A method for predicting in-cylinder compound combustion emissions

This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive effects of the emissions measurement system. The steady state training conditions of compound fuel allow for the correlation of time averaged in cylinder combustion variables to the engine out NO x and HC emissions. The error back propagation neural network (EBP) is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions, and then interpolating between steady state points in the matrix. This method for NO x and HC has been proved highly successful.

Thermo economic evaluation of oxy fuel combustion cycle in Kazeroon power plant considering enhanced oil recovery revenues

Oxy fuel combustion and conventional cycle(currently working cycle) in Kazeroon plant are modeled using commercial thermodynamic modeling software. Economic evaluation of the two models regarding the resources of transport and injection of carbon dioxide into oil fields at Gachsaran for enhanced oil recovery in the various oil price indices is conducted and indices net present value(NPV) and internal rate of return on investment(IRR) are calculated. The results of the two models reveal that gross efficiency of the oxy fuel cycle is more than reference cycle(62% compared to 49.03%), but the net efficiency is less(41.85% compared to 47.92%) because of the high-energy consumption of the components, particularly air separation unit(ASU) in the oxy fuel cycle. In this model, pure carbon dioxide with pressure of 20×105 Pa and purity of 96.84% was captured. NOX emissions also decrease by 4289.7 tons per year due to separation of nitrogen in ASU. In this model, none of the components of oxy fuel cycle is a major engineering challenge. With increasing oil price, economic justification of oxy fuel combustion model increases. With the price of oil at $ 80 per barrel in mind and $ 31 per ton fines for emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, IRR is the same for both models.

Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as Diesel Fuel and Improvement in Combustion and Emission

Due to high price of Straight Vegetable Oil （SVO） for bio-diesel production, the use of Waste Cooking Oil （WCO） will be cost effective. Furthermore, utilization of WCO will refrain waterways pollution and endanger ecosystem. In Malaysia, more than 50-tone of WCO from various sources was produced every day. This study evaluates combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of several WCOs with different sources. Modification on fuel properties has been done to improve the combustion and exhaust emission of using WCO as diesel fuel. Regular diesel fuel also has been used for comparison in the test. A 0.6 liter, single-cylinder, air-cooled direct injection diesel engine was used to perform this experiment. Experiment was done at variable engine loads at constant speed.

The experimental study on combustion characteristics and emissions of a CMM fueled engine

In this paper, an experimental study on combustion characteristics and emissions of a single cylinder spark ignition engine fueled with coal-mine methane （CMM） is investigated under various loads. CMM is simulated by the compressed nature gas（ CNG）/nitrogen blend fuels. Based on experiment results, it is shown that under 0% - 35% nitrogen volume fraction in CNG/nitrogen blends, the maximum cylinder pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the rate of heat release decrease, the flame propagation period increases, the center of heat release curve is closed to the top dead centre （TDC）markedly with the increase of nitrogen volume fraction. Meanwhile, the hydrocarbon （HC）, CO emissions increase, the NOx emission decreases apparently with the increase of nitrogen volume fraction.

Experimental Study of the Adsorption of Mercury Vapor by Rice Husk Ash

Biomass has a tendency to adsorb mercury from the flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion. In this paper, we have established an experimental table of the adsorption of mercury vapor by rice husk ash according to the method described in the Chinese national standard GB/T 5009.17-1996. The experimental stud）＇ was made using rice husk ash samples of different types and at different temperatures. The results show that the carbon content of the rice husk ash was 3.81% after treatment for 1 h at 600℃, the mercury removal rate was above 95%, but the adsorption efficiency was below 20% after incineration for 4 h. The adsorption efficiency of rice husk ash treated by H202 or HCI was very low, while the adsorption efficiency was very high when rice husk ash was pyrolytically carbonized or basified by NaOH; the adsorption efficiency ofbasified rice husk ash sample was up to 98.5%. The carbon content of rice husk ash could affect the adsorption of mercury to some degree, but the internal structure of the rice husk ash samples was a more important factor for adsorption.

Power Generation from Municipal Solid Waste Plastics

Generation of electrical energy from imported fossil fuels is subject to the price fluctuations of the global marketplace and, thus, constitutes a major expense in its distribution to the end users. Even with the current low prices of fuel, residents and businesses in the United States pay a significant price for their utilities, if not higher than most other countries in the world. Emissions from the evaporation and combustion of these traditional fossil fuels contribute to a range of environmental and health problems, causing poor air quality, and emitting greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Alternative fuel created from domestic sources has been proposed as a solution to these problems and much alternative energy are being developed based on solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, fuel cell, geothermal, etc. A new alternative hydrocarbon fuel which is produced from waste plastics can be used with compatble power plants and generators appliances to produce electricity that can be supplied into homes, businesses, power grids and other sectors.

汽车制造企业温室气体排放核算和参数因子研究

现阶段国内汽车制造企业核算参考依据各异,急需建立统一核算标准,本文完整识别了汽车企业组织范围内温室气体排放源和气体类别,并就燃料燃烧排放和购入电力排放活动水平数据和排放因子数据获取优先级提出了建议,分析国内核算指南和标准体系中天然气、柴油和汽油排放因子参数包括低位发热值、单位热值含量以及氧化率等参数缺省值来源和数值差异以及不同区域排放因子的发布使用情况,提议在制定汽车制造企业核算标准过程中,严格遵循数据因子一致性和可靠性原则,便于汽车产业链之间数据联动以及同行和跨行有效比较分析,并最终提出了排放因子的取值建议。

Numerical and experimental investigation on emission performance of a fuel staged combustor

The low NOx emission technology has become an important feature of advanced aviation engine.A wide range of applications attempt to take advantage of the fact that staged combustion under lean-premixed-prevaporized(LPP)conditions can significantly cut down emission and improve combustion efficiency.This paper proposes a scheme with fuel centrally staged and multi-point injection.The mixing of fuel and air is improved,and the flame temperature is relative low in combustion zone,minimizing the formation of nitrogen oxides(NOx),especially thermal NOx.In terms of the field distribution of equivalence ratio and temperature obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),a chemical reactor network(CRN),including several different ideal reactor,namely perfectly stirred reactor(PSR)and plug flow reactor(PFR),is constructed to simulate the combustion process and predict pollution emission.The influences of the pilot equivalence ratio and percentage of pilot/main fuel on NOx and carbon monoxide(CO)emission were investigated by CRN model.The effects of the pilot fuel and primary fuel on pollution emission were investigated experimentally.Finally,the effects of pilot equivalence ratio and pilot fuel proportion on NOx emission were discussed in detail by comparing predict of CRN and experimental results.