Photocatalytic reduction of 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid (CNSA) was studied in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions in the presence of methanol and surfactants. A mixture of CNSA, TiO2, water, additives and surfa...Photocatalytic reduction of 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid (CNSA) was studied in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions in the presence of methanol and surfactants. A mixture of CNSA, TiO2, water, additives and surfactants was put into a quartz glass reactor with a jacket, which was irradiated with a high pressure Hg lamp in the purging of nitrogen gas. With methanol, the conversion of CNSA increased from 7.7% to 34.6%. Three surfactants significantly promoted the photocatalytic reduction conversion in reduced order of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). In suspensions involving DBS and CTAB respectively, CNSA conversion increased in consistence with the adsorption ratio with methanol, but varied inversely with the adsorption ratio without methanol. But no obvious influence on the adsorption ratio was observed with or without methanol added when the SDS concentration was critical micelle concentration (cmc). The photocatalytic reduction of CNSA was enhanced in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions in the presence of methanol and surfactants. Methanol inhibited the recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons efficiently. Surfactants around 1 cmc led to the highest reduction conversion.展开更多
A series of triethylammonium-based chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids with varied Lewis acidity was synthesized, characterized, and firstly applied to isobutane alkylation. The [Et3NHC1]-GaCl3 with XGaCl3 =0.65 display...A series of triethylammonium-based chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids with varied Lewis acidity was synthesized, characterized, and firstly applied to isobutane alkylation. The [Et3NHC1]-GaCl3 with XGaCl3 =0.65 displayed a potential catalytic activity for the alkylation. The addition of copper halide into the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids dramatically enhanced the alkylation reac- tion. Up to 70.1% Cs selectivity and 91.3 RON were achieved with the [Et3NHC1]-GaC13-CuC1 （XGaCl3 = 0.65, CuCI = 5% tool） under 0.5 MPa, 900 r/min, 15 min, 288 K using the industrial C4 cut （isobutane/butene = 10）. These results indicate that the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） system may be used as a promising catalyst for the C4 alkylation.展开更多
Following deformation, thermally induced shape memory polymers(SMPs) have the ability to recover their original shape with a change in temperature. In this work, the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behavi...Following deformation, thermally induced shape memory polymers(SMPs) have the ability to recover their original shape with a change in temperature. In this work, the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of three types of epoxy SMPs with varying curing agent contents were investigated using a molecular dynamics(MD) method. The mechanical properties under uniaxial tension at different temperatures were obtained, and the simulation results compared reasonably with experimental data. In addition, in a thermomechanical cycle, ideal shape memory effects for the three types of SMPs were revealed through the shape frozen and shape recovery responses at low and high temperatures, respectively, indicating that the recovery time is strongly influenced by the ratio of E-51 to 4,4'-Methylenedianiline.展开更多
基金Supported by Tianjin Science and Technology Committee (No. 033604711)Science and Technology Foundation of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China (MOHURD) (No. 03-2-064)
文摘Photocatalytic reduction of 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid (CNSA) was studied in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions in the presence of methanol and surfactants. A mixture of CNSA, TiO2, water, additives and surfactants was put into a quartz glass reactor with a jacket, which was irradiated with a high pressure Hg lamp in the purging of nitrogen gas. With methanol, the conversion of CNSA increased from 7.7% to 34.6%. Three surfactants significantly promoted the photocatalytic reduction conversion in reduced order of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). In suspensions involving DBS and CTAB respectively, CNSA conversion increased in consistence with the adsorption ratio with methanol, but varied inversely with the adsorption ratio without methanol. But no obvious influence on the adsorption ratio was observed with or without methanol added when the SDS concentration was critical micelle concentration (cmc). The photocatalytic reduction of CNSA was enhanced in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions in the presence of methanol and surfactants. Methanol inhibited the recombination of photogenerated holes and electrons efficiently. Surfactants around 1 cmc led to the highest reduction conversion.
基金the financial support from the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (2122052)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (21036007)National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB219904)
文摘A series of triethylammonium-based chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids with varied Lewis acidity was synthesized, characterized, and firstly applied to isobutane alkylation. The [Et3NHC1]-GaCl3 with XGaCl3 =0.65 displayed a potential catalytic activity for the alkylation. The addition of copper halide into the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） ionic liquids dramatically enhanced the alkylation reac- tion. Up to 70.1% Cs selectivity and 91.3 RON were achieved with the [Et3NHC1]-GaC13-CuC1 （XGaCl3 = 0.65, CuCI = 5% tool） under 0.5 MPa, 900 r/min, 15 min, 288 K using the industrial C4 cut （isobutane/butene = 10）. These results indicate that the chlorogallate（Ⅲ） system may be used as a promising catalyst for the C4 alkylation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11272044 and 11023001)
文摘Following deformation, thermally induced shape memory polymers(SMPs) have the ability to recover their original shape with a change in temperature. In this work, the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of three types of epoxy SMPs with varying curing agent contents were investigated using a molecular dynamics(MD) method. The mechanical properties under uniaxial tension at different temperatures were obtained, and the simulation results compared reasonably with experimental data. In addition, in a thermomechanical cycle, ideal shape memory effects for the three types of SMPs were revealed through the shape frozen and shape recovery responses at low and high temperatures, respectively, indicating that the recovery time is strongly influenced by the ratio of E-51 to 4,4'-Methylenedianiline.
