基于SBF算法的HRV信号信息熵分析

目的:HRV信号是发生在非均匀间隔时间点上的RR序列,其传统的频域分析方法为功率谱分析,但对于非均匀采样的HRV信号,快速傅里叶变换(FFT)并不适用,同时HRV信号是具有混沌性和非平稳性的信号,功率谱也不善于表现HRV信号的非平稳性质。SBF(Similar Basis Function)算法是相对于FFT的另一种傅里叶积分估计方法,适用于均匀与非均匀采样信号,片段谱是基于SBF算法定义的表示信号能量分布的参数,相对于功率谱其主要的优点是能表现谱随时间的变化,对于处理非平稳信号也有一定的优势。因此本文探究用片段谱信息熵作为HRV信号的参数指标,分析HRV信号在不同频段能量分布复杂度随年龄的变化。方法:本文以20名年轻(21~34)岁与20名年老(68~81)岁二组健康人的HRV信号为实验数据,用SBF算法计算出二组人的片段谱,再算出多个不同频率段上的信息熵,同时用全频段分割法计算两组人的信息熵。结果:在0.003 Hz^0.04 Hz和0.04 Hz^0.15 Hz频段内,年轻组的片段谱熵明显大于老年组(p<0.001,p<0.01);由全频段分割法也得到类似的结果。结论:因而基于SBF算法的片段谱熵是分析HRV信号的有效指标。

DNA chip-based expression profile analysis indicates involvement of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in multiple plant responses to hormone and abiotic treatments

The phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolic pathway is considered critical in plant responses to many environmental factors,and previous studies have indicated the involvement of multiple PI-related gene families during cellular responses.Through a detailed analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome,82 polypeptides were identified as being involved in PI signaling. These could be grouped into different families including PI synthases (PIS),PI-phosphate kinases (PIPK),phospholipases (PL),inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (IPPase),inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPK),PI transfer proteins and putative inositol polyphosphate receptors. The presence of more than 10 isoforms of PIPK,PLC,PLD and IPPase suggested that these genes might be differentially expressed during plant cellular responses or growth and development. Accordingly,DNA chip technology was employed to study the expression patterns of various isoforms.In total,79 mRNA clones were amplified and used for DNA chip generation. Expression profile analysis was performed using samples that represented multiple tissues or cellular responses. Tested samples included normal leaf,stem and flower tissues,and leaves from plants treated with various hormones (auxin,cytokinin,gibberellin,abscisic acid and brassinosteroid) or environmental factors (temperature,calcium,sodium,drought,salicylic acid and jasmonic acid).Results showed that many PI pathway-related genes were differentially expressed under these experimental conditions.In particular,the different isoforms of each family were specifically expressed in many cases,suggesting their involvement in tissue specificity and cellular responses to environmental conditions. This work provides a starting point for functional studies of the relevant PI-related proteins and may help shed light onto the role of PI pathways in development and cellular responses.

Epiphytic bacterial communities on two common submerged macrophytes in Taihu Lake: diversity and host-specificity

Leaves of terrestrial and aquatic plants are home to a wide diversity of bacterial species. However, the diversity and variability of epiphytic bacteria on their submerged plant hosts remains poorly understood. We investigated the diversity and composition of epiphytic bacteria from two common submerged macrophytes: Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu, China, using methods of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses targeted at bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results show that: (1) the libraries of the two waterweeds contain wide phylogenetic distribution of bacteria, and that the sequences of the two libraries can be separated into 93 OTUs (at 97% similar value); (2) Betaproteobacteria, including Burkholderiales, was the most abundant bacterial group on both plants. Cyanobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the second largest groups on V. natans and H. verticillata, respectively. Both clone libraries included some sequences related to those of methanotrophs and nitrogen-fixing bacteria; (3) Cluster analysis of the T-RFLP profiles showed two distinct clusters corresponding to the two plant populations. Both ANOSIM of the T-RFLP data and Libshuff analysis of the two clone libraries indicated a significant difference in epiphytic bacterial communities between the two plants. Therefore, the epiphytic bacterial communities on submerged macrophytes appear to be diverse and host-specific, which may aid in understanding the ecological functions of submerged macrophytes in general.

2000年中国结核病流行病学抽样调查菌株分子流行病学特征

目的:判定北京基因型结核分枝杆菌在中国结核分枝杆菌复合群中的群结构特征。设计:采用spoligotyping和IS6110限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)方法对441株分枝杆菌分离株行基因分型鉴定。分离株取自2000年中国结核病流行病学抽样调查,耐药性和流行病学资料已知。结果:spoligotyping法共鉴定408株结核分枝杆菌,其中北京基因型结核分枝杆菌占64.9%(265/408)。卡方检验北京基因型结核分枝杆菌在性别、年龄、地区所占的比例没有统计学显著性差异,但是耐多药(MDR)有统计学显著性差异。北京基因型在耐多药和药物敏感性分离株中所占的比例分别为77.8%(42/54)和60.2%(213/354)。多元回归分析提示北京基因型与不同地区存在联系,但与耐多药无关。结论:北京基因型结核分枝杆菌在中国流行至少50年,并且与地区有关。

Preliminary genetic linkage map of the abalone Haliotis diversicolor Reeve

Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is one of the most important mollusks cultured in South China. Preliminary genetic linkage maps were constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 2 596 AFLP markers were obtained from 28 primer combinations in two parents and 78 offsprings. Among them, 412 markers (15.9%) were polymorphic and segregated in the mapping family. Chi-square tests showed that 151 (84.4%) markers segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio (P<0.05) in the female parent, and 200 (85.8%) in the male parent. For the female map, 179 markers were used for linkage analysis and 90 markers were assigned to 17 linkage groups with an average interval length of 25.7 cm. For the male map, 233 markers were used and 94 were mapped into 18 linkage groups, with an average interval of 25.0 cm. The estimated genome length was 2 773.0 cm for the female and 2 817.1 cm for the male map. The observed length of the linkage map was 1 875.2 cm and 1 896.5 cm for the female and male maps, respectively. When doublets were considered, the map length increased to 2 152.8 cm for the female and 2 032.7 cm for the male map, corresponding to genome coverage of 77.6% and 72.2%, respectively.

Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.

Phosphate Solubilizing Ability and Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria from P-Rich Soils Around Dianchi Lake Drainage Area of China

The phylogenetic diversity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria （PSB） distributed in P-rich soils in the Dianchi Lake drainage area of China was characterized, and the tricalcium phosphate （TCP） solubilizing activities of isolated PSB were determined. Among 1 328 bacteria isolated from 100 P-rich soil samples, 377 isolates （28.39% of the total） that exhibited TCP solubilization activity were taken as PSB. These PSB showed different abilities to solubilize TCP, with the concentrations of solubilized P in bacterial cultures varying from 33.48 to 69.63 mg L^（-1）. A total of 123 PSB isolates, with relatively high TCP solubilization activity （〉 54.00 mg L^（-1））, were submitted for restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） analysis, which revealed 32 unique RFLP patterns. Based on these patterns, 62 representative isolates, one to three from each RFLP pattern, were selected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis placed the 123 PSB into three bacterial phyla, namely Proteobacteria, Aetinobacteria and Firmicutes. Members of Proteobacteria were the dominant PSB, where 107 isolates represented by 26 RFLP patterns were associated with the genera of Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Serratia, Klebsiella, Leclercia, Raoultella and Cedeeea. Firmicutes were the subdominant group, in which 13 isolates were affiliated with the genera of Bacillus and Brevibacterium. The remaining 3 isolates were identified as three species of the genus Arthrobacter. This research extends the knowledge on PSB in P-rich soils and broadens the spectrum of PSB for the development of environmentally friendly biophosphate fertilizers.