With focus on investigating the effect of combustor scale on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx and N20, experiments are carried out in three combustors, including single coal particle combustion test rig, laboratory sca...With focus on investigating the effect of combustor scale on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx and N20, experiments are carried out in three combustors, including single coal particle combustion test rig, laboratory scale circulating fluidized-bed boiler （CFB） and full scale CFB in this work. For single coal particle combustion, the majority of f-uel-N （65%-82%） is released as NOx, while only a little （less than 8%） fuel-N yields N20. But in labora- tory scale CFB, the conversion of fuel-N to N20 is increases, but the conversion of fuel-N to NOx is quite less than that of single coal particle combustion. This is because much char in CFB can promote the NOx reduction by in- creasing N20 formation. In full scale CFB, both of the conversion of fuel-N to NOx and the conversion of fuel-N to N20 are smaller than laboratory scale CFB.展开更多
针对某电厂NOx排放过高的问题,通过对NOx的形成机制以及煤质分析,运用CFD软件模拟锅炉炉内燃烧状况,采用空间分布法分析600MW锅炉深度空气分级燃烧下NOx的生成特性。计算结果表明,空间分布法能够详细的说明NOx生成特性;燃烧器喷口附近区...针对某电厂NOx排放过高的问题,通过对NOx的形成机制以及煤质分析,运用CFD软件模拟锅炉炉内燃烧状况,采用空间分布法分析600MW锅炉深度空气分级燃烧下NOx的生成特性。计算结果表明,空间分布法能够详细的说明NOx生成特性;燃烧器喷口附近区域NOx的生成与还原最为剧烈;挥发分析出速率与焦炭燃尽速率对HCN生成有着重要的影响;HCN与一、二风的混合程度影响了主燃区燃烧器喷口下游燃料型NOx反应速率;燃料型NOx生成速率明显大于热力型NOx生成速率,控制NOx的产生最主要是控制燃料型NOx的生成与还原。分离燃尽风(separated over fired air,SOFA)投入使得主燃烧器区域缺氧程度严重,主燃区NOx整体浓度较低,后期未完全燃烧物质的补燃影响了出口截面NOx浓度;采用SOFA分级能够在保障NOx得到还原的前提下,进一步促进焦炭的燃尽,降低出口烟温和飞灰含碳量。展开更多
This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced...This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive effects of the emissions measurement system. The steady state training conditions of compound fuel allow for the correlation of time averaged in cylinder combustion variables to the engine out NO x and HC emissions. The error back propagation neural network (EBP) is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions, and then interpolating between steady state points in the matrix. This method for NO x and HC has been proved highly successful.展开更多
An experimental and model-based study of the effect of rich air/fuel ratios(AFRs) and temperature on the NOx slip of a lean NOx trap(LNT) was conducted in a lean-burn gasoline engine with an LNT after-treatment system...An experimental and model-based study of the effect of rich air/fuel ratios(AFRs) and temperature on the NOx slip of a lean NOx trap(LNT) was conducted in a lean-burn gasoline engine with an LNT after-treatment system. The emissions of the engine test bench and the inlet temperature of the LNT were used as the major inlet boundary conditions of the LNT. The engine periodically operated between a constant lean AFR of 23 with alterable rich AFRs of 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. A decrease in the rich AFR of the engine strengthened the desorption atmosphere in the LNT, an effect closely related to the number of reductants, and further heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, but with a penalty in fuel consumption. To eliminate that penalty, the inlet boundary conditions of the LNT were varied by adjusting the inlet temperature within a range between 200℃ and 400℃. An increase in inlet temperature heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, and a NOx breakthrough occurred after the inlet temperature exceeded 390℃. To control NOx breakthrough, the inlet temperature can be adjusted to offset the strong desorption atmosphere in the LNT commonly created by a rich AFR.展开更多
The DLE (dry low emission) technology has already been used on industrial gas turbine combustor and the NO X emission can be limited to 25 ppmv (@15% O 2 ), but one of the destructive effects is combustion instability...The DLE (dry low emission) technology has already been used on industrial gas turbine combustor and the NO X emission can be limited to 25 ppmv (@15% O 2 ), but one of the destructive effects is combustion instability. In this paper, the dynamic and emission characteristics of a DLE gas turbine combustor have been researched in the authors' laboratory, and the results show that the key source of combustion instability is the non-uniformity of fuel in the flame zone. Two main fuel supply methods have been used to form different fuel distribution types; it is shown that in the perfectly premixed case the emission level is low and combustion process is stable. The PPF also has an obvious effect on the combustor's emission and dynamic characteristics.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB219802)
文摘With focus on investigating the effect of combustor scale on the conversion of fuel-N to NOx and N20, experiments are carried out in three combustors, including single coal particle combustion test rig, laboratory scale circulating fluidized-bed boiler （CFB） and full scale CFB in this work. For single coal particle combustion, the majority of f-uel-N （65%-82%） is released as NOx, while only a little （less than 8%） fuel-N yields N20. But in labora- tory scale CFB, the conversion of fuel-N to N20 is increases, but the conversion of fuel-N to NOx is quite less than that of single coal particle combustion. This is because much char in CFB can promote the NOx reduction by in- creasing N20 formation. In full scale CFB, both of the conversion of fuel-N to NOx and the conversion of fuel-N to N20 are smaller than laboratory scale CFB.
文摘针对某电厂NOx排放过高的问题,通过对NOx的形成机制以及煤质分析,运用CFD软件模拟锅炉炉内燃烧状况,采用空间分布法分析600MW锅炉深度空气分级燃烧下NOx的生成特性。计算结果表明,空间分布法能够详细的说明NOx生成特性;燃烧器喷口附近区域NOx的生成与还原最为剧烈;挥发分析出速率与焦炭燃尽速率对HCN生成有着重要的影响;HCN与一、二风的混合程度影响了主燃区燃烧器喷口下游燃料型NOx反应速率;燃料型NOx生成速率明显大于热力型NOx生成速率,控制NOx的产生最主要是控制燃料型NOx的生成与还原。分离燃尽风(separated over fired air,SOFA)投入使得主燃烧器区域缺氧程度严重,主燃区NOx整体浓度较低,后期未完全燃烧物质的补燃影响了出口截面NOx浓度;采用SOFA分级能够在保障NOx得到还原的前提下,进一步促进焦炭的燃尽,降低出口烟温和飞灰含碳量。
文摘This paper presents a method using a large steady state engine operation data matrix to provide necessary information for successfully training a predictive network, while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive effects of the emissions measurement system. The steady state training conditions of compound fuel allow for the correlation of time averaged in cylinder combustion variables to the engine out NO x and HC emissions. The error back propagation neural network (EBP) is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions, and then interpolating between steady state points in the matrix. This method for NO x and HC has been proved highly successful.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50276042,50776062,and 51276128)the National High Technology R&D Program (863) of China(No.2008AA06Z322)the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(No.11JCZDJC23200),China
文摘An experimental and model-based study of the effect of rich air/fuel ratios(AFRs) and temperature on the NOx slip of a lean NOx trap(LNT) was conducted in a lean-burn gasoline engine with an LNT after-treatment system. The emissions of the engine test bench and the inlet temperature of the LNT were used as the major inlet boundary conditions of the LNT. The engine periodically operated between a constant lean AFR of 23 with alterable rich AFRs of 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. A decrease in the rich AFR of the engine strengthened the desorption atmosphere in the LNT, an effect closely related to the number of reductants, and further heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, but with a penalty in fuel consumption. To eliminate that penalty, the inlet boundary conditions of the LNT were varied by adjusting the inlet temperature within a range between 200℃ and 400℃. An increase in inlet temperature heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, and a NOx breakthrough occurred after the inlet temperature exceeded 390℃. To control NOx breakthrough, the inlet temperature can be adjusted to offset the strong desorption atmosphere in the LNT commonly created by a rich AFR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50976116and No.50806077)
文摘The DLE (dry low emission) technology has already been used on industrial gas turbine combustor and the NO X emission can be limited to 25 ppmv (@15% O 2 ), but one of the destructive effects is combustion instability. In this paper, the dynamic and emission characteristics of a DLE gas turbine combustor have been researched in the authors' laboratory, and the results show that the key source of combustion instability is the non-uniformity of fuel in the flame zone. Two main fuel supply methods have been used to form different fuel distribution types; it is shown that in the perfectly premixed case the emission level is low and combustion process is stable. The PPF also has an obvious effect on the combustor's emission and dynamic characteristics.
