熵律、生态平衡与环境资源合理利用

人类对环境资源不合理的开发利用是产生环境问题的根本原因，而环境资源的合理利用既要遵从经济规律，又要遵从自然规律。本文从制约环境资源状况的两个最基本的自然规律──滴律和生态平衡规律出发，探讨环境资源合理利用的理论依据。

构建社会主义和谐社会及其新思维

构建和谐社会,始终是人类孜孜以求的一个社会理想,也是中国共产党不懈追求的一个社会理想。党所提出的构建社会主义和谐社会是一个历史过程,具有特定的历史渊源,同时也面临着许多现实的矛盾,矛盾的解决需要我们用新的思维来思考。从熵的定律这一视角对构建社会主义和谐社会作分析,无疑会成为我们解决构建社会主义和谐社会所面临矛盾的新思维。

影响犯罪现场足迹特征的因素

足迹在犯罪现场遗留是必然的,因此是现场中最常见的痕迹之一,它在刑事侦查中的作用也不言而喻。在足迹检验技术中,足迹检验的重点是对足迹各部位重压面的形态、特征进行检验,但足迹各重压面的形成又受诸多因素的影响,并且足迹形成后,与其他痕迹一样,其信息系统处于开放状态,也易受外界自然和人为等因素的影响。

黑洞内部是什么？--正则量子引力的新视角

我们在最新的一份研究工作中找到了带有分层不均匀特征动态塌缩星内部时空度规的一般形式,结合爱因斯坦场方程,该度规告诉我们构成黑洞的物质很可能在视界内经历着反复的收缩—收缩过头—反向膨胀到极大—再收缩—再过头的呼吸运动。我们同时在广义相对论和正则量子引力的水平上,提供了这种过零点"呼吸"运动可能恰好具有exp(A/l_(pl)~2)种可能本征态的数值证据,此处A为视界面积,从而为史瓦西奇点的消解、黑洞熵的微观解释以及信息丢失疑难的解决提供了一条新思路。本文是对这一技术性研究工作所揭示物理图像的中文版介绍,并添加了跟弦理论、圈量子引力图像的对比以及关于其可证伪性的讨论。

The intrinsic depth of horizontal convection

The mainstream depth of a return flow can be viewed as an intrinsic depth of horizontal convection. By using a theoretical tube model combined with the application of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle (MaxEPP) in thermodynamics, the following statements can be made. Under fixed external forcing, the system chooses a particular depth as the mainstream depth of its return flow, the depth of which not only satisfies the maximum circulation rate and the maximum heat transport, but also satisfies the maximum entropy production rate. A comparison between this intrinsic depth and the container height leads to the definition of a relative partial and full-penetration pattern of the circulation. Moreover, this intrinsic depth is found to vary with the external forcing; the regulation of this variation is related to the Modified Rayleigh number.

Robot’s Emotion Decision by Energy and Entropy Concepts

This study is to introduce concepts of energy and entropy to describe a robot＇s emoton decisien. It chooses the dimensional approach based on factors of pleasure and arousal for the merit of the interpolation between enotions. Especially, Circumplex model which has also two axes： pleasure and arousal is used. Besides, the model indicates how emotions are distributed in the two-dimensional plane. Then by the definition of psychodynamicsthe energy states （mental energy and physical energy） are matched to pleasure and arousal respectively that are the basis of Circumplex model. The mental energy is updated by the result of Prospect theory which measures the value of gain and loss as pleasure factor. And the physical energy is updated by the result of hedonic scaling which measures levels of arousal from pleasure computed by Prospect theory, and the result of intensity of stimuli. Then the energy states are fed by entropy. The feedback loop by entropy satisfies the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The energy states generated by stimuli and fed by entropy take a position in the plane of Circumplex model. Then distances between the current position and other emotions are cornputed to get a level of each emotion, proportional to the inverse of the distance.

Notes on Stefan-Maxwell Equation versus Graham's Diffusion Law

Certain prerequisite information on the component fluxes is necessary for solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in multicomponent diffusion systems and the Graham's law of diffusion and effusion is often resorted for this purpose. This article addresses solution of the Stefan-Maxwell equation in binary gas systems and explores the necessary conditions for definite solution of concentration profiles and pertinent component fluxes. It is found that there are multiple solutions for component fluxes in contradiction to what specified by the Graham's law of diffusion.The theorem of minimum entropy production in the non-equilibrium thermodynamics is believed instructive in determining the stable steady state solution out of infinite multiple solutions possible under the specified conditions.It is suggested that only when the boundary condition of component concentration is symmetrical in an isothermal binary system, the counter-diffusion becomes equimolar. The Graham's law of diffusion seems not generally valid for the case of isothermal ordinary diffusion.

Droplets diameter distribution using maximum entropy formulation combined with a new energy-based sub-model

The maximum entropy principle(MEP) is one of the first methods which have been used to predict droplet size and velocity distributions of liquid sprays. This method needs a mean droplets diameter as an input to predict the droplet size distribution. This paper presents a new sub-model based on the deterministic aspects of liquid atomization process independent of the experimental data to provide the mean droplets diameter for using in the maximum entropy formulation(MEF). For this purpose, a theoretical model based on the approach of energy conservation law entitled energy-based model(EBM) is presented. Based on this approach, atomization occurs due to the kinetic energy loss. Prediction of the combined model(MEF/EBM) is in good agreement with the available experimental data. The energy-based model can be used as a fast and reliable enough model to obtain a good estimation of the mean droplets diameter of a spray and the combined model(MEF/EBM) can be used to well predict the droplet size distribution at the primary breakup.

Time Varying Gravitational Constant G via Entropic Force

If the uncertainty principle applies to the Verlinde entropic idea, it leads to a new term in the Newton＇s second law of mechanics in the Planck＇s scale. This curious velocity dependent term inspires a frictional feature of the gravity. In this short letter we address that this new term modifies the effective mass and the Newtonian constant as the time dependent quantities. Thus we must have a running on the value of the effective mass on the particle mass m near the holographic screen and the G. This result has a nigh relation with the Dirac hypothesis about the large numbers hypothesis （L.N.H.）. We propose that the corrected entropie terms via Verlinde idea can be brought as a holographic evidence for the authenticity of the Dirac idea.

The SLA （Second Law Analysis） in Convective Heat Transfer Processes

In all convective heat transfer situations, losses occur in the flow field （by dissipation） as well as in the temperature field （by conduction）. Typically these losses are more or less quantified by the friction factorfwith respect to losses in the flow field, and the Nusselt number Nu for the heat transfer quality. Assessing the process of convective heat transfer as a whole, then becomes problematic because two different non-dimensional quantities, f and Nu, have to be combined somehow. From a thermodynamics point of view, there is a reasonable alternative： Since all losses become manifest in corresponding entropy generation rates, these rates are determined in the velocity as well as in the temperature field. Based on the integration of the entropy generation fields, an energy devaluation number is introduced. It basically determines how much oftbe so-called entropic potential of the energy involved in a convective heat transfer process is used within it. This approach is called SLA （second law analysis）.

Entropy Analysis of NH_3/H_2O Absorption-Compression Heat Pump

The absorption-compression heat pump （ACHP） has been considered as an effective approach to recover and utilize low-grade heat sources. In the present study, the first and second law thermodynamic analyses of the ACHP with NH3/H20 as working fluid were performed. Thermodynamic properties of each point and heat transfer rate of each component in the cycle under basic operation conditions were calculated from the first law analysis. Following the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy generation of each component and the total entropy generation of the system were obtained. The effect~ of the heating temperature, heat source temperature, and compression ratio on the coefficient of performance （COP） and the total entropy generation （ STot ） of the system were examined. The results show that the increase in COP corresponds to a decrease in STot, and vice versa; besides, for certain operating conditions, an optimum compression ratio in the NH~/H20 ACHP exists.

从熵谈起——浅谈全球化语境下地域文化的生存之路

全球化的现象是人类社会经济基础和生产方式发展到某一历史阶段的产物,它包含的方面几乎是全方位的,包括政治、经济、文化等等。本文在此借用热力学第二定律:熵律这个自然界最高定律的概念,希望能从中找到探讨地域文化在经济文化全球化的大背景下,如何才能兼收并蓄,即吸收包容其它文化的先进性,又能保持自己鲜明独特的本真特点,走"和实生物"的发展之路。

The Riemann Problem with Delta Data for Zero-Pressure Gas Dynamics

In this paper, the Riemann problem with delta initial data for the onedimensional system of conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy in zero-pressure gas dynamics is considered. Under the generalized Rankine-Hugoniot conditions and the entropy condition, we constructively obtained the global existence of generalized solutions which contains delta-shock. Moreover, the author obtains the stability of generalized solutions by making use of the perturbation of the initial data.

A Modified Entropy Generation Number for Heat Exchangers

This paper demonstrates the difference between the entropy generation number method proposed by Bejan and the method of entropy generation per unit amount of heat transferred in analyzing the thermodynamic performance of heat exchangers, points out the reason for leading to the above difference.A modified entropy generation number for evaluating the irreversibility of heat exchangers is proposed which is in consistent with the entropy generation per unit amount of heat transferred in entropy generation analysis. The entropy generated by friction is also investigated. Results show that when the entropy generated by friction in heat exchangers is taken into account, there is a minimum total entropy generation number while the NTU and the ratio of heat capacity rates vary. The existence of this minimum is the prerequisite of heat exchanger optindzation.

The Generalized Thermodynamic Temperature and the New Expressions of the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The classical thermodynamics reflects the significant relationship between the heat and the temperature. On the basis of the relationships, according to the mathematical derivation, this paper structures the conceptions of generalized heat, generalized thermodynamic temperature, generalized entropy and so on. The series of conceptions in the classical thermodynamics is merely a special case of the generalized thermodynamics. Based on these conceptions of generalized thermodynamics, this paper presents the new expressions of the first law and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, these expressions are endued with new explanations. The Eq. LZ = kTS given by this paper provides theoretical basis for these new expressions.

Modified entropic gravity revisited

Inspired by Verlinde’s idea,some modified versions of entropic gravity have been suggested.Extending them in a unified formalism,herein we derive the generalized gravitational equations accordingly.From gravitational equations,the energy-momentum conservation law and cosmological equations are investigated.The covariant conservation law of energy-momentum tensor severely constrains viable modifications of entropic gravity.A discrepancy arises when two independent methods are applied to the homogeneous isotropic universe,posing a serious challenge to modified models of entropic gravity.

Weak-strong uniqueness for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a hard-sphere pressure law

We consider the Navier-Stokes equations with a pressure function satisfying a hard-sphere law.That means the pressure,as a function of the density,becomes infinite when the density approaches a finite critical value.Under some structural constraints imposed on the pressure law,we show a weak-strong uniqueness principle in periodic spatial domains.The method is based on a modified relative entropy inequality for the system.The main difficulty is that the pressure potential associated with the internal energy of the system is largely dominated by the pressure itself in the area close to the critical density.As a result,several terms appearing in the relative energy inequality cannot be controlled by the total energy.

ENTROPIES AND FLUX-SPLITTINGS FOR THE ISENTROPIC EULER EQUATIONS

The authors establish the existence of a large class of mathematical entropies (the so-called weak entropies) associated with the Euler equations for an isentropic, compressible fluid governed by a general pressure law. A mild assumption on the behavior of the pressure law near the vacuum is solely required. The analysis is based on an asymptotic expansion of the fundamental solution (called here the entropy kernel) of a highly singular Euler- Poisson-Darboux equation. The entropy kernel is only Holder continuous and its regularity is carefully inversti- gated. Relying on a notion introduced earlier by the authors, it is also proven that, for the Euler equations, the set of eatropy flux-splittings coincides with the set of entropies-entropy fluxes. There results imply the existence of a flux-splitting consistent with all of the entropy inequalities.