辅料添加对厨余垃圾生物干化产品燃烧热特性的影响

为达到降低厨余垃圾含水率,使其可作为垃圾衍生燃料进行燃烧的目的,选择玉米秸秆和木本泥炭2种辅料与厨余垃圾进行联合生物干化,研究了辅料添加对厨余垃圾生物干化产品燃烧热特性的影响,以不添加任何辅料的厨余垃圾单独进行生物干化作为对照处理,生物干化周期为21 d。结果表明:单独进行厨余垃圾生物干化时挥发性固体(VS)降解率最高,添加木本泥炭处理时VS降解率最低;对照处理对VS降解损失主要的贡献组分为淀粉、纤维素和脂肪,然而,对于添加玉米秸秆和木本泥炭的处理,纤维素、半纤维素和淀粉是VS降解损失主要的贡献组分。随着生物干化反应的进行,物料的燃烧速率和燃烧率均降低,同时燃烬点推后,但燃点基本保持不变。其中,添加木本泥炭的处理燃点最高,燃烬点最低,燃烧率最高。各处理物料燃烧一级动力学方程拟合效果较好(R^2=0.86~0.97)。生物干化过程使厨余垃圾单独处理第2失重段反应变难,第3失重段反应变易。然而,对于添加辅料的处理,生物干化过程使第2失重段反应变易,第3失重段反应变更难。总体而言,生物干化过程使各处理的表观活化能(E_m)降低了15.9%~29.4%,使得厨余垃圾的燃烧更加容易。以上研究结果可为厨余垃圾燃料化处理提供参考。

Combustion characteristics of semicokes derived from pyrolysis of low rank bituminous coal

Various semicokes were obtained from medium-low temperature pyrolysis of Dongrong long flame coal.The proximate analysis,calorific value and Hardgrove grindability index(HGI) of semicokes were determined,and the ignition temperature,burnout temperature,ignition index,burnout index,burnout ratio,combustion characteristic index of semicokes were measured and analyzed using thermogravimetry analysis(TGA).The effects of pyrolysis temperature,heating rate,and pyrolysis time on yield,composition and calorific value of long flame coal derived semicokes were investigated,especially the influence of pyrolysis temperature on combustion characteristics and grindability of the semicokes was studied combined with X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis of semicokes.The results show that the volatile content,ash content and calorific value of semicokes pyrolyzed at all process parameters studied meet the technical specifications of the pulverized coal-fired furnaces(PCFF) referring to China Standards GB/T 7562-1998.The pyrolysis temperature is the most influential factor among pyrolysis process parameters.As pyrolysis temperature increases,the yield,ignition index,combustion reactivity and burnout index of semicokes show a decreasing tend,but the ash content increases.In the range of 400 and 450 °C,the grindability of semicokes is rational,especially the grindability of semicokes pyrolyzed at 450 °C is suitable.Except for the decrease of volatile content and increase of ash content,the decrease of combustion performance of semicokes pyrolyzed at higher temperature should be attributed to the improvement of the degree of structural ordering and the increase of aromaticity and average crystallite size of char.It is concluded that the semicokes pyrolyzed at the temperature of 450 °C is the proper fuel for PCFF.

STUDY ON MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCINGSPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF COAL

This paper theoretically analyzes major factors influencing spontaneous combustion of coal, such as molecule structure of coal, porosity, temperature, concentration of oxygen, coal thickness, velocity of face advance, and so on; and probes into how they affect the process of spontaneous combustion of coal, which is of momentous significance to predict or control self ignition of coal.

Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics and NOX Emissions of Pulverized Anthracite Preheated by Circulating Fluidized Bed

A 30 kW bench-scale rig of pulverized anthracite combustion preheated by a circulating fluidized bed （CFB） was developed. The CFB riser has a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 1,500 mm. The down-fired combustion chamber （DFCC） has a diameter of 260 mm and a height of 3,000 mm. Combustion experiments were carded out using pulverized anthracite with 6.74% volatile content. This low volatile coal is difficult to ignite and burn out. Therefore, it requires longer burnout time and higher combustion temperature, which results in larger NOx emis- sions. In the current study, important factors that influence the combustion characteristics and NOx emissions were investigated such as excess air ratio, air ratio in the reducing zone, and fuel residence time in the reducing zone. Pulverized anthracite can be quickly preheated up to 800~C in CFB when the primary air is 24% of theo- retical air for combustion, and the temperature profile is uniform in DFCC. The combustion efficiency is 94.2%, which is competitive with other anthracite combustion technologies. When the excess air ratio ranges from 1.26 to 1.67, the coal-N conversion ratio is less than 32% and the NOx emission concentration is less than 371 mg/m^3 （@6% O2）. When the air ratio in the reducing zone is 0.12, the NOx concentration is 221 mg/m^3 （@6% O2）, and the coal-N conversion ratio is 21%, which is much lower than that of other boilers.

The Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Oxygen Fuel Combustion Boiler

According to 350 MW and 600 MW boilers,under oxygen fuel condition,through the reasonable control of the primary and secondary flow and the correct option and revision of mathematical model,the temperature distribution,heat flux distribution and absorption heat distribution,etc.was obtained which compared with those under air condition.Through calculation,it is obtained that the primary and secondary flow mixed well,good tangentially fired combustion in furnace was formed,the temperature under air condition obviously higher than the temperature under O26 condition.The adiabatic flame temperature of wet cycle was slightly higher than that of dry cycle.The maximum heat load appeared on the waterwall around the burner area.The heat load gradually decreased along the furnace height up and down in burner area.The heat absorption capacity of the furnace under O26 was lower than that under the air condition.The heat absorption capacity of the platen heating surface under 026 was equal to that under air condition.And the heat absorbing capacity of waterwall under O26 was about 7%~12% less than that under air condition.