在石化行业中加热炉是主要耗能设备之一,如何降低其燃料用量显得尤为重要。燃气节能器作为一种新型的节能设备,目前在炼厂加热炉中的应用研究尚不深入。某公司通过试用的形式投用4台燃气节能器,并对该燃气节能器进行了工业试验标定。基...在石化行业中加热炉是主要耗能设备之一,如何降低其燃料用量显得尤为重要。燃气节能器作为一种新型的节能设备,目前在炼厂加热炉中的应用研究尚不深入。某公司通过试用的形式投用4台燃气节能器,并对该燃气节能器进行了工业试验标定。基于该工业试验,建立了加热炉运行中烟气的O_2-CO含量关系曲线及函数关系式;并以投用燃气节能器前后1 t闪底油吸收1 k J热量所需要提供的天然气量(或热量)作为比较数据,从而确定该燃气节能器实际节能效果为0.434 7%,以供该炼化公司参考。展开更多
The mining industry annually consumes trillions of British thermal units of energy,a large part of which is saveable.Diesel fuel is a significant source of energy in surface mining operations and haul trucks are the m...The mining industry annually consumes trillions of British thermal units of energy,a large part of which is saveable.Diesel fuel is a significant source of energy in surface mining operations and haul trucks are the major users of this energy source.Cross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance have been recognised as the key parameters affecting the fuel consumption.In this paper,an artificial neural network model was developed to predict the fuel consumption of haul trucks in surface mines based on the gross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance.The network was trained and tested using real data collected from a surface mining operation.The results indicate that the artificial neural network modelling can accurately predict haul truck fuel consumption based on the values of the haulage parameters considered in this study.展开更多
The target fuel depletion and energy gain of inertial confinement fusion （ICF） for uniform spherical target of D-SHe advanced fuel compressed by high power laser-beam have been derived and calculated in this article...The target fuel depletion and energy gain of inertial confinement fusion （ICF） for uniform spherical target of D-SHe advanced fuel compressed by high power laser-beam have been derived and calculated in this article. Our numerical calculations show that if only the approximation of small internal energy of central spark and high inertial confinement parameter Hr = ρRF is valid for typical efficiency parameters of reactor system, the net fusion energy output can be possible for ICF of D-3He target. Inversely, under the approxi- mation of large internal energy of central spark and low HF it will not be possible to get net fusion energy output for ICF of D-^3He target. Hereby, an indirect proof of the scientific basis of fast ignition（FI） philosophy has been provided as a matter of fact.展开更多
In the near future, the use of FCVs （fuel cell vehicles） is expected to help mitigate environmental problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufacturers publish an FCV＇s specific ...In the near future, the use of FCVs （fuel cell vehicles） is expected to help mitigate environmental problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufacturers publish an FCV＇s specific fuel consumption, but not its dynamic characteristics such as fuel consumption ratio and motor power ratio. Thus, it is difficult to reflect the dynamic characteristics of FCVs in lifecycle system evaluation. To solve this problem, we propose a fuel-consumption simulation method for FCVs using a 1.2 kW stationary PEMFC （proton exchange membrane fuel cell）. In this study, the specific fuel consumption under driving cycles such as the Japanese 10-15 and the JC08 modes are determined and compared with the FCV simulation results obtained using fuel consumption ratios derived from the stationary PEMFC. In the simulation, the specific fuel consumption was found to be 1.16 kg-H2/100-km for the base case under the Japanese 10-15 driving cycle.展开更多
Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand...Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand natural renewable energy source such as solar energy and to promote energy conservation. However, in high-latitude regions, it is difficult to directly and effectively use solar power due to on insufficient amount of solar radiation. If steam can be generated from warm water at less than 373 K, it is possible to obtain steam by solar water heaters from weak solar radiation and industrial waste warm water without the consumption of any fossil fuels. In this study, the authors have been developing a system which generates steam over 423 K from warm water at less than 373 K using an adsorption heat pump with zeolite. Therefore, bench-scale equipment which generates steam continuously and the experimental results are mentioned.展开更多
Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest...Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest and rapidly developing in recent years. However, the theoretical potential of heating from the perspective of thermodynamics has not been clearly illustrated. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of heating systems based on the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics using the specific fuel consumption(SFC) analysis method, clarifies the theoretical potential limitation of heating systems and illustrates the process of reversible heating on the basis of the total energy system. A novel concept(green heating, GH) and a new indicator(green-heating index, GH Index) are scientifically defined to characterise different options for heating and to quantitatively evaluate their fuel consumption levels. Thereafter, the fuel consumptions of four typical space heating modes are compared and discussed to present the application of GH theory and validate the power of the proposed concept and index. Furthermore, two different CHP technologies are analyzed with an instantiation case, and a novel CHP system is recommended, which may scientifically support the development of heating technology and further improve the processes of energy-saving and CO2 reduction.展开更多
文摘在石化行业中加热炉是主要耗能设备之一,如何降低其燃料用量显得尤为重要。燃气节能器作为一种新型的节能设备,目前在炼厂加热炉中的应用研究尚不深入。某公司通过试用的形式投用4台燃气节能器,并对该燃气节能器进行了工业试验标定。基于该工业试验,建立了加热炉运行中烟气的O_2-CO含量关系曲线及函数关系式;并以投用燃气节能器前后1 t闪底油吸收1 k J热量所需要提供的天然气量(或热量)作为比较数据,从而确定该燃气节能器实际节能效果为0.434 7%,以供该炼化公司参考。
基金CRC Mining and The University of Queensland for their financial support for this study
文摘The mining industry annually consumes trillions of British thermal units of energy,a large part of which is saveable.Diesel fuel is a significant source of energy in surface mining operations and haul trucks are the major users of this energy source.Cross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance have been recognised as the key parameters affecting the fuel consumption.In this paper,an artificial neural network model was developed to predict the fuel consumption of haul trucks in surface mines based on the gross vehicle weight,truck velocity and total resistance.The network was trained and tested using real data collected from a surface mining operation.The results indicate that the artificial neural network modelling can accurately predict haul truck fuel consumption based on the values of the haulage parameters considered in this study.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（Special Exploring Foundation Preject, 2003AA84ta01 ）
文摘The target fuel depletion and energy gain of inertial confinement fusion （ICF） for uniform spherical target of D-SHe advanced fuel compressed by high power laser-beam have been derived and calculated in this article. Our numerical calculations show that if only the approximation of small internal energy of central spark and high inertial confinement parameter Hr = ρRF is valid for typical efficiency parameters of reactor system, the net fusion energy output can be possible for ICF of D-3He target. Inversely, under the approxi- mation of large internal energy of central spark and low HF it will not be possible to get net fusion energy output for ICF of D-^3He target. Hereby, an indirect proof of the scientific basis of fast ignition（FI） philosophy has been provided as a matter of fact.
文摘In the near future, the use of FCVs （fuel cell vehicles） is expected to help mitigate environmental problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufacturers publish an FCV＇s specific fuel consumption, but not its dynamic characteristics such as fuel consumption ratio and motor power ratio. Thus, it is difficult to reflect the dynamic characteristics of FCVs in lifecycle system evaluation. To solve this problem, we propose a fuel-consumption simulation method for FCVs using a 1.2 kW stationary PEMFC （proton exchange membrane fuel cell）. In this study, the specific fuel consumption under driving cycles such as the Japanese 10-15 and the JC08 modes are determined and compared with the FCV simulation results obtained using fuel consumption ratios derived from the stationary PEMFC. In the simulation, the specific fuel consumption was found to be 1.16 kg-H2/100-km for the base case under the Japanese 10-15 driving cycle.
文摘Reducing CO2 emissions and restraining dependence on nuclear power generation are serious concerns in the prevention of global warming since the Great East Japan Earthquake. To do so, it is necessary to use and expand natural renewable energy source such as solar energy and to promote energy conservation. However, in high-latitude regions, it is difficult to directly and effectively use solar power due to on insufficient amount of solar radiation. If steam can be generated from warm water at less than 373 K, it is possible to obtain steam by solar water heaters from weak solar radiation and industrial waste warm water without the consumption of any fossil fuels. In this study, the authors have been developing a system which generates steam over 423 K from warm water at less than 373 K using an adsorption heat pump with zeolite. Therefore, bench-scale equipment which generates steam continuously and the experimental results are mentioned.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant No.2014BAA06B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1261210 and 51306050)
文摘Energy conservation in heating systems has great influence on overall sustainable development strategy. Heating technology, especially combined heat and power(CHP, cogeneration), has been attracting increased interest and rapidly developing in recent years. However, the theoretical potential of heating from the perspective of thermodynamics has not been clearly illustrated. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of heating systems based on the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics using the specific fuel consumption(SFC) analysis method, clarifies the theoretical potential limitation of heating systems and illustrates the process of reversible heating on the basis of the total energy system. A novel concept(green heating, GH) and a new indicator(green-heating index, GH Index) are scientifically defined to characterise different options for heating and to quantitatively evaluate their fuel consumption levels. Thereafter, the fuel consumptions of four typical space heating modes are compared and discussed to present the application of GH theory and validate the power of the proposed concept and index. Furthermore, two different CHP technologies are analyzed with an instantiation case, and a novel CHP system is recommended, which may scientifically support the development of heating technology and further improve the processes of energy-saving and CO2 reduction.
