In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomogra...In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomography）is employed to quantitatively analyze the initial defects in four series of highperformance concrete （HPC）specimens with additions of different mineral admixtures. The nigh-resolution 3D images of microstructures and filtered defects are reconstructed by micro- CT software. The size distribution and volume fractions of initial defects are analyzed based on 3D and 2D micro-CT images. The analysis results are verified by experimental results of watersuction tests. The results show that the additions of mineral admixtures in concrete as cementitious materials greatly change the geometrical properties of the microstructures and the spatial features of defects by physical-chemistry actions of these mineral admixtures. This is the major cause of the differences between the mechanical behaviors of HPC with and without mineral admixtures when the water-to-binder ratio and the size distribution of aggregates are constant.展开更多
Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recen...Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recent embodied cognition perspective, view cognitive processes as deeply embedded into the body＇s interactions with the world. In support of such contention, lots of empirical evidence has been brought and thusly different claims proposed. In this paper, we present the computer based neurocognitive task of sustained attention which is a dual task with many characteristics that obviously mirror some of the above claims. In this regard, we take into consideration both on-line and off-line aspects of the embodied cognition and point out how processing efficiency and attentional functioning are crucial vehicles in bringing perception into effective action （embodied cognition）. Furthermore, there is plenty of evidence about the bidirectional relationship between the attentional/cognitive functioning and emotion regulation as well. This rises new possibilities in looking at the cognitive bias modification approaches and brain-cognitive training procedures for human beings without perceiving them as disembodied minds or complex machines but instead proactive and physically involved in the real world. We argue that such cognitive training approaches even though at first glance seemed as mere technical and machine oriented procedures, should be regarded as humanistic in its nature which perfectly mirror the Merleau-Ponty＇s concept of ＂embodied subjectivity.＂ Finally, we explain how such approaches can be successfully combined with the neurobiological accounts and effectively implemented into clinical practice （self-regulation, self-directed neuroplasticity, effortful control, behavior change）.展开更多
The Chinese Dream in Full Swing Speech Extracts from the International Dialogue on the Chinese Dream ForumCHINA was the center of human civilization for hundreds of years.During its long history,it became used to impl...The Chinese Dream in Full Swing Speech Extracts from the International Dialogue on the Chinese Dream ForumCHINA was the center of human civilization for hundreds of years.During its long history,it became used to implementing defensive strategies externally while developing the country internally.展开更多
Restricted genetic diversity can supply only a limited number of elite genes for modern plant cultivation and transgenesis.In this study,we demonstrate that rational design enables the engineering of geranyl-geranyl d...Restricted genetic diversity can supply only a limited number of elite genes for modern plant cultivation and transgenesis.In this study,we demonstrate that rational design enables the engineering of geranyl-geranyl diphosphate synthase(NtGGPPS),an enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway(MEP)in the model plant Nicotiana tabacum.As the crucial bottleneck in carotenoid biosynthesis,NtGGPPS1 interacts with phytoene synthase(NtPSY1)to channel GGPP into the production of carotenoids.Loss of this enzyme in the ntggpps1 mutant leads to decreased carotenoid accumulation.With the aim of enhanc-ing NtGGPPS1 activity,we undertook structure-guided rational redesign of its substrate binding pocket in combination with sequence alignment.The activity of the designed NtGGPPS1(a pentuple mutant of five sites V154A/I161L/F218Y/I209S/V233E,d-NtGGPPS1)was measured by a high-throughput colorimetric assay.d-NtGGPPS1 exhibited significantly higher conversion of IPP and each co-substrate(DMAPP~1995.5-fold,GPP~25.9-fold,and FPP~16.7-fold)for GGPP synthesis compared with wild-type NtGGPPS1.Importantly,the transient and stable expression of d-NtGGPPS1 in the ntggpps1 mutant increased carotenoid levels in leaves,improved photosynthetic efficiency,and increased biomass relative to NtGGPPS1.These findings provide a firm basis for the engineering of GGPPS and will facilitate the development of quality and yield traits.Our results open the door for the structure-guided rational design of elite genes in higher plants。展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ermiao Fang(EM) with medical guide Xixin(Herba Asari Mandshurici)(HAM) on bone marrow stem cell migration to a focal zone in osteoarthritis(OA) rats.METHODS: OA rats were induc...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ermiao Fang(EM) with medical guide Xixin(Herba Asari Mandshurici)(HAM) on bone marrow stem cell migration to a focal zone in osteoarthritis(OA) rats.METHODS: OA rats were induced by arthrectomy and assigned to sham-operated, model, EM, or EM plus HAM groups.All rats were injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 30μg·kg-1·d-1for7 days and treated with EMor EM plus HAM at 1.6 or 1.9 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 or 6 weeks, respectively. Chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix components were tested by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay and special staining. Levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) nitric oxide(NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)-13,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMPs)-1,Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU), cluster of differentiation 34(CD34), and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) were measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS:The EM and EM plus HAM groups had significantly less cartilage damage and synovium inflammation the model group. Moreover, the EM and EM plus HAM groups had less chondrocyte apoptosis and more proteoglycan and collagen content than the model group.The EM and EMplus HAM groups had obviously higher MMPs-13 and TIMPs-1 expression in the cartilage than the model group. Moreover, the two formula groups had less release of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and iNOS than model group. Importantly, the expressions of BrdU, CD34,and SDF-1 in cartilage were significantly higher in the EM and EM plus HAM-Medtreated rats than model group. Notably, the EM plus HAM treatment seemed to have the greatest effects.CONCLUSION: HAM improves the therapeutic effects of EM on OA rats by enhancing BMSC directional homing to the focal zone.展开更多
基金The Scholarship Supported by Ministry of Education of China for Research Abroad(No.3037[2006])the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Foundation of Southeast University (No.YBTJ-0512)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No.2009CB623203)
文摘In order to investigate the effects of two mineral admixtures （i. e., fly ash and ground slag）on initial defects existing in concrete microstructures, a high-resolution X-ray micro-CT（ micro-focus computer tomography）is employed to quantitatively analyze the initial defects in four series of highperformance concrete （HPC）specimens with additions of different mineral admixtures. The nigh-resolution 3D images of microstructures and filtered defects are reconstructed by micro- CT software. The size distribution and volume fractions of initial defects are analyzed based on 3D and 2D micro-CT images. The analysis results are verified by experimental results of watersuction tests. The results show that the additions of mineral admixtures in concrete as cementitious materials greatly change the geometrical properties of the microstructures and the spatial features of defects by physical-chemistry actions of these mineral admixtures. This is the major cause of the differences between the mechanical behaviors of HPC with and without mineral admixtures when the water-to-binder ratio and the size distribution of aggregates are constant.
文摘Different areas of cognitive science traditionally perceived the mind as an abstract information processing entity, whose interactions with the outside world should be of small or no relevance at all. However, a recent embodied cognition perspective, view cognitive processes as deeply embedded into the body＇s interactions with the world. In support of such contention, lots of empirical evidence has been brought and thusly different claims proposed. In this paper, we present the computer based neurocognitive task of sustained attention which is a dual task with many characteristics that obviously mirror some of the above claims. In this regard, we take into consideration both on-line and off-line aspects of the embodied cognition and point out how processing efficiency and attentional functioning are crucial vehicles in bringing perception into effective action （embodied cognition）. Furthermore, there is plenty of evidence about the bidirectional relationship between the attentional/cognitive functioning and emotion regulation as well. This rises new possibilities in looking at the cognitive bias modification approaches and brain-cognitive training procedures for human beings without perceiving them as disembodied minds or complex machines but instead proactive and physically involved in the real world. We argue that such cognitive training approaches even though at first glance seemed as mere technical and machine oriented procedures, should be regarded as humanistic in its nature which perfectly mirror the Merleau-Ponty＇s concept of ＂embodied subjectivity.＂ Finally, we explain how such approaches can be successfully combined with the neurobiological accounts and effectively implemented into clinical practice （self-regulation, self-directed neuroplasticity, effortful control, behavior change）.
文摘The Chinese Dream in Full Swing Speech Extracts from the International Dialogue on the Chinese Dream ForumCHINA was the center of human civilization for hundreds of years.During its long history,it became used to implementing defensive strategies externally while developing the country internally.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(182300410053)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672308)+3 种基金Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation(227462)Science Project(902019AA0140)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0905100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004143)。
文摘Restricted genetic diversity can supply only a limited number of elite genes for modern plant cultivation and transgenesis.In this study,we demonstrate that rational design enables the engineering of geranyl-geranyl diphosphate synthase(NtGGPPS),an enzyme of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway(MEP)in the model plant Nicotiana tabacum.As the crucial bottleneck in carotenoid biosynthesis,NtGGPPS1 interacts with phytoene synthase(NtPSY1)to channel GGPP into the production of carotenoids.Loss of this enzyme in the ntggpps1 mutant leads to decreased carotenoid accumulation.With the aim of enhanc-ing NtGGPPS1 activity,we undertook structure-guided rational redesign of its substrate binding pocket in combination with sequence alignment.The activity of the designed NtGGPPS1(a pentuple mutant of five sites V154A/I161L/F218Y/I209S/V233E,d-NtGGPPS1)was measured by a high-throughput colorimetric assay.d-NtGGPPS1 exhibited significantly higher conversion of IPP and each co-substrate(DMAPP~1995.5-fold,GPP~25.9-fold,and FPP~16.7-fold)for GGPP synthesis compared with wild-type NtGGPPS1.Importantly,the transient and stable expression of d-NtGGPPS1 in the ntggpps1 mutant increased carotenoid levels in leaves,improved photosynthetic efficiency,and increased biomass relative to NtGGPPS1.These findings provide a firm basis for the engineering of GGPPS and will facilitate the development of quality and yield traits.Our results open the door for the structure-guided rational design of elite genes in higher plants。
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project of Guiding Traditional Chinese Medicine Induced Bone Marrow Stem Cell Directional Homing to a Focal Zone for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis(No.81072900)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Ermiao Fang(EM) with medical guide Xixin(Herba Asari Mandshurici)(HAM) on bone marrow stem cell migration to a focal zone in osteoarthritis(OA) rats.METHODS: OA rats were induced by arthrectomy and assigned to sham-operated, model, EM, or EM plus HAM groups.All rats were injected with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 30μg·kg-1·d-1for7 days and treated with EMor EM plus HAM at 1.6 or 1.9 g·kg-1·d-1 for 3 or 6 weeks, respectively. Chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage matrix components were tested by transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay and special staining. Levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) nitric oxide(NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)-13,tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases(TIMPs)-1,Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU), cluster of differentiation 34(CD34), and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) were measured by immunohistochemical assay.RESULTS:The EM and EM plus HAM groups had significantly less cartilage damage and synovium inflammation the model group. Moreover, the EM and EM plus HAM groups had less chondrocyte apoptosis and more proteoglycan and collagen content than the model group.The EM and EMplus HAM groups had obviously higher MMPs-13 and TIMPs-1 expression in the cartilage than the model group. Moreover, the two formula groups had less release of IL-1β, TNF-α, NO, and iNOS than model group. Importantly, the expressions of BrdU, CD34,and SDF-1 in cartilage were significantly higher in the EM and EM plus HAM-Medtreated rats than model group. Notably, the EM plus HAM treatment seemed to have the greatest effects.CONCLUSION: HAM improves the therapeutic effects of EM on OA rats by enhancing BMSC directional homing to the focal zone.
