Coal is the backbone of the Indian power sector. The coal-fired power plants remain the largest emitters of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides, which are associated with climate ...Coal is the backbone of the Indian power sector. The coal-fired power plants remain the largest emitters of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides, which are associated with climate and health impacts. Various CO2 mitigation technologies （carbon capture and storage--CCS） and SO2/NOx mitigation technologies （flue gas desulfurization and selective catalytic reduction） have been employed to reduce the environmental impacts of the coal-fired power plants. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the feasibility of various mitigation technologies employed. This paper attempts to perform environmental life cycle assessment （LCA） of Indian coal-fired power plant with and without CO2, SO2 and NOx mitigation controls. The study develops new normalization factors for India in various damage categories, using the Indian emissions and energy consumption data, coupled with the emissions and particulate emission to come up with a final environmental impact of coal-fired electricity. The results show a large degree of dependence on the perspective of assessment used. The impact of sensitivities of individual substances and the effect of plant efficiency on the final LCA results is also studied.展开更多
The Ontario Hydro Method （OHM） recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired uni...The Ontario Hydro Method （OHM） recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired units with wet FGD systems were chosen to evaluate mercury speciation and mercury removal efficiencies through these wet FGD systems. Chlorine content in coal had been suggested as a main factor that affects mercury speciation in flue gas. It is shown that the higher the chlorine concentration in coal is, the higher the percentage of oxidized mercury （Hg2＋） is removed in wet FGD systems, which can increase overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems. The selective catalyst reduction （SCR） system has a function of oxidizing ele- mental mercury （Hg0） to oxidized mercury. A higher percentage of oxidized mercury in the total vapor mercury at the FGD inlet is observed when SCR is in service. Therefore, higher overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD are attained. Because of different wet FGD operating conditions, there are different mercury removal efficiencies in different units. Elemental mercury reemission took place when a fraction of oxidized mercury absorbed in the slurry is reduced to elemental mercury, and Hg2＋ is reemitted from stack, which results in decreases in mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems.展开更多
Studied the content and distribution of 18 environmental hazardous trace elementsin the lignite, fatty coal, anthracite and its burnt products by combustion simulatingexpriment in the one-dismensinal boiler.The transf...Studied the content and distribution of 18 environmental hazardous trace elementsin the lignite, fatty coal, anthracite and its burnt products by combustion simulatingexpriment in the one-dismensinal boiler.The transformations and concentration of 18 traceelements during different coal combustion were discussed.The results show that there aresome content distribution of 18 hazardous trace elements in every burnt product, but thelaw of concentration and dispersion of every trace element during different coal combustionis very different.Experiment results indicate that the transformation and concentrationof trace elements during coal combustion are related to the element contents and occur-rencesof trace elements in raw coal, but are also affected by some man-made factorssuch as the combustion method of boiler, combustion temperature and atmosphere, thetype of precipitators and so on.展开更多
The bromine （Br） and iodine （I） in raw coal, bottom ash （BA） and fly ash （FA） from seven thermal power plants （TPP） digested with pyrohydrolysis were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spect...The bromine （Br） and iodine （I） in raw coal, bottom ash （BA） and fly ash （FA） from seven thermal power plants （TPP） digested with pyrohydrolysis were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The distribution behavior of Br and I during coal combustion were researched and the environmental effects of Br and I in BA, FA and gas phase were analyzed. The results show that both elements Br and I in combustion products from TPP are usually pre- sent in decreasing order of the distribution rate as gas phase, FA and BA. In FA and BA, the distribution rate of Br （8.11% and 1.68%, respectively） are generally lower than that of I （9.26% and 4.67%, respectively）; on the contrary, in gas phase, the former （90.2%） is higher than the latter （86.9%）. In addition, for gas phase, the percentage of Br： （2.0%-75%） in total Br is generally larger than that of I2 （1.0%-10%） in total I. The environmental effects for Br and I emitted into atmosphere from TPP may be larger than those remained and captured by both FA and BA.展开更多
A quantitative environmental assessment method and the corresponding computer code are introduced in this paper. By the consideration of all fuel cycle steps,it gives that the public health risk of China nuclear power...A quantitative environmental assessment method and the corresponding computer code are introduced in this paper. By the consideration of all fuel cycle steps,it gives that the public health risk of China nuclear power industry is 5.2 × 10-1 man /(GW.a), the occupational health risk is 2.5 man /(GW.a), and the total health risk is 3.0 man /(GW.a). After the health risk calculation for coal mining, transport, burning up and ash disposal, it gives that the public health risk of China coal-fired power industry is 3.6mall/(GW-a), the occupational health risk is 50man /(GW.a), and the total is 54man /(GW.d). Accordingly, the conclusion that China nuclear power industry is an industry with high safety and cleanness is derived at the end.展开更多
The paper presents a method of life cycle assessment （LCA） to determine the impact of the electricity produced on the environment. To determine the environmental burdens and benefits the LCA technique is used, metho...The paper presents a method of life cycle assessment （LCA） to determine the impact of the electricity produced on the environment. To determine the environmental burdens and benefits the LCA technique is used, methodologically based on ISO 14040 series. In addition, the usefulness of this method to assess the energy sector has been shown. To evaluate the process, SimaPro software and the method of Eco Indicator 99 were used, which allows to get the results of the burden and benefit with taking into account three categories of damages： ecosystem quality, human health, and raw materials. This paper presents the impact of electricity generation on the environment in coal power plants. The article also points to the directions of the Polish energy sector and pointed to the need to determine the environmental risks associated with the production of energy. A detailed analysis by the method of LCA is made to compare the environmental impact of electricity generation in the Lagisza Power Plant and Turdw Power Plant. It is pointed to the difference in the results obtained. Moreover, the causes of the reported environmental impacts are discussed. Measures are identified which will help to reduce in the future the impact of the electricity produced on the environment during the production of electricity.展开更多
文摘Coal is the backbone of the Indian power sector. The coal-fired power plants remain the largest emitters of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides, which are associated with climate and health impacts. Various CO2 mitigation technologies （carbon capture and storage--CCS） and SO2/NOx mitigation technologies （flue gas desulfurization and selective catalytic reduction） have been employed to reduce the environmental impacts of the coal-fired power plants. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the feasibility of various mitigation technologies employed. This paper attempts to perform environmental life cycle assessment （LCA） of Indian coal-fired power plant with and without CO2, SO2 and NOx mitigation controls. The study develops new normalization factors for India in various damage categories, using the Indian emissions and energy consumption data, coupled with the emissions and particulate emission to come up with a final environmental impact of coal-fired electricity. The results show a large degree of dependence on the perspective of assessment used. The impact of sensitivities of individual substances and the effect of plant efficiency on the final LCA results is also studied.
文摘The Ontario Hydro Method （OHM） recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to determine mercury speciation in the combustion flue gas across wet FGD systems. Four coal-fired units with wet FGD systems were chosen to evaluate mercury speciation and mercury removal efficiencies through these wet FGD systems. Chlorine content in coal had been suggested as a main factor that affects mercury speciation in flue gas. It is shown that the higher the chlorine concentration in coal is, the higher the percentage of oxidized mercury （Hg2＋） is removed in wet FGD systems, which can increase overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems. The selective catalyst reduction （SCR） system has a function of oxidizing ele- mental mercury （Hg0） to oxidized mercury. A higher percentage of oxidized mercury in the total vapor mercury at the FGD inlet is observed when SCR is in service. Therefore, higher overall mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD are attained. Because of different wet FGD operating conditions, there are different mercury removal efficiencies in different units. Elemental mercury reemission took place when a fraction of oxidized mercury absorbed in the slurry is reduced to elemental mercury, and Hg2＋ is reemitted from stack, which results in decreases in mercury removal efficiencies through wet FGD systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(40133010)Natural Science Foundation of China of Anhui University of Science and Technology for ph.D to Research(DG414)
文摘Studied the content and distribution of 18 environmental hazardous trace elementsin the lignite, fatty coal, anthracite and its burnt products by combustion simulatingexpriment in the one-dismensinal boiler.The transformations and concentration of 18 traceelements during different coal combustion were discussed.The results show that there aresome content distribution of 18 hazardous trace elements in every burnt product, but thelaw of concentration and dispersion of every trace element during different coal combustionis very different.Experiment results indicate that the transformation and concentrationof trace elements during coal combustion are related to the element contents and occur-rencesof trace elements in raw coal, but are also affected by some man-made factorssuch as the combustion method of boiler, combustion temperature and atmosphere, thetype of precipitators and so on.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40133010, 40973080）
文摘The bromine （Br） and iodine （I） in raw coal, bottom ash （BA） and fly ash （FA） from seven thermal power plants （TPP） digested with pyrohydrolysis were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The distribution behavior of Br and I during coal combustion were researched and the environmental effects of Br and I in BA, FA and gas phase were analyzed. The results show that both elements Br and I in combustion products from TPP are usually pre- sent in decreasing order of the distribution rate as gas phase, FA and BA. In FA and BA, the distribution rate of Br （8.11% and 1.68%, respectively） are generally lower than that of I （9.26% and 4.67%, respectively）; on the contrary, in gas phase, the former （90.2%） is higher than the latter （86.9%）. In addition, for gas phase, the percentage of Br： （2.0%-75%） in total Br is generally larger than that of I2 （1.0%-10%） in total I. The environmental effects for Br and I emitted into atmosphere from TPP may be larger than those remained and captured by both FA and BA.
文摘A quantitative environmental assessment method and the corresponding computer code are introduced in this paper. By the consideration of all fuel cycle steps,it gives that the public health risk of China nuclear power industry is 5.2 × 10-1 man /(GW.a), the occupational health risk is 2.5 man /(GW.a), and the total health risk is 3.0 man /(GW.a). After the health risk calculation for coal mining, transport, burning up and ash disposal, it gives that the public health risk of China coal-fired power industry is 3.6mall/(GW-a), the occupational health risk is 50man /(GW.a), and the total is 54man /(GW.d). Accordingly, the conclusion that China nuclear power industry is an industry with high safety and cleanness is derived at the end.
文摘The paper presents a method of life cycle assessment （LCA） to determine the impact of the electricity produced on the environment. To determine the environmental burdens and benefits the LCA technique is used, methodologically based on ISO 14040 series. In addition, the usefulness of this method to assess the energy sector has been shown. To evaluate the process, SimaPro software and the method of Eco Indicator 99 were used, which allows to get the results of the burden and benefit with taking into account three categories of damages： ecosystem quality, human health, and raw materials. This paper presents the impact of electricity generation on the environment in coal power plants. The article also points to the directions of the Polish energy sector and pointed to the need to determine the environmental risks associated with the production of energy. A detailed analysis by the method of LCA is made to compare the environmental impact of electricity generation in the Lagisza Power Plant and Turdw Power Plant. It is pointed to the difference in the results obtained. Moreover, the causes of the reported environmental impacts are discussed. Measures are identified which will help to reduce in the future the impact of the electricity produced on the environment during the production of electricity.
