生命周期评价在焦化领域中的应用及研究进展

焦化行业作为传统的煤化工产业,目前仍存在高能耗、高污染、产能过剩等问题。生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,简称LCA)作为一种系统地评价产品或工艺过程整个生命周期环境影响的评价方法和管理工具,目前已经广泛应用于各行各业。在焦化过程中引入LCA方法可以为行业的绿色可持续发展提供系统的理论指导和决策依据。本文简述了LCA的理论方法和技术框架,对焦化领域的LCA相关文献进行分析,并综述了LCA方法在焦化生产、焦炉煤气下游利用以及焦化废水处理方面的应用和研究进展。重点从目标与范围的确定、生命周期清单数据的获取、生命周期影响评价方法、影响类型和解释结果等方面探讨了焦化领域LCA的研究现状,指出了目前存在的主要问题,如系统边界界定和相关细节假定交代不清晰、分配方法不明确、数据来源和质量良莠不齐、本地化清单数据库较为缺乏、生命周期影响评价方法选取不统一、结果解释不够完整等一系列问题。最后,基于当前焦化领域LCA的研究现状和亟待解决的问题,对未来焦化过程中的LCA发展提出建议,认为焦化过程中的LCA应该从明确系统边界、建立全面的本土化生命周期清单数据库、选择合理的分配方法以及评价指标多元化4个关键方面加强研究。

Increasing Liquid Yield and Diesel Fraction in Delayed Coking Process: Mechanism of Liquid Formation

The thermal upgrading of two residual oils tory-scale continuous delayed coking unit. The goal with different characteristics was studied in a labora- was to investigate the influence of the process vari- ables such as temperature, reaction time and additive on liquid yield and products distribution. A maximum liquid yield of 73% was achieved compared to 69% with the commercial unit. This yield was even increased to 75% under the effect of an additive. The fractionation of liquid oil by simulated vacuum distillation showed a high yield of diesel （46.9%）, compared to 28% for the commercial unit.