照波的植物组织培养研究

目的:建立照波组织培养体系。方法:以照波茎段为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过添加不同的植物生长物质种类和浓度配比,筛选各阶段最适宜的培养基。结果:在MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA 1.0 mg/L的培养基组合中利于愈伤组织诱导,在MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 0.3 mg/L的培养基中有较多不定芽形成。MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基为最佳的诱导生根培养基,生根苗移栽成活率达到90%,在1/2 MS+NAA 0.06 mg/L和1/2 MS+NAA 0.03 mg/L培养基中培养60天后可见黄色花苞形成。结论:试验初步建立了照波组织培养体系。

Rapid microwave irradiation fast preparation and characterization of few-layer graphenes

Few-layer graphenes were fabricated from expandable graphite by rapid microwave exfoliation. Expandable graphite was irradiated in a domestic microwave in full power for 3 min, then soaked in mixed strong hydrogen nitrate and sulfuric acid with volume ratio of 1：1 for 24 h and re-irradiated, thus few-layer graphene sheets were obtained. Specimens gained from every step were selectively characterized by different techniques, such as SEM, XRD, Raman, AFM, XPS, FTIR and combustion elemental analysis. The results show that expandable graphite with loose, porous and worm-like morphology forms instantaneously in microwave irradiation with crackling sound and sparkles, which manifests physical exfoliation of graphene sheets. Few-layer graphene sheets with a dozen or more layers and average thickness of about 4.7 nm are obtained eventually after sequential treatment of microwave irradiation, mixed acid soaking and second microwave irradiation. The as-prepared few-layer graphenes still have high crystallinity and high purity with traces of oxide groups and without serious unrecoverable oxidation damage.

Factors Influencing Conversion of Pyritic Sulfur in Coal by Microwave Irradiation

The high sulfur coal from southwest of China was used to examine the influence of different factors such as irradiation time, particle size of coal, and leachant (Na2CO3, NaOH and CuCl22H2O)on the conversion rate of pyrite to pyrrhotite by microwave irradiation. Single factor experiment was performed firstly, then orthogonal test method was used to explore these factors. The result shows that the optimal treating conditions for the conversion are a treatment time of 3 min, a particle size from 0.086 mm to 0.102 mm, and a favorable leachant of sodium hydroxide. Under these conditions the conversion rate of pyrite can reach 45.7 %.

Template synthesis and adsorption properties of chitosan salicylal Schiff bases

To improve the adsorption properties of chemically modified chitosan, the chelating resin of salicylal chitosan Schiff bases was prepared by the template cross-linking method using Cu（Ⅱ） as template ion and ethylene glycol bisglycidyl ether as cross-linking agent in microwave, and was characterized by IR. The adsorption capacity and selectivity coefficient of the chemically modified chitosan for Cu（Ⅱ）, Fe（Ⅲ） and Zn（Ⅱ） were investigated, respectively. The results show that the adsorption capacity of the resin 2.73 mmol/g for Cu（Ⅱ） is bigger than that for other two metal ions, 0.22 mmol/g for Fe（Ⅲ）, and 0.42 mmol/g for Zn（Ⅱ）, and the selectivity coefficients are as follows: KCu（Ⅱ）/Fe（Ⅲ）=12.4, KCu（Ⅱ）/Zn（Ⅱ）=6.5.

Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity evaluation of diallyl disulfide

Diallyl disulfide was synthesized by phase transfer catalyst （PTC） during microwave irradiation. The effects of different factors, such as the power of microwave irradiation, the time of microwave irradiation, PTC reagents amount and the mole ratio of reactants, on the yield of product were investigated. The structure of diallyl disulfide was characterized by infrared spectra, mass spectra and ^1 H nuclear magnetic resonance. The bioactivity of diallyl disulfide was evaluated by cell viability assay on HepG2 hepatoma cells. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows： tetrabutylammonium bromide（TBAB） selected as a PTC, the mass ratio of TBAB to sodium disulfide of 0.021 ： 1, the power of irradiation of 195 W, the reaction time of 12 rain, and the mole ratio of sodium disulfide to allyl chloride of 0.65 ： 1. The yield of diallyl disulfide is 82.2%. The synthetical diallyl disulfide appears to be cytotoxic to HepG2 heoatoma cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Beamlet prestack depth migration and illumination： A test based on the Marmousi model

Beamlet sources have strong local and directional character and can easily accomplish local illumination and migration. Besides, they provide better migration results than conventional migration methods. We introduce the basic principles of beamlet prestack depth migration that includes a windowed Fourier transform and frame theory. We explain the Gabor-Daubechies （G-D） frame based on a Gaussian function. Beamlet decomposition provides information on the local space and direction of wavefield. We synthesize the beamlet source and beamlet records in the wavelet domain using both rectangle and Gaussian windows and then extrapolate the synthesized data with a Fourier finite-difference operator. We test the method using the standard Marmousi model. By comparing and analyzing the migration results of single directional beamlet and beamlets with different windows and directions, we demonstrate the validity of the prestack depth migration with Gaussian beamlets method.

Mutagenesis and Screening of High Yield Xylanase Production Strain of Aspergillus usamii by Microwave Irradiation

A high yield xylanase producing strain, A. usamii L336-23, was screened out from its parent strain A.usamii L336 after microwave irradiation. Its productivity of xylanase activity increased by 35.7% from 21000μu·ml-1 to 28500μu·ml-1 and was stable after frequent subcultures and storage for more than two months. The mechanism of microwave mutation was also discussed.

Degradation of chlorothalonil by ultrasonic irradiation:Kinetics and impact factors

Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.

Ultrasonic-assisted condensation of chitosan with salicylaldehyde

In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions,we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base.The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods.The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical.The reaction conditions,including solvents,ultrasonic power density and irradiation time,pH,and reactant ratio,were optimized by orthogonal design.A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method.A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions:i.e.ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min;95% ethanol as the solvent,pH 4.0,and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.

The Synthesis of Pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic Acid Using Microwave Irradiation

This research took 2,6-dimethylpyridine as raw materials under microwave irradiation to syntheses pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic acid by adding oxidation potassium permanganate. However, there are lots of factors affecting the yield including the amount of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid, reaction time, power, 2,6-dimethylpyridine dosage. We made the further research, using orthogonal experiment to find the optimal process conditions. Thus our research changed the synthesis process from a traditional method to a new type of microwave technology.

Bathymetry and bottom albedo retrieval using Hyperion:a case study of Thitu Island and reef

The Spratly(Nansha) Islands in the South China Sea have considerable economic and important militarily strategic status.Ocean color remote sensing is an effective mean of surveying and research and especially it is useful for areas that are difficult to access,such as Thitu Island and its reef in the Spratly Islands.The Hyper-spectral Optimization Process Exemplar(HOPE) model,developed by Lee et al.(1999) is a rapid and robust bathymetry method that uses hyper-spectral remote sensing.In this study,using Hyperion hyper-spectral sensor data and HOPE,we derive bathymetry and bottom albedo measurements around Thitu Island and its reef.We compare the distribution of bottom depths from C-MAP with that derived from the Hyperion data.The retrieved bathymetry results correlate well with the distribution obtained from the bathymetry contour from 2.0 to 20 m.The average difference between Hyperion and C-MAP for two selected transects was 17.1%(n=59,R=0.848,RMSE=2.342) and 10.9%(n=59,R2=0.834,RMSE=0.463).The retrieved bottom albedo is homogeneous in the lagoon and significantly non-homogeneous around the lagoon.These results indicate that HOPE could be very useful for bathymetry studies for the islands of the South China Sea.

Effects of Pulse Ultrasound on Adsorption of Geniposide on Resin 1300 in a Fixed Bed

The effects of pulse ultrasound with different pulse parameters on the breakthrough curves of Geniposide on Resin 1300 were studied. The mass transfer model describing the adsorption process was constructed. Adsorption capability and the overall mass-transfer coefficient were obtained by fitting the constructed mass-transfer model and the experimental data. The effects of pulse ultrasound on adsorption of Geniposide on Resin1300 in a fixed bed were studied and compared. Amount of Geniposide adsorbed on Resin 1300 in the presence of ultrasound is lower than that in the absence of ultrasound, but the mass-transfer rate with ultrasonic irradiation is higher than that without ultrasound. Furthermore, mass transfer rate is enhanced by pulse modulation. In the conditions studied, the adsorption equilibrium constant decreases with increasing ultrasonic power, while the overall mass-transfer co-efficient increases. With increasing pulse duty ratio, adsorption equilibrium constant decreases initially, reaches a minimum when pulse duty ratio is 0.5, and then increases. On the contrary, the overall mass-transfer coefficient in-creases initially and reaches a maximum when pulse ratio is 0.5, and then decreases. Effects of pulse period on ad-sorption equilibrium and mass transfer rate reached the peak at pulse period of 28.6 ms.

SPH-FEM simulations of microwave-treated basalt strength

Microwave precondition has been highlighted as a promising technology for softening the rock mass prior to rock breakage by machine to reduce drill bit/cutter wear as well as inverse production rate.To numerically explore the effect of numerical parameters on rock static strength simulation,and determine the numerical mechanical parameters of microwave-treated basalts for future drilling and cutting simulations,numerical models of uniaxial compression strength(UCS)and Brazilian tensile strength(BTS)were established with the coupling of smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element method(SPH-FEM).To eliminate the large rock strength errors caused by microwave-induced damage,the cohesion and internal friction angle of microwave-treated basalt specimens with the same microwave treatment parameters were calibrated based on a linear Mohr-Coulomb theory.Based on parametric sensitivity analysis of SPH simulation of UCS and BTS,experimental UCS and BTS values were simultaneously captured according to the same set of calibrated cohesion and internal friction angle data,and the UCS modeling results are in good agreement with experimental tests.Furthermore,the effect of microwave irradiation parameter on the basalt mechanical behaviors was evaluated.

Preparation of poly(amino-quinone) by microwave-assisted solid-state polymerization

Microwave irradiation was employed to assist the synthesis of poly（amino-quinone） （PAQ） from p-benzoquinone and diamines in solid state. The effects of power, time, and pattern （continuously or intermittently） of microwave irradiation on yield and intrinsic viscosity of PAQs were studied. It is shown that the continuous microwave irradiation at a high power leads to rapid increase of yield and a sudden halt in polymerization afterwards, due to the subsequent loss of volatile reactants at a high reaction temperature. Alternatively, the high-power microwave irradiation is applicable to raising the yield if used intermittently. In contras4 the low-power microwave irradiation favours the way of continuous exposure to ensure sufficient heat for polymerization. In both cases of high and low power, the yield and intrinsic viscosity can be further promoted by prolonging the exposure time. It is found that under a preliminarily optimized condition of intermittent irradiation at 490 W with six sequences of 5 min irradiation followed by 5 rain interval, the yield and intrinsic viscosity of PAQ from p-benzoquinone and p-phenylene diamine can reach as high as 83% and 41.9 mL/g, respectively.

MOSSBAUER ANALYSIS ON THE MICROWAVE-MAGNETIC DESULFURIZATION OF RAW COAL

The selective dielectric heating of microwave energy to convert a portion of each pyrite particle to moderately magnetic pyrrhotite has been suggested to enhance the magnetic separation of inorganic sulfur from coal. The results for Mossbauer analyses show that the considerable amount of pyrrhotite produced during microwave irradiation, carrying with it some of non--magnetic pyrite (unconverted), ferrous sulfate, and troilite, is completely removed from coal after magnetic separation. The opthoum desulfurization efficiency can be attsined by appropriately controlling the irradiation time to maximize the amount of pyrrhotite formed pyrite decomposition.Excessive irradiation would be disadvantageous for improving magnetic separation due to the further decomposition of pyrrhotite to antiferromagnetic troilite.

Synthesis of 3-Alkyl-5-Benzylidene-2,4-Thiazolidinedione Under Microwave Irradiation

Microwave irradiation of aromatic aldehyde and 2,4-thiazolidinedione provides a fast and high-yield access to 5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione. Seven 3-alkyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione compounds were produced with high yield by reacting 5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione with different alkylating agents under microwave irradiation.

Microwave Assisted One-Pot Preparation of Quinoline Derivatives without any Solvent According to Green Chemistry

The convenient and efficient procedure for one-pot preparation of quinaldine derivatives from multi component reaction of anilines, acetone and benzaldehyde without any solvent under microwave irradiation on the surface of alumina impregnated with hydrochloric acid is developed.

Periodic Precipitation of Liesegang System under Microwave Radiation

We studied precipitation patterns in a Liesegang system under MW （microwave） irradiation in order to investigate metal salt diffusion in an electrolyte gel. The gel and salt concentrations were varied. MW irradiation induced periodic patterns of precipitation because polar molecules vibrate and rotate in an electromagnetic field. For example, the number of patterns increased by the irradiation. Accordingly, microwave irradiation nonlinearly accelerated the diffusion of ionic molecules.

Gas-phase Thermolysis of 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,3-triazine Derivatives

Gas-phase thermolysis of 1-ethoxycarbonyl-benzotriazole under static, FVP and microwaves condition yielded N^1 and NZ-ethylbenzotriazole, 2-ethoxy-1,3-benzooxazole, biphenylene and oxazolidin-2-one. On the other hand, direct condensation and pyrolysis of naphtho[1,8-de][1,2,3]triazine with ethylisocyanate, phenylisocyanate and their isothiocayanates, benzoylisothiocyanate and thiourea at 150-160 ℃ or under microwaves irradiation produced the corresponding naphthopyrimidin-2-one derivatives.

Unified Form of Photorefractive Coupling－wave Equation in the Undepleted Pump Approximate and the Lossless Solution

The coupling-wave equations of photorefractive wave mixing processes including two-and four-wave mixing are expressed as an unified matrix equation in the undepleted pump approximation.The lossless general solution of the matrix equation is obtained.The previous formulas of five wave-mixing processes in the undepleted pump are derived from the solution when their boundary conditions are used.