抑郁、焦虑症状与中学生多种危害健康行为

目的分析合肥市城乡中学生抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素及其与危害健康行为的关系。方法 参考美国CDC(The Center forDisease Control and Prevention)的青少年危害健康行为监测(YRBS)问卷,编制了"青少年健康行为问卷",对合肥市城乡中学生3 127名进行无记名调查。运用X2检验分析具有不同人口统计学特征中学生的抑郁、焦虑症状检出率及其分布差异,运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑心理症状与危害健康行为的关系。结果在控制了性别、父母亲文化程度等社会统计学变量后,抑郁症状是打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、7 d内无大强度运动、饭后催吐、节食、少吃蔬菜、上网时间过长、见过毒品的危险因素。焦虑症状是打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、喝过酒、大量饮酒、节食、饭后催吐、上网时间过长、见过毒品的危险因素。结论 青少年的抑郁与焦虑症状是多种危害健康行为的危险因素。

内科门诊240例患者抑郁/焦虑症状分析

目的了解综合医院心血管、神经内科及消化科门诊就诊患者有焦虑抑郁的状况。方法对240例以各种躯体症状就诊于内科门诊的患者由心理科医生使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定病人均存在不同程度的抑郁、焦虑,这部分病人是从就诊的1 000多名内科门诊患者中除外了严重器质性病变且既往经各级医院多次诊治效果不佳,由各诊室专家筛选后开单送心理门诊检查的,统计约占内科就诊病人的1/4,对其评分进行比较分析。结果 240例患者焦虑量表>21分的60例,14～21分的130例,7～14分50例,<7分的0例;抑郁量表>24分10例,17～24分的60例,7～17分的150例,<7分的20例。口服帕罗西汀黛力新治疗6周后复查汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)均有不同程度的好转,治疗前后经统计学处理差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论综合医院内科门诊患者中有较高的焦虑、抑郁发病率。

Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders in Chinese gastroenterological outpatients

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and physicians' detection rate of depressive and anxiety disorders in gastrointestinal(GI)outpatients across China. METHODS:A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the GI outpatient departments of 13 general hospitals.A total of 1995 GI outpatients were recruited and screened with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS).The physicians of the GI departments performed routine clinical diagnosis and management without knowing the HADS score results.Subjects with HADS scores≥8 were subsequently interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview(MINI)to make further diagnoses. RESULTS:There were 1059 patients with HADS score ≥8 and 674(63.64%)of them undertook the MINI interview by psychiatrists.Based on the criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition),the adjusted current prevalence for depressive disorders,anxiety disorders,and comorbidity of both disorders in the GI outpatients was 14.39%, 9.42%and 4.66%,respectively.Prevalence of depressive disorders with suicidal problems[suicide attempt or suicide-related ideation prior or current;module C (suicide)of MINI score≥1]was 5.84%in women and 1.64%in men.The GI physicians'detection rate of depressive and anxiety disorders accounted for 4.14%. CONCLUSION:While the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders is high in Chinese GI outpatients, the detection rate of depressive and anxiety disorders by physicians is low.

Impact of comorbid anxiety and depression on quality of life and cellular immunity changes in patients with digestive tract cancers

AIM:A study was performed to investigate the impact of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) on quality of life (QOL) and cellular immunity changes in patients with digestive tract cancers. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six cases of both sexes with cancers of the digestive tract admitted between March 2001 and February 2004 in the Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were randomly enrolled in the study. Depressive and anxiety disorder diagnoses were assessed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. All adult patients were evaluated with the Hamilton depressive scale (HAMD, the 24-item version), the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA, a modified 14-item version), quality of life questionnaire-core 30 (QLQ-C30), social support rating scale (SSRS), simple coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), and other questionnaires, respectively. In terms of HAMD ≥ 20 and HAMA ≥ 14, the patients were categorized, including CAD (n = 31) in group A, anxiety disorder (n = 23) in group B, depressive disorder (n = 37) in group C, and non-disorder (n = 65) in group D. Immunological parameters such as T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cell activities in peripheral blood were determined and compared among the four groups. RESULTS: The incidence of CAD was 21.15% in patients with digestive tract cancers. The average scores of social support was 43.67±7.05 for 156 cases, active coping 20.34±7.33, and passive coping 9.55±5.51. Compared with group D, subjective support was enhanced slightly in group A, but social support, objective support, and utilization of support reduced, especially utilization of support with significance (6.16 vs7.80, P<0.05); total scores of active coping decreased, while passive coping reversed; granulocytes proliferated, monocytes declined, and lymphocytes declined significantly (32.87 vs 34.00, P<0.05); moreover, the percentage of CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD56 in T lymphocyte subsets was in lower level, respectively, and CD56 showed a significant decline in group A (26.02 vs 32.20, P<0.05), however, CD4/CD8 ratio increased. Physical function, role function, fatigue, sleeplessness and constipation had significant changes among different groups by one-way ANOVA, and group A was in poor QOL. It revealed that global health-related quality of life (QL) were positively correlated with active coping and CD56; CAD was negatively correlated with QL, active coping and CD56. Furthermore, the step-wise regression analysis suggested that utilization of support, CD56, active coping, fatigue, sleeplessness and depression were significant factors contributing to QOL. CONCLUSION: CAD, which can impair QOL and cellular immunity, occurs with a higher incidence in patients with digestive tract cancers. Hence, it is essential to improve mental health for them with specifically tailored interventions.

Effectiveness of Mesotherapy on Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

TMJDs （Temporomandibular joint disorders） are a common pathology but best treatment remains unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mesotherapy on TMJD. We conducted a case review of all TMJD patients treated since 2006 with mesotherapy procedures only and using a cocktail of drugs composing of lidocaine, piroxicam and pentoxifylline. Patients were treated every 15 days until symptomatic relief was achieved and thereafter every two months. Main outcome was complete symptomatic relief, and associated factors were analysed. 27 patients were included. Complete pain relief was achieved in 26. The necessary number of procedures to get pain relief ranged from 1 to 6 （median of 1） and the total number of treatments from 1 to 40 （median of 11）. 19 patients had other painful complains mainly related with anxiety disorders. A weak correlation （r = 0.357; p = 0.05） between anxiety disorders and the required months of treatments was found. Mesotherapy is a valuable option on pain relief in a temporomandibular pain syndrome with none of the systemic effects of oral medication. Anxiety may have a role on the aetiology and therapeutic success highlights the holistic approach of these patients. Future comparative studies are necessary.

Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

Research to date indicates that the number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysthymia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psychosocial factors in CABG surgery patients highlights an association with increased risk of morbidity in the short and longer term. Recent evidence suggests that both depression and anxiety increase the risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, although the behavioral and biological mechanisms are poorly understood. Though neither depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- chological dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a comprehensive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THREE COGNITIVE POTENTIALS OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY DISORDERS

To investigate the variations of contingent negative variations （ CNV）, P300 and mismatch negativity （MMN） in depression and anxiety disorders. Methods CNV, P300 and MMN were recorded from 44 depressive patients using Nicolet Spirit Instrument, and were compared with that of 32 anxiety patients and 28 normal controls（NC）. 21 of depressive patients and 18 of anxiety patients were followed up by 2.5 months with the same evoked potentials. Results 1. Compared with NC, all patients in acute episode showed decreased M1 of CNV amplitude, delayed P3 latency and decreased P3 amplitude of P300, and delayed MMN latency and decreased MMN amplitude ; 2. The follow-up study of evoked potentials revealed that abnormal P3 of P300 and MMN latencies were significant between depressed patients in remission status and NC group but not P3 of P300 and MMN amplitudes, and M1 of CNV and P3 of P300 amplitudes and P3 of P300 and MMN latencies are not significant between anxiety patients in remission and NC group. Conclusion Delayed P3 of P300 and MMN latencies in depression show state and trait markers, while those variations in anxiety correlate with clinical status of anxiety state.

Performance Anxiety and the Fight or Flight Syndrome

Performance Anxiety is perhaps the most common social fear. Also called Stage Fright, Performance Anxiety is the fear of being in front of an audience, and all of the corollaries that are associated with the condition. The condition can be almost debilitating, and is all the more devastating to a seasoned professional performer who continues to be afflicted by the situation. Although there are numerous causes as the root of Performance Anxiety in different people, a significant reason for Performance Anxiety is a behavioral pattern that psychoanalysts call the Fight or Flight Syndrome. This syndrome is the focus of this paper. This paper identifies a number of the symptoms of Performance Anxiety along with many of the false antidotes that are suggested by friends and associates. Evidence is presented to support the realization that most audiences are not the enemy. Recommendations and a treatment plan are suggested which are designed to alleviate Performance Anxiety issues and are based on principles of behavioral modification.

ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH INHALATION OF OXYGEN FOR TREATMENT OF 60 CASES OF EXTENSIVE ANXIETY

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects and adverse effects of "channel-oxygen therapy" for extensive anxiety. Methods: Sixty cases of extensive anxiety patients were treated with "channel-oxygen therapy" once daily and continuously for 4 weeks. Neiguan(内关PC 6) and Zusanli(足三里ST 36) were needled in combination with nasal inhalation of oxygen, 30 min each session. The therapeutic effects were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the adverse effects by Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). Results: Of the 60 cases, 35 were cured, 13 improved and 12 were ineffective, with the effective rate being 80.0% and the cured rate 58.3%. No evident adverse effects were found. Conclusion: The "channel-oxygen therapy" is safe and effective for extensive anxiety.

Acupuncture Treatment for 157 Cases of Anxiety Neurosis

Anxiety neurosis, a mental disorder characterized mainly by extensive anxiety or paroxysmal panic, is often seen in females in their 40s.

The Model of Speaking in Teaching Indonesian to Foreign Speakers Based on Self-Regulated Learning and Anxiety Reduction Approaches

Model for spoken is expected to overcome difficulties in teaching and learning Indonesian language for foreign speakers. Language anxiety is the anxiety that arises when a person learns foreign language. Foreign Language Anxiety （anxiety to learn a foreign language） is of concern or negative emotional reactions that arise when studying or using foreign language. Self-regulated learning is an active and constructive process undertaken by learners in setting goals for their learning and trying to monitor, regulate, and control of cognition, motivation, and behavior, then everything is directed and driven by purpose and adapted to the context and environment. The research method used is an R and D （research and development） method with a sample of foreign speakers of Chinese. Variables that receive interference are the ability to speak in Indonesian, while the variables used to interfere with the self-regulated learning and language anxiety as a variable controller. Intrapersonal factors become barriers that cause stuttering speech limited due to the mastering subject content. On the basis of that, this speaking model applies the principle of self-regulated learning in the learning process, using a communicative and contextual approach. This model intended for foreign speakers who learn Indonesian language outside of Indonesia, so to bring the atmosphere mandated in sociolinguistic built through media and relevant teaching methods.

Acupuncture treatment for improving anxiety status in patients with primary insomnia:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety state in patients with primary insomnia(PI).Methods:Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture treatment for PI patients with an anxiety state in Web of Science,Cochrane Library,PubMed,Excerpta Medica Database(EMBASE),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang),and Chongqing VIP Database(VIP)were retrieved by computer.The retrieval time was from each database’s inception to December 30,2022.Data extraction and evaluation were performed for the included studies.The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias in each article.Meta-analysis of valid data was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software.If the outcome indicator was a categorical variable,relative risk(RR)was used as the effect size.If it was a continuous variable,mean difference(MD)was used to calculate the effect size.Each effect size was expressed as a 95%confidence interval(CI).P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.Results:A total of 18 studies were included,comprising a total of 1198 patients.The findings of the meta-analysis showed that electroacupuncture had a significant advantage in improving the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)score than benzodiazepines[MD=-1.61,95%CI(-2.17,-1.06),P<0.001].Acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture[MD=-14.90,95%CI(-20.39,-9.41),P<0.001]and benzodiazepines[MD=-3.39,95%CI(-4.67,-2.12),P<0.001]in reducing the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)score.Acupuncture was superior to sham acupuncture in reducing the insomnia severity index(ISI)score[MD=-5.61,95%CI(-6.63,-4.89),P<0.001].Acupuncture was superior to benzodiazepines[MD=0.84,95%CI(-1.42,-0.25),P=0.005]and sham acupuncture[MD=-8.39,95%CI(-8.39,-7.86),P<0.001]in improving the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)score.Acupuncture had a better effective rate than benzodiazepines[RR=1.16,95%CI(1.08,1.25),P<0.001]and sham acupuncture[RR=8.94,95%CI(4.63,17.25),P<0.001]in treating PI.Conclusion:Acupuncture or electroacupuncture has certain therapeutic advantages over benzodiazepines and sham acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety in PI patients.However,more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for further verification.

Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with medication for mild-to-moderate depression

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy and plausible mechanism of Tiao Yang Qu Xie(regulating Yang to eliminate pathogenic factors)needling method plus paroxetine in treating mild-to-moderate depression.Methods:Sixty-six patients with mild-to-moderate depression were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method,each consisting of 33 cases.Another 25 healthy subjects were recruited as a healthy group.The control group took oral paroxetine tablets for treatment,and the observation group received additional acupuncture treatment 3 times weekly.Both groups underwent 4-week treatment.Before treatment,after 2-week and 4-week treatment,and 2 weeks after treatment(follow-up),the patients were assessed using the Hamilton depression scale-17-item(HAMD-17),self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pattern element identification scale for depression.The two groups each randomly contributed 25 cases to detect the protein content of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)before treatment and after 4-week treatment,and compared with the healthy group.Results:After 2-week treatment,the markedly effective and total effective rates were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05);after 4-week treatment,the observation group significantly surpassed the control group in comparing the markedly effective rate(P<0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and at the follow-up,the HAMD-17 total score and sleep disorder factor score were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05);the anxiety-somatic score was lower in the observation group than in the control group after 2-week treatment(P<0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and at the follow-up,the observation group was lower than the control group in comparing the scores of SDS,SAS,and TCM pattern element identification scale for depression(P<0.05).After 4-week treatment,the observation group had an increased serum BDNF protein content,higher than that in the control group(P<0.05)and had no significant difference compared to the healthy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared to the use of oral paroxetine alone,acupuncture plus paroxetine can produce more significant efficacy in treating mild-to-moderate depression and act faster in improving sleep disorder and anxiety-somatic symptoms;increasing the serum BDNF protein content may be a part of the mechanism underlying its antidepressant actions.

Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain reduces anxiety and improves cognitive function in the hyperammonemia rat

Evidence suggests that the hyperammonemia （HA）-induced neuroinflammation and alterations in the serotonin （5-HT） system may contribute to cognitive decline and anxiety disorder during hepatic encephalopathy （HE）. Probiotics that maintain immune system homeostasis and regulate the 5-HT system may be potential treatment for HA-mediated neurological disorders in HE. In this study, we tested the efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus strain NS8 in preventing cognitive decline and anxie- ty-like behavior in HA rats. Chronic HA was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ammonium acetate for four weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats. HA rats were then given Lactobacillus helveticus strain NS8 （109 CFU mL 1） in drinking water as a dai- ly supplementation. The Morris water maze task assessed cognitive function, and the elevated plus maze test evaluated anxie- ty-like behavior. Neuroinflammation was assessed by measuring the inflammatory markers： inducible nitric oxide synthase, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-1 13 in the brain. 5-HT system activity was evaluated by measuring 5-HT and its metabolite, 5-HIAA, and the 5-HT precursor, tryptophan. Probiotic treatment of HA rats significantly reduced the level of inflammatory markers, decreased 5-HT metabolism, restored cognitive function and improved anxiety-like behavior. These results indicate that probiotic L. helveticus strain NS8 is beneficial for the treatment of cognitive decline and anxiety-like behavior in HA rats.

Effect comparason of thermosensitive moxibustion and estazolam on anxiety and depression in the patients of insomnia differentiated as liver qi stagnation

Objective： To observe the effect of thermosensitive moxibustion on anxiety and depression in the patients of insomnia differentiated as liver qi stagnation.Methods： From January 2015 to January 2017, 60 patients of insomnia differentiated as liver qi stagnation were collected in Shijiazhuang Municipal Chinese Medicine Hospital. According to the random number table, the patients were randomized into a moxibustion group（30 cases） and an estazolam group（30 cases）. In the moxibustion group, the thermosensitive moxibustion was adopted alternatively to the bilateral yuan-source points of the liver and gallbladder meridians. In the estazolam group, estazolam, 1 mg was prescribed for oral administration before sleep every day. After 15-day treatments, the sleep quality, the severity of anxiety and depression and the therapeutic effects were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.Results： Before treatment, the differences were not significant in the scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）, the self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） and the self-rating depression scale（SDS） between the two groups（all P〉0.05）. After treatment, the scores of PSQJ, SAS and SDS were all reduced remarkably as compared with those before treatment in the two groups（all P〈0.05）. PSQI score was（6.72 ±2.311）points in the moxibustion group and was（5.37 ±2.621） points in the estazolam group. SAS score was（31.76 ± 6.511） points in the moxibustion group and was（39.62 ± 4.371） points in the estazolam group.SDS score was（35.98 ±5.161） points in the moxibustion group and was（46.38 ±4.971） points in the estazolam group. After treatment, the scores of PSQI, SAS and SDS in the moxibustion group were reduced more remarkably as compared with the estazolam group, indicating the significant differences（all P 〈0.05）. After treatment, the scores of sleep efficacy and TCM symptoms were（72.65 ± 14.36） points and（69.36 ±4.28） points respectively in the moxibustion group, better than the estazolam group, indicating the significant differences（all P〈0.05）.Conclusion： The thermosensitive moxibustion at the yuan-source points of the liver and gallbladder meridians significantly improves the sleep quality, relieves the symptoms of anxiety and depression and enhances the therapeutic effects in the patients of insomnia differentiated as liver qi stagnation. Hence,this therapy deserves to be recommended in clinical practice.

Clinical Observation of Anxiety after Earthquake by Acupuncture and Hydro-acupuncture

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture and hydro-acupuncture in treating anxiety. Methods： Compare between the therapeutic effect of 186 cases of Three Huang Points of DONG＇s extra points in treating anxiety and that of 139 cases by purely Western medicine buspirone. Results： The total effective rate of the treatment group was 91.4%, and the rate of the control group was 93.5%. There was statistical difference of Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Self Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） scores before and after treatment in both groups （P 〈 0.001）, while there was no statistical difference between the two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture treatment compared favorably to anti-anxiety drug buspirone. Oral administration of buspirone had different degrees of side effects, .such as dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating and acidophilus, while there was basically no side effects of acupuncture and the effect of acupuncture was better than buspirone. This was especially suitable for patients who could not take medications for various reasons.

Clinical study on brain-benefiting and collateralunblocking needling technique for chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique for chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression. Methods： A total of 92 cases with chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression were included in this trial. They were randomly allocated into an observation group（n=46） and a control group（n=46） by random number（envelope） method. Patients in the observation group received the brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique. Scalp points included Shenting（GV 24）, Xinhui（GV 22）, Qianding（GV 23）, Baihui（GV 20）, Chengguang（BL 6）, Tongtian（BL 7） and Luoque（BL 8）. Body points included Neiguan（PC 6）, Zusanli（ST 36）, Zhongwan（CV 12）, Gongsun（SP 4）, Shenmen（HT 7）, Daling（PC 7）, Qimen（LR 14）, Xinshu（BL 15） and Taichong（LR 3）. The control group only received the same body acupuncture as the observation group. The treatment was conducted once a day, 30 min for each treatment, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. The efficacy was observed after 3 courses of treatment, and there was a 2-d interval between two courses. Results： After 3 courses of treatment, the clinical symptoms and gastroscopic features were significantly improved in the observation group than that in the control group. The clinical efficacy, self-rating anxiety scale（SAS） and self-rating depression scale（SDS） were significantly better than those in the control group（all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The brain-benefiting and collateral-unblocking needling technique can significantly improve clinical symptoms in patients with chronic alcoholic gastritis complicated with depression and substantially alleviate their gastroscopic features, anxiety and depression.

Therapeutic Evaluation of Different Needling Methods for Tension-type Headache

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with medication for treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD）.Methods：A total of 60 patients with PSD in conformity with the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group,with 30 in each.Those in the treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture combined with medication,and those in the control group were treated with medication alone.Before and after treatment,the patients of the two groups were evaluated by means of function independent measure （FIM） and the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF （WHOQOL-BREF）.Results：After the treatments,the changes of FIM scores have statistical significant in both of the two groups （P0.01）;and the improvement in the treatment group was more remarkable than that in the control group （P0.01）.The differences in the scores in various indexes of WHOQOL-BREF in the patients of the two groups before and after treatments were both statistically significant （P0.01,P0.05）.And the change in the treatment group was more remarkable than that in the control group （P0.01,P0.05）.Conclusion：Electroacupuncture on Niesanzhen （three points on the bitemporal） as major treatment can improve activities of daily living and quality of life for patients with PSD.

Clinical Study on Combined Acupuncture and Psychological Desensitization Therapy for Anxiety due to Heroin Addiction

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization therapy for anxiety in those with heroin addiction. Methods： All 90 cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group （45 cases） and a control group （45 cases）. Cases in the treatment group received 30 min of combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization therapy for each treatment, twice a week and 8 weeks in total, whereas cases in the control group received no treatment. After that, the anxiety score and state were observed. In addition, the mental state prior to and after cue-elicited heroin craving was evaluated. Results： The total and standard scores of anxiety in the treatment group were significantly reduced compared to the control group （P〈0.05）, coupled with a significant reduction of heroin craving （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Combined acupuncture and psychological desensitization can alleviate anxiety and inhibit the short-term heroin craving.

Anti-anxiety activity of successive extracts of angelica archangelica linn.on the elevated t-maze and forced swimming tests in rats

OBJECTIVE:Angelica archangelica Linn.is widely used in food and liquor preparations and also in Kashmiri folk medicine to reduce anxiety.We evaluated the anxiolytic effect of successive extracts of A.archangelica linn.(SAE) on rats tested in the elevated T-maze test(an animal model of generalized anxiety) at doses that exhibit antidepressant-like activity in humans.METHODS:A.archangelica(1 kg) was subjected to successive extraction in a soxhlet apparatus with solvents [petroleum ether(40-60℃),chloroform,ethyl acetate,methanol and decoction with water] in order of increasing polarity(yield:6.9%,7.3%,5.1%,11.88% and 8.2% w/w,respectively).SAE were evaluated for anxiolytic effects using the elevated T-maze and forced swimming tests in rats.RESULTS:Oral dosing of diazepam(1 mg/kg) and extracts(50,100 and 200 mg/kg) clearly showed an anxiolytic-like profile in the elevated T-maze test:it increased one-way escape and decreased inhibitory avoidance on the first,third and seventh day.In the forced swimming test,imipramine and SAE showed antidepressant-and anxiolytic-like effects as reflected by increased climbing time,swimming time and decreased immobility time on the first,third and seventh day.Aqueous and methanol extracts showed the most,petroleum ether(40-60℃) and chloroform intermediate,and ethyl acetate the least anxiolytic activity(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P< 0.001) in both models.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest the anti-anxiety activity of various extracts of A.archangelica and strongly justify its use in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of anxiety.