工业窑炉燃气污染控制的相关问题讨论

控制大气污染的重要手段之一是对燃烧过程加以优化控制。文中,在分析产生污染原因的基础上,指出恰当的空气燃气比是保证充分燃烧的关键,并以轧钢加热炉燃烧过程控制为例,简要讨论了复杂燃烧过程的对象特性、可供选择的控制策略和优化的控制算法。成功的工程实践表明,只要对燃烧过程进行优化控制,废气污染是可以消除的。

工业窑炉燃气污染控制的相关问题讨论

控制大气污染的重要手段之一是对燃烧过程加以优化控制.文中,.在分析产生污染原因的基础上,指出恰当的空气燃气比是保证充分燃烧的关键,并以轧钢加热炉燃烧过程控制为例,简要讨论了复杂燃烧过程的对象特性、可供选择的控制策略和优化的控制算法.成功的工程实践表明,只要对燃烧过程进行优化控制,废气污染是可以控制的.

厦门市双燃料出租车排气污染物对比分析

厦门市双燃料出租车占比达84%,实际行驶过程一般采用天然气为其动力源。通过道路机动车遥感检测、简易瞬态工况法对出租车燃油与燃气2种动力源方式进行比对实验和数据分析,结果显示:燃气时出租车的氮氧化物排放量高于燃油时的排放量,而HC及CO的排放比燃油时低,使用年限越久的出租车,各项污染物的排放浓度越高。社会化机动车环保检验机构定期检验数据的分析及相关调查显示出租车三元催化器的失效及不匹配是导致车辆高排放的主要原因。据此,建议厦门市高排放出租车逐步更新为其他清洁能源车辆。

INVESTIGATION IN REDUCING EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM TWO STROKE MOTORCYCLES

Test results of reducing two stroke motorcycle emissions with new type carburettors and electronic fuel injection systems are presented. Analyses and comparison between different systems are discussed. The adoption of electronically controlled injection and corresponding electronic control technique is an effective measure of prolonged vitality to improve emissions from two stroke motorcycles. Suggestions about the strategic steps of China′s motorcycle emission control are proposed.

抽油烟机使用误区

多数人认为抽油烟机是专为抽烹饪油烟而用的,因此,只有在炒菜时才开抽油烟机。殊不知,这是使用抽油烟机观念上的一个误区。 实际上,抽油烟机的功能不仅仅是抽走烹饪油烟,而且能根除燃气污染。特别是石油液化气含有多种强致癌物质,比烹饪油烟更有害健康。 燃气污染来自两方面:每次点火、熄火时泄漏的燃气和燃气在燃烧过程中产生的废气。这些飘散性气体,是沿着锅边向四周自由扩散的,只有采用主动式排烟装置即柜式抽油烟机,才能将其控制在柜内并及时抽走。 因此,不管是否烹饪,只要使用燃气灶就应该打开抽油烟机。

Performance of PAHs emission from bituminous coal combustion

Carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated in coal combustion have caused great environmental health concern. Seventeen PAHs (16 high priority PAHs recommended by USEPA plus Benzo[e]pyrene) present in five raw bituminous coals and released during bituminous coal combustion were studied. The effects of combustion temperature, gas atmosphere, and chlorine content of raw coal on PAHs formation were investigated. Two additives (copper and cupric oxide) were added when the coal was burned. The results indicated that significant quantities of PAHs were produced from incomplete combustion of coal pyrolysis products at high temperature, and that temperature is an important causative factor of PAHs formation. PAHs concentrations decrease with the increase of chlorine content in oxygen or in nitrogen atmosphere. Copper and cupric oxide additives can promote PAHs formation (especially the multi-ring PAHs) during coal combustion.

Experimental investigation on combustion and unregulated emission characteristics of butanol-isomer/gasoline blends

Effects of butanol isomers on characteristics of combustion and emission were studied on PFI SI engine. Experiments were operated under the condition of 3 and 5 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) engine loads and different equivalence ratios (φ=0.83-1.25) with engine speed of 1200 r/min using blends made of 70 vol.% gasoline and 30 vol.% butanol isomers (N30, S30, I30 and T30). The results indicated that compared with gasoline, all butanol isomer blends have higher cylinder pressure. N30 has the highest and most advanced peak pressure, and T30 shows a higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE). N30 presents a lower UHC emissions and I30 has slightly higher CO emissions than other blends. For unregulated emissions, compared with gasoline, butanol isomer blends have higher acetaldehyde, and N30 produces a higher emission of 1,3-butadiene than other blends. A reduction in benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has been found with butanol isomer blends.

Water, Air Emissions, and Cost Impacts of Air-Cooled Microturbines for Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems： A Case Study in the Atlanta Region

The increasing pace of urbanization means that cities and global organizations are looking for ways to increase energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Combined cooling, heating, and power （CCHP） systems have the potential to improve the energy generation efficiency of a city or urban region by providing energy for heating, cooling, and electricity simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to estimate the water consumption for energy generation use, carbon dioxide （CO2） and NOx emissions, and economic impact of implementing CCHP systems for five generic building types within the Atlanta metropolitan region, under various operational scenarios following the building thermal （heating and cooling） demands. Operating the CCHP system to follow the hourly thermal demand reduces CO2 emissions for most building types both with and without net metering. The system can be economically beneficial for all building types depending on the price of natural gas, the implementation of net metering, and the cost structure assumed for the CCHP system. The greatest reduction in water consumption for energy production and NOx emissions occurs when there is net metering and when the system is operated to meet the maximum yearly thermal demand, although this scenario also results in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and, in some cases, cost. CCHP systems are more economical for medium office, large office, and multifamilv residential buildings.

STUDY ON EVOLUTION REGULARITIES AND ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SULFIDE DURING BITUMINOUS BRIQUETTE HORIZONTAL COMBUSTION

This paper discusses the evolution regularity and the absorption characters of sulfide for bituminous briquette burned in a horizontal burning fornace. The evolution rate of sulphur is affected by some factors, such as the sulphur content in the burning coal, burning time and the mean excess air coefficient in the furnace. With processing the experimental result, the calculation related expression has been obtained to predict the evolution rate of sulfide. The sulphur absorption efficiency of briquette is affected by tbe factors such as the character of the sulphur sorbent, the type of the coal and the operating parameters. By means of appropriately adjusting the calciumsulphur mole ratio, the mean excess air coefficient and the time-interval between pushing two layer briquettes, a high sulphur absorption efficiency (>74% ) can be obtained.

A Comparison between Fossil and Nuclear Power Plants Pollutions and Their Environmental Effects

New researches on serious public health problems such as respiratory disease, heart attacks, and premature deaths, show the threat of air and environmental pollution on human＇s health. Exhausting greenhouse gases for electrical energy production in fossil fueled power plants is one of the major reasons of environmental pollutions. Increasing energy demand has made global concerns about the environmental pollutions of fossil power plants. In this article, fossil power plant productive pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide, are investigated. On the other hand, nuclear power plant and its produced waste are discussed as the future power generation source. In this article, fossil and nuclear power plants are compared as power sources, pollutants, and their environmental effects. First, investigations are made on fossil power plants and their effects on environment and climate changes. On the other hand, nuclear power plants are discussed as a possible replacement for fossil power plants. In this part, effects of radiation on human health and environment like important nuclear accidents are investigated. This paper summarizes several types of power plants and it is deduced that the nuclear power plant is more clean energy producer in comparison to other power plants.

Fuel Cell Technology for Propulsion and Power Generation of Ships： Feasibility Study on Ocean Research Vessel Sagarnidhi

Rising fuel prices, increasing emission levels and impending environmental regulations made shipping industry to find an alternate for internal combustion engine in 21st century. Fuel cell is a sustainable, emerging technology with negligible pollution. More significantly for a research ship, emission levels need to be substantially low to have quality measurements. A feasibility study is carried-out First time in the world, to drive an ice class multi-disciplinary ORV （Oceanography Research Vessel） Sagarnidbi, using hydrogen powered fuel cell. Sagamidhi is equipped with special equipments viz., Deep Sea winch, specially designed cranes for Launching and retrieval of ROV （Remotely Operable Vehicle）, DSMC （Deep Sea Mining Crawler）, Tsunami systems, manned/unmanned submersible and ACS （Autonomous Coring System） and other facilities that support research in Indian, International and Antarctic waters. Beside this, the propulsion system along with DP （Dynamic Positioning）, centralized air conditioning and special equipments require enormous electrical power. The combustion of diesel oil in an engine, that coupled with an alternator generates electrical power required, along with NOx （Nitrous Oxides）, SOx （Sulphur Oxides） and PM （Particulate Matter） emissions. Shipping industry is the fourth largest contributor to air pollution and carbon emissions, particularly in coastal areas, and the growth rate makes the problem even more critical. Stringent international air pollution regulation and increasing fuel price paves the way for an alternative ＂green emission technology＂. Various fuel cells were analyzed with different combination of fuel, electrolyte and electrodes. From the analysis, it has been found that SOFC （Solid Oxide Fuel Cell） is most suitable for the present scenario. A fuel cell designed with hydrogen as fuel, zirconium oxides stabilized with yttrium oxide as electrolyte and zirconium electrodes is used for 1.5 MW power output and 0.5 MW through regenerator. Volume required for storage of hydrogen is in line with volume of fuel and a high standard safety measures were taken using sensors. The present system saves 3000 MT/annum of diesel oil costing 3,000,000 USD approximately.

吸油烟机使用的误区

(1)只在炒菜时开吸油烟机,而在烧开水、煮饭时不开。吸油烟机的功能不仅仅是抽走烹饪油烟,还应该消除燃气污染(一方面是每次点火、熄火时泄漏的燃气:另一方面是燃气在燃烧过程中产生的废气)。特别是石油液化气,含有多种强致癌物质,比烹饪油烟更有害健康。