首钢京唐300 t转炉少氟炼钢技术研究

鉴于炼钢过程中以萤石作为造渣剂的使用会对转炉炉衬、包衬等造成侵蚀,且会对环境带来污染,以首钢京唐300 t转炉为例,开展少氟化炼钢工艺的工业试验,利用新技术、新设备,采取留渣操作、优化过程控制、使用熔渣剂、优化辅原料使用比例等多方面的措施,使少氟冶炼取得了很好的试验效果,获得了明显的社会效益。

Recovery of cobalt from converter slag of Chambishi Copper Smelter using reduction smelting process

The reduction smelting process for cobalt recovery from converter slag of the Chambishi Copper Smelter in Zambia was studied. The effects of reducing agent dosage, smelting temperature and time and the addition of slag modifiers （CaO and TiO2） were investigated. In addition, the depleted slag and cobalt-bearing alloy were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Under the determined conditions, 94.02% Co, 95.76% Cu and less than 18% Fe in the converter slag were recovered. It was found that the main phases of depleted slag were fayalite and hercynite; and the cobalt-bearing alloy mainly contained metallic copper, Fe-Co-Cu alloys and a small amount of sulfide.

Effects of Nucleating Agents on Crystallization of Arc-Molten Slag from Incinerator Fly Ash

Glass-ceramics obtained from the electric arc furnace molten slag of incinerator fly ash was produced by applying nucleation and crystallization through heat treatment process. The effects of nucleating agent （TiO2 and Cr2O3） on the crystallization kinetics and heat treatment schedule of the slag were investigated. The results show that the nucleating agents changed the crystallization phase and morphology of the obtained glass-ceramics. The optimum heat treatment schedule of the glass with TiO2 was determined as nucleation at 952 K for 1.5 h and crystal growth at 1 258 K for 1.5 h, while those values with Cr203 were estimated at 971 K for 2 h and at 1 238 K for 2 h. TiO2 acting as nucleating agent could decrease the activation energy of the slag and shorten the total thermal treatment time in comparison with Cr2O3. The glass-ceramics obtained under the optimum heat treatment condition was environmentfriendly and had remarkable physical/mechanical properties and chemical durability.

超低碳汽车外板BH钢炼钢过程中夹杂物的演变

为了研究超低碳钢炼钢过程中夹杂物的具体演变规律,利用夹杂物自动分析系统研究了硫质量分数分别为0.010%和0.015%的两炉次(S100炉次和S150炉次)超低碳汽车外板烘烤硬化钢(bake hardening steel,简称BH钢)从RH终点到铸坯过程中夹杂物形貌、成分、数量、尺寸的演变,并利用X射线荧光光谱仪和X射线衍射仪结合RH精炼渣和中间包覆盖剂熔渣的成分进行对比分析。结果表明,BH钢中夹杂物的主要类型为Al2O3、MnS、Al2O3+MnS和含硅类夹杂物(其中含硅类夹杂物主要是Al-Si-O夹杂,不包括纯硅、SiC、SiO2)。由于BH钢中锰和硫质量分数较高,凝固过程中MnS大量析出,使得铸坯中MnS夹杂物数量密度和夹杂物总数量密度显著增加。硫质量分数为0.010%和0.015%的两炉次钢在RH和中间包中MnS夹杂物数量密度无明显差异,由于MnS主要在凝固过程中析出,S150炉次在铸坯中的MnS明显多于S100炉次。精炼渣中w((FeO+MnO))较高,w((CaO))/w((Al2O3))比低,会导致RH终点Al2O3夹杂物较多。在浇注过程中,引流砂的流入会导致中间包覆盖剂熔渣中SiO2质量分数增高,造成钢液中Si-Al-O等夹杂物的数量密度明显增加。结晶器过程中Al2O3夹杂不断聚集长大、上浮去除,使铸坯中Al2O3和Al2O3+MnS夹杂物数量密度减少,尺寸增大。