DETONATION INITIATION INDUCED BY FLAME IMPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVE FOCUSING

Computational simulations on structurally different detonation generator are carried out to study the phenomena,the mechanism and the gas dynamics characteristics of flame implosion and shock wave focusing.Two-dimensional axisymmetric and unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved and detailed chemical reaction kinetics of hydrogen/air mixture is used.The simulation results show that the laminar flame generated by low energy spark in the jet flame burner is accelerated under the narrow channel,the jet flame impinging on the axis strengthens shock wave and the shock wave enhances flame acceleration.Under the function of multiple shock waves and flame,a number of hot spots appear between the wave and the surface.The spots enlarge rapidly,thus forming an over-drive detonation with high pressure,and then declining to stable detonation.Through calculation and analysis,the length of detonation initiation and stable detonation are obtained,thus providing the useful information for further experimental investigations.

先进压水堆核电站氢气风险分析

核电厂在严重事故期间会产生大量氢气并释放到安全壳内,威胁安全壳的完整性。应用氢气风险分析程序GASFLOW对先进压水堆核电站在大破口失水事故叠加应急堆芯冷却系统失效导致的严重事故期间的氢气行为及风险进行分析。结果表明,当气体释放源位于蒸汽发生器隔间时,氢气流动的主要路径为"蒸汽发生器隔间—穹顶空间—操作平台以下隔间";破口隔间的氢气体积浓度分布与源项氢气体积浓度及射流形态有关,非破口区域的氢气体积浓度呈层状分布,在扩散作用下,层状分布向下推移;蒸汽发生器隔间存在着火焰加速(FA)的可能性,但基本可排除燃爆转变(DDT)的可能性,穹顶区域基本可排除FA和DDT的可能性。

氢气复合器与点火器消氢效率与安全性

氢气点火器与氢气复合器是两种消除严重事故安全壳内氢气的设备。以火焰加速准则和燃爆转变准则为基础,利用GA SFLOW程序对影响氢气点火器与复合器的消氢效率和使用安全性的因素:水蒸气浓度和氢气释放速率,进行了研究。结果表明,水蒸气能够有效抑制氢气火焰加速和氢气从燃烧向爆炸的转变;在氢气释放速率较高的情况下,氢气复合器不能够快速有效地消除氢气;采取氢气复合器结合点火器的方式可以安全、有效地降低氢气燃烧带来的风险。