延边牛及其杂种牛血液酶学指标的研究(第五报)

1991年5月初,在延边种牛场选定延边牛47头和杂种牛16头,测定血液中四种酶的酶学指标。其结果:谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH—px)活力均值(X±S)延边牛为41.39±21.15,杂种牛为41.65±16.78;α淀粉酶(α—AMY)活力均值(X+S)延边牛为82.50±35.79,杂种牛为74.00±16.57;精氨酸酶(ARG)活力均值(X±S)延边牛为2.32±1.56,杂种牛为1.97±0.82;山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活力均值(X±S)延边牛为9.39±3.52,杂种牛为5.92±1.71。通过血液酶指标的测定,使我们对延边牛及其杂种牛血液酶的活性有了初步认识,为今后进一步探讨延边牛的选育及有关疾病的临床病理学诊断提供一些科学数据。

牛血液前处理方式对ELISA法检测克仑特罗结果的影响

采用单因素实验和正交实验探讨牛血液样品前处理方式对酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测克仑特罗残留结果的影响。结果表明:通过控制牛血液离心前放置时间、离心后放置时间、抗凝剂添加比例,可以有效提高血清样品的质量,最大程度的减少ELISA法检测牛血样中克仑特罗残留假阳性的结果。牛血液样品前处理的各因素对克仑特罗残留检测结果的影响顺序为:离心前放置时间>抗凝剂添加比例>离心后放置时间。牛血液样品最佳前处理条件为离心前放置30min、抗凝剂添加比例为1:9、离心后放置时间0min。按照牛血液样品最佳前处理条件,用ELISA法检测30份样品,筛选出2份阳性样品,经液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)确证为阳性,两种方法检测结果一致。在1.0～8.1μg/L线性范围内,ELISA法检测克仑特罗残留结果假阳性率为0%。

高效液相色谱质谱联用法检测牛血液4种β-受体激动剂残留

建立检测牛血液样品中莱克多巴胺、克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和马布特罗等4种β-兴奋剂类药物的高效液相色谱质谱联用方法(LC-MS/MS)。采用β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶对牛血液样品进行水解,采用pH 5.2的乙酸钠溶液对样品进行提取,通过固相萃取柱净化样品,浓缩提取物。在正离子模式下,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式对β-受体激动剂进行定性和定量分析,通过三个浓度水平(0.5μg/L、1.5μg/L、4.0μg/L)进行验证试验。所得样品回收率在95.4%~101.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.84%~8.56%。该方法具有简便、准确的优点,各项技术指标均符合国内外法规的要求,能够确证检测牛血液中β-受体激动剂类药物残留。

牛血资源综合开发利用研究进展

介绍了牛血的成分、营养特性及开发利用价值和综合利用现状,同时对牛血资源在食品工业、生化制药工业以及饲料工业的研究进展进行了概述,并讨论了牛血资源综合利用存在的问题和解决措施。

不同个体牛的血清IgG水平的差异分析

研究了仔牛哺乳期血清IgG水平的变化及血清IgG含量与牛龄、性别的关系。结果表明:仔牛吃完母乳24h后血清中的IgG达到峰值(65.58±9.87)mg.mL-1,提取免疫球蛋白的原料血液应选择的牛龄在8年以下为宜;当以6￣8年的牛血液作为原料时,母牛血液IgG含量比公牛血液IgG含量高1%。

Effect of Yizhikang Powder on Hemorheological Indexes in Dairy Cattle with Retained Placenta

[ Objective ] The aim of the research was to reveal the mechanism of Yizhikang powder treatment on dairy cattle with retained placenta from the hemorheological perspective. [ Method] Dairy cattle with retained placenta were treated with oral administration of Yizhikang powder. And their hemorheological indexes were measured and compared with the corresponding indicators of pre-administration group, healthy group, and control group （sick but untreated）.[ Result] There was large decrease amplitude in the indexes （whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity reduction viscosity, ESR, ESR equation K value, fibrinogen content, platelet aggregation rate, RBC deformability IF value） of treated dairy cattle with retained placenta. By t test, the indexes, except hematocrit, decreased significantly after treatment （P〈0.05） and reached the status of post partum healthy cows. The hemorheological indexes didn＇t change significantly in the control group before and after treatment. [ Conclusion] Yizhikang powder could significantly improve blood flow state and reduced the occurrence of qi stagnation and blood stasis in perinatal period.

Changes in Blood and Semen Quality of Bulls after Artificial Infection with Mycoplasma wenyonii

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mycoplasma wenyoni on blood and semen quality of breeding bul s. [Method] Ten 10 healthy breeding bul s of Luxi cattle were randomly divided into two groups. Breeding bul s in experimental group were injected intravenously with M. wenyoni on Day 0 and Day 28. Effects of Mycoplasma wenyoni on breeding bul s were evaluated compre-hensively based on clinical symptoms, blood smears, blood physiological and bio-chemical properties, semen quality and scrotal changes. [Result] In addition to indi-vidual indices, the experimental group exhibited basical y normal clinical examination results without significant abnormal blood and semen quality. [Conclusion] This study suggests that M. wenyoni has low virulence and pathogenicity to breeding bul s af-ter artificial infection, leading to no significant changes in blood and semen quality.

The Hematology of Lactating Buffalo Fed Local Foliage as Feed Supplement

The research aimed to determine the effect of feed supplements of cassava （Manihot esculenta Crantz） leaves, gliricidia （Gliricidia sepeum） leaves and katuk （Sauropus androgynus （L.） Merr.） leaves on the hematology of lactating buffalo. Four lactating buffaloes in Kanagarian Pamatang Panjang, Sijunjung district, West Sumatera, Indonesia were studied. The experiment used a Latin square design with four treatments and four replications/block. The treatments were control （without supplementary foliage, A）, with cassava leaves （B）, with gliricidia leaves （C） and with katuk leaves （D） each at 5 kg/haead/day. The hematology variables measured were erythrocytes and leucocytes counts, as well as levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results showed that supplementary foliage of 5 kg/head/day of cassava, gliricidia or katuk as leaves significantly increased the erythrocytes count and hemoglobin level, but did not affect the number of leucocytes in lactating buffalo.

Biological,antibacterial activities and electrochemical behavior of borided commercially pure titanium in BSA-containing PBS

The effects of boride coating on the bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and electrochemical behavior of commercially pure titanium(CP-Ti) in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) with bovine serum albumin(BSA) were studied. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction(GIXRD) pattern confirmed the formation of a Ti B/Ti B2 coating via boriding process. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observation indicated that the Ti B2 cross-linked particles covered the Ti B whiskers. Water contact angle measurements revealed that boriding led to the formation of a surface with intermediate water affinity. Potentiodynamic polarization(PDP) assays demonstrated that the Ti B/Ti B2 coating had acceptable passivation behavior in BSA-containing PBS. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurements revealed that the passivation behavior of the CP-Ti and the borided samples was improved by increasing exposure time. Based on the Mott-Schottky(M-S) tests, it was realized that the charge carriers of passive films of both samples decreased with increasing exposure time in BSA-containing PBS. The bioactivity test results in a simulated body fluid showed that the Ti B/Ti B2 coating switched the CP-Ti from bioinert to bioactive material. Finally, the antibacterial activity test of the Ti B/Ti B2 coating against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus indicated 99% antibacterial activity.

Anatomical and Histological Study of the Foot of Iraqi Endogenous Buffaloes （Bubalus bubalis）

The anatomical and histological study were conducted on 72 specimens of buffaloes foot, regardless of the age and species The foot structures were described which included first phalanx, second phalanx, third phalanx, digital cushion, joint, ligaments and tendons, as well as the foot＇s sole, blood and nerve supply. The main source of blood supply is the median artery, the radial artery, dorsal metacarpal artery. On the other hand, the metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint and joint＇s capsules were shown by radiographic pictures. The median nerve is the main source of the nerve supply of foot, as well as ulnar and radial nerve. However, the digital tendons on the dorsal surface and palmer surface were represented by common, proper flexor digital tendons and deep superficial digital extensor tendons respectively, the histological picture of coronary region revealed that it consistd of horn tubules and intertubular horn. While the lamellae region showed that it consisted of primary epidermal lamellae, containing the epidermis and dermis regions, also, noticed that the epidermal lamellae was interfered with faced dermis lamellar. The histological structure of the hoof revealed that it consisted of keratinocytes which connected with each other by desmosal adhesion. Digital cushion contained of elastic and collagen fibers with presence of adipose cells masses greater than that at foot sole.

微生物发酵牛血生产蛋白饲料的研究

旨在研究微生物发酵新鲜牛血液前、后的营养成分变化规律,评估其能否作为蛋白饲料,为牛血资源的综合利用提供参考。利用酵母菌、黑曲霉菌和米曲霉菌等比例混合发酵新鲜牛血并测定发酵前、后的水分、粗蛋白、真蛋白、小肽等含量。结果表明:1)发酵后,粗蛋白增至53.81%DM,比发酵前提高了36.50%;2)真蛋白增至36.50%DM,比发酵前提高了55.92%;3)小肽占真蛋白的比例增至44.97%,比发酵前提高了115.08%。实验结果说明,微生物发酵新鲜牛血可以改善牛血营养成分的组成模式,能有效地将大分子蛋白质降解为小分子蛋白(小肽),对开发易于动物吸收利用的蛋白饲料具有重要意义。

Effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines, AMP-activated protein kinase, and heat shock signal molecules in dairy cows

Heat stress affects feed intake, milk production, and endocrine status in dairy cows. The temperaturehumidity index（THI） is employed as an index to evaluate the degree of heat stress in dairy cows. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether THI is the most appropriate measurement of heat stress in dairy cows. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on serum insulin, adipokines（leptin and adiponectin）, AMP-activated protein kinase（AMPK）, and heat shock signal molecules（heat shock transcription factor（HSF） and heat shock proteins（HSP）） in dairy cows and to research biomarkers to be used for better understanding the meaning of THI as a bioclimatic index. To achieve these objectives, two experiments were performed. The first experiment： eighteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were used. The treatments were： heat stress（HS, THI average=81.7, n=9） and cooling（CL, THI average=53.4, n=9）. Samples of HS were obtained on August 16, 2013, and samples of CL were collected on April 7, 2014 in natural conditions. The second experiment： HS treatment cows（n=9） from the first experiment were fed for 8 weeks from August 16, 2013 to October 12, 2013. Samples for moderate heat stress, mild heat stress, and no heat stress were obtained, respectively, according to the physical alterations of the THI. Results showed that heat stress significantly increased the serum adiponectin, AMPK, HSF, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90（P〈0.05）. Adiponectin is strongly associated with AMPK. The increases of adiponectin and AMPK may be one of the mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in heat-stressed dairy cows. When heat stress treatment lasted 8 weeks, a higher expression of HSF and HSP70 was observed under moderate heat stress. Serum HSF and HSP70 are sensitive and accurate in heat stress and they could be potential indicators of animal response to heat stress. We recommend serum HSF and HSP70 as meaningful biomarkers to supplement the THI and evaluate moderate heat stress in dairy cows in the future.

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid monolith for trypsin immobilization

In proteomics, attention has focused on various immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) for the realization of high throughput digestion. In this report, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid monolith based IMER was prepared in a 100 μm i.d. capillary with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) as the monomer and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the crosslinker. Trypsin immobilization was achieved via the reaction between vicinal diol groups, which were obtained from hydrolysis of epoxy groups, and the amino groups of trypsin. Bovine serum albumin was digested thoroughly by this IMER in 47 s. After micro-reverse phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (μRPLC-MS/MS) analysis and database searching, beyond 35% sequence coverage was obtained, and the result was comparable to that of 12 h in solution digestion. The present IMER has potential for high throughput digestion.

Effects of stenoses on non-Newtonian flow of blood in blood vessels

In this paper, a mathematical model for steady blood flow through blood vessels with uniform cross-section in stenoses arteries has been proposed. Blood is assumed to be non- Newtonian, incompressible and homogeneous fluid. Blood in human artery is represented as Bingham plastic fluid. Expressions for flow rate, wall shear stress, and resistance to flow against stenoses size have been obtained. Obtained results indicate that stenoses size decreases the flow rate and increases the wall shear stress as well as resistance to flow.