Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating i...Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.展开更多
＂Paradise Garden＂ concept has given rise to the application of several spiritual and aesthetic meaning that helped raise the efficiency of the therapeutic environment. The hypothesis revolves around the idea that th...＂Paradise Garden＂ concept has given rise to the application of several spiritual and aesthetic meaning that helped raise the efficiency of the therapeutic environment. The hypothesis revolves around the idea that the technological development increased the interest in the functional side rather than the aesthetic side in the current therapeutic buildings. This had a negative effect on the efficiency of the functional environment and thus exceeded the negative impact on the satisfaction and comfort of the building users. This hypothesis has been tested through two types of studies： first, analytical study of four hospitals by analyzing the horizontal projections to measure the effects of the natural lighting and ventilation; second, questionnaires were distributed to both the patients and the staff in the therapeutic buildings to measure the therapeutic environment efficiency and the extent of satisfaction of users of the building. It was concluded that the natural lighting and ventilation drive up healing rate in the therapeutic environment. The correctness of this idea is revealed by the conclusion that the technological advances in the medical field helped to raise the level of functional performance and thus it replaced a large part of the role of the natural lighting and ventilation.展开更多
The introduction of daylight can improve buildings’energy efficiency and bring benefit to occupant satisfaction.However,the introduction of daylight may accompany with excessive heat.Properly counterbalancing the ene...The introduction of daylight can improve buildings’energy efficiency and bring benefit to occupant satisfaction.However,the introduction of daylight may accompany with excessive heat.Properly counterbalancing the energy consumption of air conditioning and lighting systems owing to the entry of daylight is a critical control target of dynamic shading adjustment in cooling season.Most dynamic shading control strategies in use only consider one single system.Additionally,for advanced control mode like performance-based control,the predictive model usually only examines the instantaneous effect of energy performance to determine the shading adjustment state,unable to quantify the overall influence of shading adjustment state on building energy consumption.In order to address this issue,special consideration is given to calculating the cumulative contribution of heat gains to cooling load in this study.An overall energy-efficient shading control metric is proposed and used as basis to develop optimized dynamic shading control strategy.An application example demonstrates that the SGR-Optimal control strategy can further save energy by 21.8%~38.8%when compared to the Rule-based control strategy,thus allowing a better exploration of the energy efficiency potential of daylight measure.展开更多
The complete description of outdoor luminous and thermal environment is the basis for daylight utilization design with simulation tools.Nevertheless,Typical Meteorological Year(TMY)and generation method specifically d...The complete description of outdoor luminous and thermal environment is the basis for daylight utilization design with simulation tools.Nevertheless,Typical Meteorological Year(TMY)and generation method specifically developed for the energy simulation of daylight-utilized buildings is still unavailable currently.Luminous environment parameters have not been taken into consideration in existing TMY generation methods.In this study,the feasibility of existing TMY generation process has been examined.A generic office model implementing sided window daylighting is established.Historical meteorological data of Hong Kong region from 1979 to 2007 have been collected and three existing weighting schemes are applied during the Typical Meteorological Month(TMM)selection procedures.Three TMY files for Hong Kong are generated and used to conduct integrated Climate-Based Daylight Modeling and building energy simulation.The result demonstrates that,on annual basis,the energy consumption results obtained from the generated TMY files are in good agreements with the long-term mean annual value.The maximum deviation of annual energy consumptions for the generated TMY files is only 1.8%.However,further analysis on monthly basis shows that all the three generated TMY files fail to fully represent the long-term monthly mean level.The maximum deviation of monthly energy consumptions for the generated TMY files can reach up to 11%.As the energy performance daylight utilization is subject to weather change,analysis on daily and monthly energy level is important,especially during design stage.The deficiency of existing TMM selection process and TMY generation method indicates the necessity to develop a corresponding typical weather data input with finer resolution for the energy simulation of daylight-related buildings.展开更多
文摘Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.
文摘＂Paradise Garden＂ concept has given rise to the application of several spiritual and aesthetic meaning that helped raise the efficiency of the therapeutic environment. The hypothesis revolves around the idea that the technological development increased the interest in the functional side rather than the aesthetic side in the current therapeutic buildings. This had a negative effect on the efficiency of the functional environment and thus exceeded the negative impact on the satisfaction and comfort of the building users. This hypothesis has been tested through two types of studies： first, analytical study of four hospitals by analyzing the horizontal projections to measure the effects of the natural lighting and ventilation; second, questionnaires were distributed to both the patients and the staff in the therapeutic buildings to measure the therapeutic environment efficiency and the extent of satisfaction of users of the building. It was concluded that the natural lighting and ventilation drive up healing rate in the therapeutic environment. The correctness of this idea is revealed by the conclusion that the technological advances in the medical field helped to raise the level of functional performance and thus it replaced a large part of the role of the natural lighting and ventilation.
文摘The introduction of daylight can improve buildings’energy efficiency and bring benefit to occupant satisfaction.However,the introduction of daylight may accompany with excessive heat.Properly counterbalancing the energy consumption of air conditioning and lighting systems owing to the entry of daylight is a critical control target of dynamic shading adjustment in cooling season.Most dynamic shading control strategies in use only consider one single system.Additionally,for advanced control mode like performance-based control,the predictive model usually only examines the instantaneous effect of energy performance to determine the shading adjustment state,unable to quantify the overall influence of shading adjustment state on building energy consumption.In order to address this issue,special consideration is given to calculating the cumulative contribution of heat gains to cooling load in this study.An overall energy-efficient shading control metric is proposed and used as basis to develop optimized dynamic shading control strategy.An application example demonstrates that the SGR-Optimal control strategy can further save energy by 21.8%~38.8%when compared to the Rule-based control strategy,thus allowing a better exploration of the energy efficiency potential of daylight measure.
基金supported in part by grants from Science and Technology Support Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutralization Special Project of Shanghai 2021“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”[grant numbers 21DZ1208400].
文摘The complete description of outdoor luminous and thermal environment is the basis for daylight utilization design with simulation tools.Nevertheless,Typical Meteorological Year(TMY)and generation method specifically developed for the energy simulation of daylight-utilized buildings is still unavailable currently.Luminous environment parameters have not been taken into consideration in existing TMY generation methods.In this study,the feasibility of existing TMY generation process has been examined.A generic office model implementing sided window daylighting is established.Historical meteorological data of Hong Kong region from 1979 to 2007 have been collected and three existing weighting schemes are applied during the Typical Meteorological Month(TMM)selection procedures.Three TMY files for Hong Kong are generated and used to conduct integrated Climate-Based Daylight Modeling and building energy simulation.The result demonstrates that,on annual basis,the energy consumption results obtained from the generated TMY files are in good agreements with the long-term mean annual value.The maximum deviation of annual energy consumptions for the generated TMY files is only 1.8%.However,further analysis on monthly basis shows that all the three generated TMY files fail to fully represent the long-term monthly mean level.The maximum deviation of monthly energy consumptions for the generated TMY files can reach up to 11%.As the energy performance daylight utilization is subject to weather change,analysis on daily and monthly energy level is important,especially during design stage.The deficiency of existing TMM selection process and TMY generation method indicates the necessity to develop a corresponding typical weather data input with finer resolution for the energy simulation of daylight-related buildings.
