体组成,异质材料体系的添加以及二次服役使得再制造零件的安全面临巨大的挑战,辨识及表征再制造零件缺陷是再制造零件服役安全评价的重要难题。超声红外热波检测技术利用超声激励产生能量转化和热传导原理,通过采集材料表面和近表面的红外热图对缺陷结构进行反演表征,是热学无损检测技术中非常重要的研究方向。然而,由于涂层的存在,将红外热波技术用于再制造零件裂纹的评价表征也面临着新的理论难题。基于此,本文系统分析了再制造零件的特点,总结了超声红外热波的检测机理,详细综述了低频超声振动能量与裂纹缺陷耦合生热机制研究现状,其中,摩擦生热机制得到了较多的理论支持和试验验证。同时,概述了内部热异常信号向表面瞬态传导的规律。通过对多种超声红外热波的辨识理论的应用,可实现表面异常热波的辨识及准确表征的协同提升。最后,对表面裂纹、界面裂纹及基体裂纹检测的研究现状进行概述,并总结了超声红外热波技术在再制造零件缺陷检测方面的应用和亟待解决的问题。

基于动态扫描涡流热成像技术的碳钢结构损伤检测

针对工业系统中碳钢结构损伤检测的实际需求,该文采用动态扫描涡流热成像(DSECT)技术对人工制备缺陷碳钢试件进行检测,提出了针对DSECT的热图序列重建算法,并利用最小相频特征实现了缺陷深度的定量检测。该文推导建立了DSECT热波传播模型,并在对数坐标下实现了热波信号的拟合,消除了热波信号的噪声;提出了基于热波信号重构的热图序列重建算法,在视场中剔除了线圈,实现了视场中被检试件的均匀加热;对人工制备的缺陷试件进行检测研究,验证了重建算法的有效性;通过快速傅里叶变换提取了最小相频特征,利用缺陷深度与最小相频平方根倒数的线性关系,实现了对缺陷深度的定量估计。研究表明,DSCET解决了传统涡流热成像方法的不足,该文提出的重建算法改善了成像视场,便于对碳钢缺陷进行定量检测。

微处理器中含噪热传感器位置分布优化方法

高性能处理器普遍集成热传感器,采用动态热管理技术对芯片实施连续热监控。然而,由于实际芯片中的模拟或者数字热传感器不可避免伴随噪声,使动态热管理的可靠性受到很大影响。因此,为了提高热监控的精确性,本文运用主成分分析(PCA)技术对原始热图像样本矩阵进行降维近似处理,并结合矩阵扰动分析提出基于模拟退火算法的热传感器位置分布优化方法。实验结果表明:该方法比现有的贪婪算法在热重构误差、信噪比(SNR)和误警率等性能方面有了一定提高,能够有效运用在动态热管理中实现精确的热监控。

异程管网热湿负荷分配次优解群及适应性

提出了一种基于次优解群统计分析的异程管网热湿负荷分配方法,采用变步长+随机走步的寻优计算方法,获得空调季不同负荷率下热湿负荷再分配的次优解群,分析次优解群的随机行为和统计规律,以此探索复杂变量约束下的冷冻水系统负荷分配的优化控制策略及其适应性。根据计算结果,在40%、60%、80%、100%这4种负荷率下末端人数次优解重叠率最高达到24%。研究表明,次优解群随机行为与管网热湿负荷分配策略存在相关性,离冷源侧越近,末端人数次优解重叠率越高,分配策略的负荷适应性越好,其权重越大。

定量热场显示的液晶方法研究

本文描述定量热场显示的液晶方法及应用。讨论了热敏液晶测温原理，提出并建立热敏液晶颜色—温度关系的实验标定方法。在此基础上，应用液晶热场显示及其重构技术，研究撞击射流的传热规律，所得实验结果表明热敏液晶方法用于定量热场显示是成功的。

GFRP层压板脱黏缺陷的红外脉冲热波成像检测

针对玻璃纤维增强塑料层压板脱黏缺陷的红外无损检测问题,首先制备了一种人工脱黏缺陷试样,采用红外脉冲热波成像检测技术对脱黏缺陷进行检测,分析了层压板脱黏区和非脱黏区的表面热信号瞬态响应过程,以图像信噪比和标准化对比度作为评价指标,定量对比了热信号重构、复调制Zoom-FFT、改进的独立分量分析和主分量分析4种热图重构算法在脱黏缺陷识别中的作用。在此基础上,提出基于热信号重构增强的主分量分析算法,并验证了该算法在脱黏缺陷识别中的作用。研究表明:4种热图重构算法均可提高层压板脱黏缺陷定量识别能力,其中以热信号重构对提高缺陷区与非缺陷区对比度最为显著,主分量分析对热图噪声的抑制能力最强,基于热信号重构增强的主分量分析能够显著提高深度分别为0.5 mm、1.0 mm、1.5 mm的脱黏缺陷定量识别能力。

Research upon the Structure and Pyrolysis of Cotton Stalk

[Purpose]To research upon the structure and pyrolysis of cotton stalk.[Method] In this paper thermogravimetric analysis is adopted to study pyrolysis characteristics on the longitudinal direction of cotton stalk（the stick and the root）and on the traverse direction（the cuticle,cortex and medulla）.[Result] Cotton stalk is a material of uneven and irregular texture,and there are great differences in the structure of all these parts on the longitudinal and traverse directions,especially in the contents of different components in each layer.The reaction in the stick and root becomes violent along with the increase in the rising rate of temperature,and carbon yield rate decreases in turn.Besides with the same rising rate of temperature,carbon yield rate of cotton stick is higher than the one of cotton root.Carbon yield rates of cuticle,cortex and medulla decrease in turn while the violence of the reaction in cuticle is less severe than in cortex and medulla.[Conclusion] It has provided theoretical basis for obtaining activated carbon technology of cotton stick.

Non-isothermal oxidation and ignition prediction of Ti-Cr alloys

The non-isothermal oxidation behavior and oxide scale microstructure of Ti-Cr alloy （0≤w（Cr）≤25%） were studied from room temperature to 1723 K by thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The influencing mechanism of chromium on the oxidation resistance of Ti-Cr alloys was discussed. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the alloys decreases with Cr below a critical chromium content wC and increases above wC; above 1000 K, the oxidation kinetics obeys parabolic rule and titanium dominates the oxidation process; after oxidation, the oxygen-diffusing layer is present in the alloy matrix, the oxide scale is mainly composed of rutile whose internal layer is rich in chromium, and chromium oxides separated out from TiO2 near the alloy-oxide interface improve the oxidation resistance. Ignition of metals and alloys is a fast non-isothermal oxidation process and the oxidation mechanism of Ti-Cr alloys during ignition is predicted.

Construction of Renewable Superhydrophobic Surfaces via Thermally Induced Phase Separation and Mechanical Peeling

We report a simple preparation method of a renewable superhydrophobic surface by thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and mechanical peeling. Porous polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） membranes with hierarchical structures were prepared by a TIPS process under different cooling conditions, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. After peeling off the top layer, rough structures with hundreds of nanometers to several microns were obtained. A digital microscopy determines that the surface roughness of peeled PVDF membranes is much higher than that of the original PVDF membrane, which is important to obtain the superhydrophobicity. Water contact angle and sliding angle measurements demonstrate that the peeled membrane surfaces display super- hydrophobicity with a high contact angle （152°） and a low sliding angle （7.2°）. Moreover, the superhydrophobicity can be easily recovered for many times by a simple mechanical peeling, identical to the original superhydrophobicity. This simple preparation method is low cost, and suitable for large-scale industrialization, which may offer more opportunities for practical applications.

Improving wavelet reconstruction algorithm to achieve comprehensive application of thermal infrared remote sensing data from TM and MODIS

According to the data characteristics of Landsat thematic mapper （TM） and MODIS, a new fu sion algorithm about thermal infrared data has been proposed in the article based on improving wave let reconstruction. Under the domain of neighborhood wavelet reconstruction, data of TM and MO DIS are divided into three layers using wavelet decomposition. The texture information of TM data is retained by fusing highfrequency information. The neighborhood correction coefficient method （NC CM） is set up based on the search neighborhood of a certain size to fuse lowfrequency information. Thermal infrared value of MODIS data is reduced to the space value of TM data by applying NCCM. The data with high spectrum, high spatial and high temporal resolution, are obtained through the al gorithm in the paper. Verification results show that the texture information of TM data and high spec tral information of MODIS data could be preserved well by the fusion algorithm. This article could provide technical support for high precision and fast extraction of the surface environment parame ters.

丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解

以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。

热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的脉冲红外热成像检测

针对热障涂层界面脱粘缺陷的无损检测问题,首先制备了一种导热过程更加接近真实缺陷,且尺寸可控的人工模拟脱粘缺陷试样;在此基础上,采用脉冲红外热成像检测技术对人工脱粘缺陷进行检测,分析了涂层界面脱粘区和非脱粘区的表面温度瞬态响应过程;以图像标准差(SD)和归一化对比度(NC)作为评价标准,定量对比了脉冲相位法、主成分分析和表面热信号重构3种典型的热图重构方法在脱粘缺陷识别中的作用。结果表明,对400μm厚的YSZ热障涂层,原始热图中可识别最小直径为4mm的脱粘缺陷,而3种重构热图中均可识别最小直径为2mm的界面脱粘缺陷,3种重构算法均显著提高了界面脱粘缺陷的识别能力,其中以表面热信号重构算法对图像的噪声抑制能力最强。

Reconstruction of solid oxide fuel cell electrode microstructure and analysis of its effective conductivity

The effective conductivity （aeff） of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） electrode is an important parameter for predicting the ohmic loss in SOFC. This paper investigates the effective conductivity of SOFC electrodes recon- structed numerically by packing spherical particles in a computational domain, followed by a dilation process to simulate the sintering procedure. The effects of various parameters on the effective conductivity of the electrodes are investigated, including material composition, porosity, particle size and contact angle. Results show that the effective conductivity ratio （aeff/ao） of the computed con- ducting phase is mainly affected by its total volume frac- tion （VF） in electrode （including the porosity）. The effective conductivity can be improved by increasing the VF, electrode particle size or the contact angle between electrode particles. Based on the numerical results, the conventional percolation model for the calculation of O＇eft is improved by adjusting the Bruggeman factor from 1.5 to 2.7. The results are useful for understanding the microstructure properties of SOFC composite electrode and for subsequent electrode optimization.

Study of the Reconstruction of Fractal Structure of Closed-cell Aluminum Foam and its Thermal Conductivity

Based on the characteristics of the internal structure of closed-cell aluminum foam, this paper attempts to illus- trate the process of reconstructing the internal structures of closed-cell aluminum foam in Monte-Carlo method and the fractal characteristics of the reconstructed model. Furthermore, Binary Array Method is proposed by analyzing the reconstructed model and the thermal conductivity model of closed-cell aluminum foam is established. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of the foam materials with different porosity is calculated by Binary Array Method, and the calculated value coincides with the experimental results in the reference, which proves the correctness of these methods.

A new pseudo rubrene analogue with excellent film forming ability

A novel pseudo rubrene analogue,6,11-di(thiophen-2-yl)-tetracene-5,12-dione (DTTDO) was synthesized,in which two thienyl groups and two carbonyl groups replacing four phenyl groups in the rubrene molecule were connected to the backbone of tetracene.This compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,absorption spectra and electrochemical measurements.Unlike rubrene,DTTDO exhibited excellent film forming ability by normal vacuum deposition,indicating its promising applications in organic thin film transistors.