煤层水压致裂后煤岩应力解析

水压致裂后煤岩应力分布规律对水压致裂防冲效果起关键性作用。采用理论研究方法得出高压注水压致裂后及卸水后水区和气区的孔隙、瓦斯压力和煤体应力解析解。结果表明,致裂后水区孔隙压力沿径向变化不大,与注水压力接近;气区瓦斯压力沿径向呈递减趋势;在水区外围一定范围内形成瓦斯压力升高区;水区煤体环向应力将会减小,直到变为拉应力;气区煤体径向应力沿径向递减。卸水后水区孔隙压力、煤体径向应力沿径向呈递增趋势;气区煤体径向应力沿径向呈递增趋势,趋近于原始煤体应力;气区煤体环向应力沿径向呈递减趋势;气区孔隙压力沿径向呈递减趋势。这为煤层水压致裂预防冲击地压提供理论基础。

煤岩应力动态监测系统的设计

分析了现有煤矿监测系统的现状,提出利用CAN总线进行分布式的煤岩应力动态监测,给出了系统设计的性能要求,详细介绍了系统的硬件设计过程.系统结合高精度数据采集技术和先进的CAN现场总线技术,实现了分布式煤岩应力的高精度实时动态监测.

煤岩应力监测系统井下监控分站的设计

介绍了煤岩应力监测系统中井下监控分站的设计方案.井下监控分站负责煤岩应力的采集、处理和传输.根据受载煤岩变形产生电磁辐射理论,煤岩中应力越高,变形破裂过程越强烈,电磁辐射信号越强.监控分站以LPC2103为控制核心,通过定向天线接收煤岩变形产生的电磁辐射信号,经过调理和放大,再由A/D转换器MAX1275进行高精度模数转换,然后送LPC2103处理,并通过CAN总线传输到井上监控主机和监控服务器.

煤岩应力分布式监测系统设计

针对现有煤岩应力监测存在布线复杂、可扩展性差及数据传输实时性不高等问题,基于无线传感器网络架构,设计了一种煤岩应力分布式监测系统。该系统以CC2530芯片为核心,利用传感节点采集钻孔煤岩应力,路由节点通过ZigBee网络接收采集数据并传至汇聚节点,汇聚节点通过工业以太网将数据传到上位机进行显示、存储和分析。测试结果表明,传感节点与汇聚节点间最大通信距离达50m,该系统可实时、准确地监测煤岩应力,具有操作方便、部署灵活、易于扩展等优点。

大采高开采扰动区煤岩应力分布特征

以宁东矿区6.2 m采高工作面开采扰动区内煤岩赋存特征为背景,采用数值模拟和现场监测方法,研究了在破碎围岩环境下,大采高开采扰动区内(主运巷)煤岩应力变化特征。对工作面端头应力以及主运巷煤柱侧应力分布进行了实测分析与总结。

射孔间距-倾角对深煤层水力裂缝扩展影响的离散元分析

研究煤岩储层裂缝扩展的影响因素,对提高煤层气采收率十分重要。为探究不同射孔间距-倾角对深层煤岩裂缝扩展规律的影响,利用离散元分析方法,考虑井周煤岩应力变化特征、最大周向应力准则、原始储层等条件,研究射孔间距-倾角对压裂缝网扩展形态及延伸范围的影响规律。模拟结果表明:随射孔间距从40 mm变化至100 mm,当间距为60 mm时裂缝条数数量最多;当射孔倾角从15°到60°变化时,当射孔角度为45°时,缝网形态最为复杂;即射孔间距为60 mm且射孔倾角为θ=45°时,水力裂缝的缝网形态复杂度显著增大,缝网扩展范围最大。通过神府北木瓜区Y-1井验证,预测结果与实测数据具有一致性,证明所建煤岩数值模型的正确性。

煤岩瓦斯电磁辐射耦合理论研究

实验研究表明煤体内存在瓦斯气体时，随着瓦斯压力的升高、煤体强度降低，同时测得的电磁辐射信号脉冲数也比较低。在此实验基础上，本文结合煤岩力电耦合方程，提出了煤岩瓦斯电磁辐射耦合理论及耦合方程，并提出了使用FLAC^(3D)计算煤岩瓦斯电磁辐射耦合方程的计算方法，为使用电磁辐射法预测煤与瓦斯延迟突出提供了理论基础。

螺旋滚筒截割顶板工况的数值模拟

根据截齿截割机理和有限元理论,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了螺旋滚筒截割顶板的煤岩耦合模型,得到截割过程中螺旋滚筒受到的冲击载荷,并验证其载荷的可靠性;通过对螺旋滚筒的动力学分析,找出其在工作过程中的应力分布规律。研究表明:螺旋滚筒的最大应力主要集中在合金头的齿尖局部接触区域、齿柄头部的轴肩处以及截齿齿座根部,当滚筒转速相同时,煤岩受到的应力增加幅度随牵引速度的增加先增大随后逐渐减小;若牵引速度不变时,煤岩受到的应力减小幅度随滚筒转速增大而逐渐变小。分析结果为薄煤层采煤机螺旋滚筒的结构设计及其截割性能的提高提供了重要参考。

急倾斜特厚煤层深部开采动压防治技术

介绍了急倾斜特厚煤层深部开采条件下断顶爆破防治动压灾害的基本原理,并通过应力监测对其防治效果进行检验。检验结果表明断顶爆破能够对动压危险区域起到较好的卸压作用,从而降低动压危险性,有利于矿井的安全生产。

Effects of thermal treatment on physical and mechanical characteristics of coal rock

To study the physical and mechanical properties of coal rock after treatment at different temperatures under impact loading, dynamic compression experiments were conducted by using a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The stress–strain curves of specimens under impact loading were obtained, and then four indexes affected by temperature were analyzed in the experiment: the longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus, peak stress and peak strain. Among these indexes, the elastic modulus was utilized to express the specimens' damage characteristics. The results show that the stress–strain curves under impact loading lack the stage of micro-fissure closure and the slope of the elastic deformation stage is higher than that under static loading. Due to the dynamic loading effect, the peak stress increases while peak strain decreases. The dynamic mechanical properties of coal rock show obvious temperature effects. The longitudinal wave velocity, elastic modulus and peak stress all decrease to different extents with increasing temperature, while the peak strain increases continuously. During the whole heating process, the thermal damage value continues to increase linearly, which indicates that the internal structure of coal rock is gradually damaged by high temperature.

中空注浆锚索在高压煤巷中的应用

针对紫金煤业高应力软煤岩巷道支护困难的现状,提出了采用锚带网喷+中空注浆锚索联合支护的方案。介绍了中空注浆锚索支护机理、施工工艺,制定了联合支护方案,并在1203面材料巷进行了支护试验。试验结果表明,采用该联合方案能较好地控制巷道围岩变形。

Theory and test research on permeability of coal and rock body influenced by mining

Stress distribution rules and deformation and failure properties of coal and rockbodies influenced by mining were analyzed.Experimental research on permeability of coaland rock samples under different loading conditions was finished in the laboratory.In-situmeasurement of coal permeability influenced by actual mining was done as well.Theoryanalysis show that permeability varied with damage development of coal and rock understress,and the influence of fissure on permeability was greatest.Laboratory results showthat under different loading conditions permeability was different and it varied with stress,which indicated that permeability was directly related to the loading process.In-situ testsshowed that permeability is related to abutment stress to some degree.The above resultsmay be referenced to gas prevention and drainage.

许疃煤矿煤巷支护技术及顶板事故的研究

分析了锚杆支护对破碎高应力地质条件下煤岩体作用机理,结合煤巷锚杆支护在许疃煤矿应用情况,分析了煤巷锚杆支护发生冒顶事故原因,提出了预防措施。

圆锥形喷嘴出口直径对水射流冲击动力特性的影响研究

为探讨喷嘴结构对水射流冲击动力特性的影响,以圆锥形喷嘴为研究对象,基于COMSOL数值模拟软件,建立不同出口直径的圆锥形喷嘴模型,研究出口直径对水射流冲击动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:圆锥形喷嘴水射流冲击煤岩体过程中,不同喷嘴出口直径下水射流流场分布特征相似,整个流场可分为集中区、发散区、回流区和卷吸区4个区域,随喷嘴出口直径增大,卷吸区逐渐消失,其余3个区域分布也明显减弱;煤岩体应力分布可分为中心应力集中区和两侧应力集中区,随喷嘴出口直径不断增大,中心应力集中区与两侧应力集中区的范围逐渐减小,当喷嘴出口直径为6 mm时,两侧应力集中区基本消失;主体段入口速度恒定条件下,圆锥形喷嘴优选以2~3 mm出口直径为宜,此时水射流冲击煤岩体效果较佳,且不会对喷嘴产生结构破坏。

Correlation of electromagnetic radiation emitted from coal or rock to supporting resistance

More accurate forecasting of rock burst might be possible from observations of electromagnetic radiation emitted in the mine.We analyzed experimental observations and field data from the Muchengjian coal mine to study the relationship between electromagnetic radiation signal intensity and stress during the fracturing of coal, or rock, and samples under load.The results show that the signal intensity is positively correlated with stress.In addition, we investigated the change in the electromagnetic radiation intensity, the supporting resistance in a real coal mine environment, and the coal or rock stress in the mining area.The data analysis indicates that:1) electromagnetic radiation intensity can accurately reflect the distribution of stress in the mining area;and, 2) there is a correlation between electromagnetic radiation intensity and supporting resistance.The research has some practical guiding significance for rock burst forecasting and for the prevention of accidents in coal mines.

Mechanical genesis of Henan(China) Yima thrust nappe structure

Considering the serious coal and rock dynamic disasters around the main slip plane called F16 in the coal mining area) of Henan Yima(China) thrust nappe structure,the mechanical genesis of the Yima thrust nappe structure was studied comprehensively using geomechanics,fault mechanics,elastic mechanics,and Coulomb's law of friction.First,using the centrifugal inertia force of Earth's rotation as a source,a mechanical model of N-S compression superimposed with W-E reverse torsion was established to explain the formation of the early Yima coal basin and Jurassic Yima Group coal measures.Second,an equation for the ultimate stress in the forming stage of F16 was derived using the plastic slip-line field theory and the parabolic Mohr failure criterion.Moreover,the distribution of ultimate stress and the geometric characteristics of the fault profile were obtained using the field model parameters.Finally,the stress field of F16 and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet were discussed based on elastic mechanics theory and Coulomb's law of friction.The results show that the tectonic framework of the early Yima coal basin and the formation pattern of Jurassic Yima Group coal measures given by the model are consistent with the in-situ explorations.The geometric characteristics of the fault profile obtained by numerical calculation can better reflect the shape of F16 in its forming stage,and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet also concurred with the field situations.Thus,this work can provide a foundation for further studies on the genesis of the thrust nappe structure,the mechanism of rock bursts induced by F16,and the characteristics of the residual stress field in the Yima mining area.

Characteristics of stress distribution in floor strata and control of roadway stability under coal pillars

Given the difficulties encountered in roadway support under coal pillars,we studied the characteristics of stress distribution and their effect on roadway stability,using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.The results show that,under a coal pillar,vertical stress in a floor stratum increases while horizontal stress decreases.We conclude that the increased difference between vertical and horizontal stress is an important reason for deformation of the surrounding rock and failures of roadways under coal pillars.Based on this,we propose control technologies of the surrounding rock of a roadway under a coal pillar,such as high strength and high pre-stressed bolt support,cable reinforcement support single hydraulic prop with beam support and reinforcement by grouting of the surrounding rock,which have been successfully applied in a stability control project of a roadway under a coal pillar.

Characteristics of in situ stress field at Qingshui coal mine

In this study, the characteristics of geological structure at Qingshui coal mine were analyzed. And the hollow inclusion strain cell overcoring method was used to obtain the in situ stress. The effect of in situ stress on the stability of soft rock roadway was analyzed. The results show that the maximum principal stress is in the horizontal direction with a northeast orientation and has a value of about 1.2–1.9 times larger than gravity; the right side of roadway roof and floor is easily subject to serious deformation and failure, and the in situ stress is found to be a major factor. This paper presents important information for developing countermeasures against the large deformation of the soft rock roadway at Qingshui coal mine.

Pressure-relief effect of coal rock body of long distance lower protective seam mined based on FLAC^(3D)

According to the specific geological condition, analyzed the stress distribution of the overlying strata, the displacement of pressure released seam, thickness variation and the distribution of plastic zones by FLAG3D software to simulate mining of the long-distance lower protective seam. The research results show that the distribution of vertical stress appears as a ＂Double-hump＂ within the pressure-relief range of the protected coal seam and the swelling deformation curve of coal bodies takes an ＂M＂ shape. The swelling is divided into initial swelling, swelling increase and swelling compression stability. The maximum swelling ratio of the pressure released seam is 1.84%, protection angle of the lower protective coal seam along the strike direction is about 55°, protection angle below the dip direction is about 50°, protection angle above the dip direction is about 55°, and the coal seam compression zone resembles a ＂U＂ shape.

Caving thickness effects of surrounding rocks macro stress shell evolving characteristics

In order to explore the influence of different caving thicknesses on the MSS distributionand evolving characteristics of surrounding rocks in unsymmetrical disposal andfully mechanized top-coal caving (FMTC),based on unsymmetrical disposal characteristics,the analyses of numerical simulation,material simulation and in-situ observation weresynthetically applied according to the geological and technical conditions of the 1151(3)working face in Xieqiao Mine.The results show that the stress peak value of the MSS-baseand the ratio of MSS-body height to caving thickness are nonlinear and inverselyproportional to the caving thickness.The MSS-base width,the MSS-body height,theMSS-base distance to working face wall and the rise distance of MSS-base beside coalpillar are nonlinear and directly proportional to the caving thickness.The characteristics ofMSS distribution and its evolving rules of surrounding rocks and the integrated cavingthickness effects are obtained.The investigations will provide lots of theoretic referencesto the surrounding rocks' stability control of the working face and roadway,roadway layout,gas extraction and exploitation,and efficiency of caving,etc.