混凝土衬砌的爆振模拟试验研究

针对隧洞开挖施工中存在的爆破振动对混凝土衬砌的影响问题，就其试验研究的方法及爆破振动对混凝土强度的影响进行了探索和分析，得出了爆破振动速度与混凝土强度、在同一爆振速度下混凝土接受振动时的龄期与混凝土强度等关系曲线，从而确定出工程中所关心的安全振速、安全衬砌距离及合理衬砌时间等重要参数，并引用损伤理论对试验结果进行分析。

爆振对衬砌损伤特性影响的室内试验研究

本文根据一隧洞施工现场的实测爆振波特性，就爆振波对隧洞衬砌的浇筑时间、衬砌混凝土受振后的强度降低问题进行了室内爆振模拟试验，并应用损伤力学理论对试验结果作出了合理解释；对工程上所关心的安全爆速、衬砌的安全距离及合理衬砌时间等重要参数都给出了明确解答。

爆振加固法中的水力劈裂及作用范围研究

爆振加固法是一种高效、经济的地基加固方式,其炸药量的选择和药包布置间距的确定对爆振加固的作用效果起决定作用。由于现有的爆振加固计算方法较为繁琐,根据经典爆炸理论、Mohr-Coulomb准则和土体强度参数,从水力劈裂角度提出更便于工程应用的爆振作用范围确定方法,研究了炸药量和土体参数对爆振作用范围的影响,并与试验结果进行了对比,两者对应较好。研究结果表明,在炸药量一定的情况下,药包埋置深度h越大,则土体围压作用越大,爆振作用范围越小;土体强度参数c、φ越大,则土体强度越高,爆振作用范围越小。最后,对爆振加固方法在使用过程中的药量选择及药包布置间距的确定给出了一定的工程建议。

爆振排水固结法加固软土地基的探索试验研究

介绍了爆振排水固结法加固饱和软土地基的现场试验，分析了爆振加固软土的机理通过试验提出了该方法的设计原则和相应的设计参数试验表明了爆振排水固结法加固软土地基的有效性，对建立简单、经济。

液氯贮罐罐内爆振事故的剖析

石岘造纸厂使用３台容积为４３．６ｍ３的液氯贮罐，使用１０个月之后，＃１、＃３液氯贮罐相继发生了比较激烈的罐内爆振现象。为了石岘造纸厂以及本地区的安全，我厂协同各有关部门召开了几次液氯贮罐爆振原因分析会。为了防止再次发生以及为以后用氯流程的设计和安全使...

饱和软粘土中设置袋装砂井的爆振排水固结试验

通过引爆埋置在设有袋装砂井的饱和软粘土中的炸药爆破产生振动,挤密软土及消弱固液相之间联结,使软土中孔隙水压力累积升高,软粘土动排水速度加大,经过袋装砂井竖向排水迅速排出地表和袋装砂井穿入的下部中细砂层,随着孔隙水压力的消散,在上覆荷载及土层自重作用下加速软土的团结、沉降,提高软土的承载力,缩短施工期限。

某增程式新能源轻卡高温油耗偏高问题分析及优化

针对某增程式新能源轻卡高温油耗偏高问题,提出CAN总线数据还原分析方法,识别出油耗偏高与水温和中冷后进气温度偏高相关,采用CFD流场分析的方法对冷却系统进行研究和优化,并且方案验证显示达到了优化效果。汽油发动机在高温大负荷工况下行驶时,水温和中冷后进气温度高容易出现爆振现象,为了避免爆振影响发动机使用寿命和NVH性能,标定时会通过推迟发动机点火推迟角来解决爆振问题,但同时也会牺牲整车油耗性能。该文从改善冷却系统性能角度入手,改善发动机水温和进气温度,在规避发动机爆振风险的情况下使油耗降低了约1.56L/100km。

Classification of mine blasts and microseismic events using starting-up features in seismograms

To find discriminating features in seismograms for the classification of mine seismic events,signal databases of blasts and microseismic events were established based on manual identification.Criteria including the repetition of waveforms,tail decreasing,dominant frequency and occurrence time of day were considered in the establishment of the databases.Signals from databases of different types were drawn into a unified coordinate system.It is noticed that the starting-up angles of the two types tend to be concentrated into two different intervals.However,it is difficult to calculate the starting-up angle directly due to the inaccuracy of the P-wave arrival＇s picking.The slope value of the starting-up trend line,which was obtained by linear regression,was proposed to substitute the angle.Two slope values associated with the coordinates of the first peak and the maximum peak were extracted as the characteristic parameters.A statistical model with correct discrimination rate of greater than 97.1% was established by applying the Fisher discriminant analysis.

Application of Hilbert-Huang transform based delay time identification in optimization of short millisecond blasting

The accurate identification of delay time in millisecond blasting plays an important role in the optimization of blasting design and reduction of vibration effect. Through a case study of a surge shaft blasting project, the capability of the EMD （empirical mode decomposition） method in identifying the delay time of short millisecond blasting with precise initiation was compared with the instantaneous energy method based on Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT）. The recognition rate of the EMD method was more than 80%, while the instantaneous energy method was less than 25%. By analyzing the instantaneous energy of single-hole blasting signal, it was found that the instantaneous energy method was adaptable to millisecond blasting with delay time longer than half of the energy peak period. The EMD method was used to identify delay time of millisecond blasting in Zijinshan open-pit mine. According to the identification results, the blasting parameters were optimized for controlling the blast-induced vibration and reducing the large block ratio. The field data showed that the velocity peak of ground vibration was reduced by more than 30%under almost the same maximum charge per delay by the optimization of delay time and detonating detonators. Combining with slag-remaining blasting and burden optimization of the first row, the large block ratio was reduced to less than 3%. The research results proved that the identification method based on HHT was feasible to optimize the blasting design. The identification method is also of certain reference value for design optimization of other similar blasting projects.

铁路隧道上跨高速公路隧道段施工

文章通过铁路隧道上跨高速公路隧道段的施工,总结了在施工中采取三台阶控制爆破工法、通过对公路隧道进行爆破振速测定的数据分析、反馈优化调整各爆破参数、指导施工。安全、高质、按期地完成了云南省范围首例铁路隧道上跨高速公路隧道的施工,取得了相关的经验。

Characterization Method of Explosion Seismic Wave

A new characterization method of explosion seismic wave is suggested on the basis of the analysis of experimental measured results. The seismic wave function is resolved into amplitude modulation part and random one. For the latter, the fractal dimension and the relevant characterization parameters are yielded by using the Weirstrass Mandelbrot (W M) fractal function. In contrast with conventional statistical parameters, the new set of parameters is independent of the chosen time length scales and the measuring instruments. A modeling example is presented which shows that the theoretical results are in agreement with the experimental results.

噪声污染与膳食“消防”

一般说来,声音分为两类:一类是乐音,由物体呈周期性、有规律的振动而发出来的声音,它给人以和谐、舒适之感;另一类是噪声,物体无周期、无规则的振动,其声音使人心烦意乱,毫无快感.

Influence of explosion parameters on wavelet packet frequency band energy distribution of blast vibration

Blast vibration analysis is one of the important foundations for studying the control technology of blast vibration damage. According to blast vibration live data that have been collected and the characteristics of short-time non-stationary random signals, the wavelet packet energy spectrum analysis for blast vibration signal has made by wavelet packet analysis technology and the signals were measured under different explosion parameters （the maximal section dose, the distance of blast source to measuring point and the section number of millisecond detonator）. The results show that more than 95% frequency band energy of the signals sl-s8 concentrates at 0-200 Hz and the main vibration frequency bands of the signals sl-s8 are 70.313-125, 46.875-93.75, 15.625-93.75, 0-62.5, 42.969-125, 15.625-82.031, 7.813-62.5 and 0-62.5 Hz. Energy distributions for different frequency bands of blast vibration signal are obtained and the characteristics of energy distributions for blast vibration signal measured under different explosion parameters are analyzed. From blast vibration signal energy, the decreasing law of blast seismic waves measured under different explosion parameters was studied and the wavelet packet analysis is an effective means for studying seismic effect induced by blast.

Evaluation and prediction of blast induced ground vibration using support vector machine

We present the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for the prediction of blast induced ground vibration by taking into consideration of maximum charge per delay and distance between blast face to monitoring point. To investigate the suitability of this approach, the predictions by SVM have been compared with conventional predictor equations. Blast vibration study was carried out at Magnesite mine of Pithoragarh, India. Total 170 blast vibrations data sets were recorded at different strate-gic and vulnerable locations in and around to mine. Out of 170 data sets, 150 were used for the training of the SVM network as well as to determine site constants of different conventional predictor equations, whereas, 20 new randomly selected data sets were used to compare the prediction capability of SVM network with conventional predictor equations. Results were compared based on Co-efficient of Determination (CoD) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) between monitored and predicted values of Peak Particle Veloc-ity (PPV). It was found that SVM gives closer values of predicted PPV as compared to conventional predictor equations. The coef-ficient of determination between measured and predicted PPV by SVM was 0.955, whereas it was 0.262, 0.163, 0.337 and 0.232 by USBM, Langefors-Kihlstrom, Ambraseys-Hendron and Bureau of Indian Standard equations, respectively. The MAE for PPV was 11.13 by SVM, whereas it was 0.973, 1.088, 0.939 and 1.292 by USBM, Langefors-Kihlstrom, Ambraseys-Hendron and Bureau of Indian Standard equations respectively.

Investigation on the threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity for the extraction of complicated orebody under railway

The threshold control of safety blasting vibration velocity is a significant process for the underground mining of complicated ore deposit under construction,road,and water.According to the equivalent principle of displacement and velocity of mass point,differential evolution is put forward based on 3DEC dynamic analysis,making the calculation more efficient and accurate.The 3DEC model of the complicated orebody under railway is established according to the topographic maps and geological data of the eastern Pyrite Mine.The stimulus-response distribution of internal stress and displacement fields are demonstrated by analyzing the on-site monitoring vibration displacement and velocity data of the mass point.The reliability of parameter selection,such as blasting simulation waveforms,rock damping,is identified.The safety vibration velocity of railway is set to 4.5 cm/s in line with the requirement of safety blasting rules.Thus,the maximum amount of single-stage explosive in this region is 44.978 kg.The simulation result is in good agreement with the on-site monitoring datum.No displacement and settlement of the 701 railway special line was achieved by choosing the critical amount of the single-stage explosive.

Influence of maximum decking charge on intensity of blasting vibration

Based on the character of short-time non-stationary random signal, the relationship between the maximum decking charge and energy distribution of blasting vibration signals was investigated by means of the wavelet packet method. Firstly, the characteristics of wavelet transform and wavelet packet analysis were described. Secondly, the blasting vibration signals were analyzed by wavelet packet based on software MATLAB, and the change of energy distribution curve at different frequency bands were obtained. Finally, the law of energy distribution of blasting vibration signals changing with the maximum decking charge was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of decking charge, the ratio of the energy of high frequency to total energy decreases, the dominant frequency hands of blasting vibration signals tend towards low frequency and hlasting vibration does not depend on the maximum decking charge.

Test and Analysis of an Existing Tunnel Vibration Induced by Blasting Construction of Diaphragm Wall

According to the blasting construction of the diaphragm wall of Puxi approaching section of East Fuxing Road river-crossing tunnel, the monitoring project of the vibration of the existing tun-nel induced by the blasting construction is put forward, which includes the sensors’ location, moni-tor method and the vibration monitoring system. Based on the monitoring data of the explosion vibration, the vibration wave forms, velocities, acceleration responses, main frequencies and fields of measure points are analyzed under the conditions of three locations and different charge quanti-ties. According to the safety-judging standard of explosion vibration, the conclusion that the exist- ing tunnel is safe under the explosion vibration is then drawn. Furthermore, the spectrum character-istics of three explosion vibrations and the spectrum changing properties of explosion vi-bration wave transmitting in different directions are concluded, which can provide reference to similar projects.

Comparison of vibrations induced by excavation of deep-buried cavern and open pit with method of bench blasting

The measured data of vibrations induced by excavation of deep-buried cavern and open pit with method of bench blasting were analyzed by Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform,and the characteristics of vibrations induced under these two circumstances were studied.It is concluded that with the similar rock condition and drilling-blasting parameters,vibration induced by bench blasting in deep-buried cavern has a higher main frequency and more scattered energy distribution than that in open pit.The vibration induced by bench blasting in open pit is mainly originated from the blast load,while the vibration induced by bench blasting in deep-buried cavern is the superposition of vibrations induced by blast load and transient release of in-situ stress.The vibration induced by transient release of in-situ stress increases with the stress level.

BP neural network model on the forecast for blasting vibrating parameters in the course of hole-by-hole detonation

According to the neural network theory, combined with the technical characteristicsof the hole-by-hole detonation technology, a BP network model on the forecast forblasting vibration parameters was built.Taking the deep hole stair demolition in a mine asan experimental object and using the raw information and the blasting vibration monitoringdata collected in the process of the hole-by-hole detonation, carried out some training andapplication work on the established BP network model through the Matlab software, andachieved good effect.Also computed the vibration parameter with the empirical formulaand the BP network model separately.After comparing with the actual value, it is discoveredthat the forecasting result by the BP network model is close to the actual value.