探究低渗透煤储层煤层气开采有效技术途径

煤储层煤层气是一种自生自储的天然气,相对于传统的化石燃料较为清洁,我国拥有庞大的煤层气的储量,但由于其所处煤层表现出吸解速度慢、渗透率低、吸附性强等特点,这就导致无法通过煤层实验井进行有效开采。如何高效的进行低渗透煤储层煤层气的开采成为了我国煤层气开采的关键问题,下文笔者将结合煤层气开采的实际情况对低渗透煤储层煤层气的开采提出几点建议。

晋城矿区煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策方法

为进一步提高煤矿区煤与煤层气共采效率,需要对现阶段煤与煤层气协调开发模式进行优化决策,针对该问题,以晋城矿区为研究对象,基于层次规划思想提出了“采煤工作面→采区→矿井”3层级煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策思路;界定了采煤工作面煤与煤层气开发3区范围,采用非线性规划数学方法构建了采煤工作面煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策理论;基于3区时长控制关键因素建立了3区时长控制机制,明确了特殊阶段转换临界指标;基于优化决策目标内容,采用系统分析及归纳演绎法从安全性、经济性、资源效益性3方面构建了采煤工作面煤与煤层气协调开发效果评价指标体系及评价考核标准,对寺河煤矿东五盘区5301采煤工作面的煤与煤层气协调开发效果进行定量评价应用,验证了评价指标体系具有良好的现场适用性;基于煤层气开发技术和煤层气赋存条件,采用BP神经网络算法,建立了煤层气开采量预测模型,以寺河煤矿地面垂直井和井下顺层长钻孔为煤层气开采技术代表分析论证了其现场可操作性;以3区时长控制机制为纽带、以煤与煤层气开发全生命周期资源量守恒定律为本构模型、引入煤层气开采量预测模型,构建得到以3区时长为最基本待求解变量的采煤工作面煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策模型,决策模型以评价指标体系和特殊阶段转换临界指标作为求解约束条件,建立了可借助计算机编程语言实现的采煤工作面煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策流程,具体流程为“构建所有技术方案的3区时空关系制约方程并求解→通过协调开发效果评价确定每个技术方案的最佳开发方案→从所有技术方案的最佳开发方案中优选获得最佳开发方案”。研究表明:“以煤矿区煤与煤层气赋存条件、开采技术、现场实践数据为基础数据,以非线性规划、人工智能为建模方法,以计算机编程为具体实现手段”的煤与煤层气协调开发模式优化决策方法在理论与实践方面是可行的,该优化决策方法能够为解决晋城矿区煤层气开采与煤炭开采的时空矛盾问题提供指导意见。

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells in the Huainan coal mining area

Exploitation technology of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells is a new method for exploration of gas and coalbed methane exploitation in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed. Studies on vertical surface well technology in the Huainan Coal Mining area play a role in demonstration in the use of clean, new energy resources, preventing and reducing coal mine gas accidents and protecting the environment. Based on the practice of gas drainage engineering of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells and combined with relative geological and exploration en- gineering theories, the design principles of design and structure of wells of pressure relief coalbed methane in vertical surface wells are studied. The effects of extraction and their causes are discussed and the impact of geological conditions on gas production of the vertical surface wells are analyzed. The results indicate that in mining areas with high concentrations of gas, where tectonic coal developed, a success rate of pressure relief coalbed methane in surface vertical well is high and single well production usually great. But deformation due to coal exploitation could damage boreholes and cause breaks in the connection between aquifers and bore-holes, which could induce a decrease, even a complete halt in gas production of a single well. The design of well site location and wellbore configuration are the key for technology. The development of the geological conditions for coalbed methane have a significant effect on gas production of coalbed methane wells.

Reservoir reconstruction technologies for coalbed methane recovery in deep and multiple seams

Multiple coal seams widely develop in the deep Chinese coal-bearing strata. Ground in situ stress and coal seam gas pressure increase continuously with the increase of the mining depth, and coal and gas outburst disasters become increasingly severe. When the coal is very deep, the gas content and pressure will elevate and thus coal seams tends to outburst-prone seams. The safety and economics of exploited firstmined coal seams are tremendously restricted. Meanwhile, the multiple seams occurrence conditions resulted in different methane pressure systems in the coal-bearing strata, which made the reservoir reconstruction of coal difficult. Given the characteristics of low saturation, low permeability, strong anisotropy and soft coal of Chinese coal seams, a single hydraulic fracturing surface well for reservoir reconstruction to pre-drain the coalbed methane(CBM) of multiple seams concurrently under the different gas pressure systems has not yet gained any breakthroughs. Based on analyses of the main features of deep CBM reservoirs in China, current gas control methods and the existing challenges in deep and multiple seams, we proposed a new technology for deep CBM reservoir reconstruction to realize simultaneous high-efficiency coal mining and gas extraction. In particular, we determined the first-mined seam according to the principles of effectiveness and economics, and used hydraulic fracturing surface well to reconstruct the first-mined seam which enlarges the selection range of the first-mined seam. During the process of mining first-mined seam, adjacent coal seams could be reconstructed under the mining effect which promoted high-efficiency pressure relief gas extraction by using spatial and comprehensive gas drainage methods(combination of underground and ground CBM extraction methods). A typical integrated reservoir reconstruction technology, ‘‘One well for triple use", was detailed introduced and successfully applied in the Luling coal mine. The application showed that the proposed technology could effectively promote coal mining safety and simultaneously high-efficiency gas extraction.

Technique of coal mining and gas extraction without coal pillar in multi-seam with low permeability

Aimed at the low mining efficiency in deep multi-seams because of high crustalstress,high gas content,low permeability,the compound 'three soft' roof and the trouble-somesafety situation encountered in deep level coal exploitation,proposed a new idea ofgob-side retaining without a coal-pillar and Y-style ventilation in the first-mined key pressure-relieved coal seam and a new method of coal mining and gas extraction.The followingwere discovered:the dynamic evolution law of the crannies in the roof is influenced bymining,the formative rule of 'the vertical cranny-abundant area' along the gob-side,thedistribution of air pressure field in the gob,and the flowing rule of pressure-relieved gas ina Y-style ventilation system.The study also established a theoretic basis for a new miningmethod of coal mining and gas extraction which is used to extract the pressure-relievedgas by roadway retaining boreholes instead of roadway boreholes.Studied and resolvedmany difficult key problems,such as,fast roadway retaining at the gob-side without a coalpillar,Y-style ventilation and extraction of pressure-relieved gas by roadway retainingboreholes,and so on.The study innovated and integrated a whole set of technical systemsfor coal and pressure relief gas extraction.The method of the pressure-relieved gasextraction by roadway retaining had been successfully applied in 6 typical working faces inthe Huainan and Huaibei mining areas.The research can provide a scientific and reliabletechnical support and a demonstration for coal mining and gas extraction in gaseous deepmulti-seams with low permeability.

Technological framework of coordinated coal mining and coalbed methane

According to the mining mechanisms of CBM combined with coal structure andthe key technologies of coordinated mining coal and coalbed methane under differentmining coal models, the theoretical foundation of coordinated mining of coal and coalbedmethane was expounded, and the mining models of coordinated mining of coal andcoal-bed methane were classified.This research can provide a reference to safety productionof coal mines and development of CBM resources.