Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. ...Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. Pilot tests showed that air classification efficiencies varied from 74.85% to 93.84% at cut-size 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.5 mm when free moisture of coal is in the range of 1.7% to 9.5%, and ash contents of fine coal products were 2%～3% lower than those of the same size fractions in feed, and 4%～10% lower than those of feeds for most cases because of the density differences between coal and waste, which is beneficial to producing lower ash fine coal from raw coal as fuel of blast furnaces or pulverized coal firing boilers. A commercial unit of 100 t/h has been in smooth operation, and several 300～400 t/h units are in plan or construction.展开更多
中国煤炭储量丰富、消耗量大且其资源禀赋与经济发展水平呈逆向分布,大宗煤炭铁路运输所导致的温室效应不容忽视。由于铁路机车的技术应用存在时空异质性,因而有必要从生命周期视角解析煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的时空变异特征,探索减...中国煤炭储量丰富、消耗量大且其资源禀赋与经济发展水平呈逆向分布,大宗煤炭铁路运输所导致的温室效应不容忽视。由于铁路机车的技术应用存在时空异质性,因而有必要从生命周期视角解析煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的时空变异特征,探索减排潜力。本文在构建煤炭铁路运输生命周期温室气体排放(Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions,LC-GHGEs)核算模型的基础上,量化1999—2017年3类机车的省级LC-GHGEs因子,刻画LC-GHGEs的总体变化趋势与时空分异特征。结果显示:(1)随着西北电力机车工作量占比大幅提升与西南水电的大力发展,西北、西南铁路运输的LC-GHGEs因子呈显著下降,而华北、华东呈略微上升,省际差异逐步缩小。(2)1999—2017年,煤炭铁路运输LC-GHGEs总量首先呈现相对稳定的增长趋势,经历2002—2011年的煤炭"黄金十年"后开始迅速下降,然后在2017年再次上升。自2002年起,电力机车替代内燃机车成为温室气体排放最大的贡献者。(3)内蒙古替代山西成为LC-GHGEs贡献最高的煤炭输出省份,重点输出省份的西向转移加剧了煤炭铁路运输的温室效应。煤炭铁路运输LC-GHGEs在输入省份的分布较为分散,钢铁生产大省的贡献较为突出。最后,基于上述研究结果,从机车技术升级、能源结构调整、调运系统优化等方面提出了如何有效降低煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的对策建议。展开更多
文摘Vibrated fluidized bed air classification is completely different from traditional screening in principle. It extracts fine coal from moist raw coal by entrainment of an ascending airflow in a vibrated fluidized bed. Pilot tests showed that air classification efficiencies varied from 74.85% to 93.84% at cut-size 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.5 mm when free moisture of coal is in the range of 1.7% to 9.5%, and ash contents of fine coal products were 2%～3% lower than those of the same size fractions in feed, and 4%～10% lower than those of feeds for most cases because of the density differences between coal and waste, which is beneficial to producing lower ash fine coal from raw coal as fuel of blast furnaces or pulverized coal firing boilers. A commercial unit of 100 t/h has been in smooth operation, and several 300～400 t/h units are in plan or construction.
文摘中国煤炭储量丰富、消耗量大且其资源禀赋与经济发展水平呈逆向分布,大宗煤炭铁路运输所导致的温室效应不容忽视。由于铁路机车的技术应用存在时空异质性,因而有必要从生命周期视角解析煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的时空变异特征,探索减排潜力。本文在构建煤炭铁路运输生命周期温室气体排放(Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions,LC-GHGEs)核算模型的基础上,量化1999—2017年3类机车的省级LC-GHGEs因子,刻画LC-GHGEs的总体变化趋势与时空分异特征。结果显示:(1)随着西北电力机车工作量占比大幅提升与西南水电的大力发展,西北、西南铁路运输的LC-GHGEs因子呈显著下降,而华北、华东呈略微上升,省际差异逐步缩小。(2)1999—2017年,煤炭铁路运输LC-GHGEs总量首先呈现相对稳定的增长趋势,经历2002—2011年的煤炭"黄金十年"后开始迅速下降,然后在2017年再次上升。自2002年起,电力机车替代内燃机车成为温室气体排放最大的贡献者。(3)内蒙古替代山西成为LC-GHGEs贡献最高的煤炭输出省份,重点输出省份的西向转移加剧了煤炭铁路运输的温室效应。煤炭铁路运输LC-GHGEs在输入省份的分布较为分散,钢铁生产大省的贡献较为突出。最后,基于上述研究结果,从机车技术升级、能源结构调整、调运系统优化等方面提出了如何有效降低煤炭铁路运输温室气体排放的对策建议。
