职业性慢性黄磷中毒牙齿和下颌骨损害的X线表现(附5例报告)

黄磷是一种高毒类无机物，长期接触黄磷的作业工人可致慢性中毒，以牙齿和下颌骨损害为主要特征〔１，２〕。作者应用Ｘ线全颌体层摄影为１０５名黄磷作业工人拍摄下颌骨片，本文仅对其中５例典型病例的Ｘ线表现分析报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料：男性４例，女性１...

扫描电镜观察超声洁牙对牙体组织损害及临床防治研究

目的 探讨超声洁牙对牙体组织的损害及临床防治。方法 我们先选用6颗离体牙分成3组，每组2颗牙，1颗为实验组，另一颗为对照组，分别由专门培训的医生进行实验组洁牙，对照组则由进修医生按其原来的习惯沽牙。同样将临床200例患者进行随机分为100例实验组、100例对照组，分别按上述方式洁牙，半年随访观察。结果从离体牙实验和临床200例病例的观察结果得知超声输出频率最佳为4～5MHz，手压力为5～10克，超声工作头与牙齿弧面的切面相一致的方向，成15°角，不能在牙面某一点上来回逗留过久，才能最大限度地降低牙面损害程度，同时超声洁牙后最好常规抛光。结论 超声波洁牙省时、省力，但要注意使用正确输出功率，正确的操作手法，才能做到既清除牙石、牙垢及色素，又不损害牙体组织。并提出了研制超声洁牙机应有警报装置，提请厂家改进意见。

正畸治疗损害口腔粘膜、牙体、牙周研究

目的 :探讨固定正畸治疗时戴固定矫治器对患者口腔粘膜、牙体、牙周等的损害。方法 :对 10 7例实施固定正畸治疗患者在矫正保持期做口腔检查、摄牙片等检查 ,比较患者性别之间、年龄组之间、设计治疗方案之间的差异。结果 :患者性别之间、年龄组之间、设计治疗方案之间差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 . 0 5或 0 . 0 1)。结论 :①固定矫治器对患者口腔粘膜、牙体、牙周等造成的损害与矫治对象、年龄及设计治疗方案均存在一定的关系 ;②对接受固定正畸治疗的患者进行规范的口腔卫生宣传教育是非常重要的。

隐裂所致牙髓炎17例误诊临床分析

目的分析隐裂所致牙髓炎误诊的原因。方法回顾性分析一组隐裂所致牙髓炎17例误诊病例临床资料。结果 17例隐裂所致牙髓炎确诊前就诊次数多,就诊医院数多,经治医生数多,错误诊断数多。结论隐裂所致牙髓炎确诊比较困难,应引起医师们的重视,避免发生误诊。

Injuries in Spanish female soccer players

Background: Epidemiologic research to learn the incidence, type, location, and severity of female soccer injuries and the risk factors for sustaining a sport injury is the first step in developing preventive policies. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of injuries in the population of female soccer players in Spain.Methods: The injuries incurred by 25,397 female soccer players were registered by the medical staff of the Spanish Football Federation during 1 season. A standardized medical questionnaire was used to classify the injury according to type, severity, location, and injury mechanism. A total of 2108 injuries was reported with an incidence of 0.083 injuries per player per season. Most injuries were in the lower limbs(74.0%), mainly affecting knee(30.4%) and ankle joints(17.9%).Results: The proportion of injuries derived from contact with another player was higher during matches(33.7%) than during training(11.4%;p < 0.001). Noncontact injuries were classified as severe more frequently than were contact injuries(51.0% vs. 42.6%; p < 0.001). A higher incidence of injury was found in adult soccer players(≥18 years) vs. their counterparts younger than 18 years(0.094 vs. 0.072 injuries per player per year, respectively; p < 0.001). There were no differences between age groups in any other injury variable(e.g., type, mechanism, location, or severity; p > 0.05).Conclusion: Most female soccer injuries were located at the knee and ankle; the injury mechanism determined the playing time lost; and the player's age did not affect injury characteristics.

超声离体洁牙与临床洁牙的扫描电镜观察

目的探讨超声洁牙不损害牙体组织的最佳频率及操作要点。方法选择25颗离体牙，其中有一颗牙为正常对照，另24颗均有程度不同牙结石和烟斑的牙，随机分为3组：A组、B组和C组。每8颗牙1组，每组又分牙结实验组和对照组，以上实验各组均由培训过同一医师进行不同超声频率操作。对照组由没有培训过的医师进行超声洁治。然后以扫描电镜观察。同时，选择临床200例，随机分为两组：100例为临床实验组（下简称实验组），由专门培训的医师进行超声洁牙；另100例为临床对照组（下简称对照组），由未培训的医师超声洁牙，半年随访临床观察。结果从离体牙和临床的观察结果可以确定，超声输出频率最佳为4～5MHz，手的压力为0．049035～0．09807N，超声工作头与牙齿弧面的切面相一致的方向，成角小于20。，不能在牙面某一点上往来逗留过久，才能最大限度地降低牙面损害程度，另外超声洁牙后最好抛光。结论超声洁牙省时、省力，但要注意使用正确的输出频率，正确的操作方法，才能做到既清除牙结石、牙垢及色素，又不损害牙体组织。