A new species Pseudiberus (Pseudiberus) maoensis sp.nov.was proposed,and the first dissection study was carried out upon Bradybaena (Bradybaena) pseudocampylaea (Moellendorff),Bradybaena (Bradybaena) sueshanensis Pils...A new species Pseudiberus (Pseudiberus) maoensis sp.nov.was proposed,and the first dissection study was carried out upon Bradybaena (Bradybaena) pseudocampylaea (Moellendorff),Bradybaena (Bradybaena) sueshanensis Pilsbry,and Bradybaena (Bradybaena) controversa monotaeniata Pilsbry.All examined specimens as well as types are housed in the Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.展开更多
The demand for natural resources, energy and food facing the contemporary perception of sustainability is imposing challenges to the productive sectors in accordance with market guidelines. In this context, the Brazil...The demand for natural resources, energy and food facing the contemporary perception of sustainability is imposing challenges to the productive sectors in accordance with market guidelines. In this context, the Brazilian agribusiness seeks to maintain external competitiveness and to satisfy growing domestic demands. In beef production, this competitiveness pervades traceability, food safety and sustainability. This article aims to identify the sustainability state of the art in agribusiness and characterize it within the Brazilian beef chain. Descriptive methodology, combining a literature review and a documentary data survey were adopted. An outline of the dimensions of agribusiness sustainability, drawn from benchmark practices, indicates that environmental, social and technological demands have become part of the industry＇s agenda. The data for beef cattle point to a growth in production but demonstrate that expansion has occurred in areas of environmental tension, which creates a demand for sustainability in the beef chain. A table of guidelines for sustainability demonstrates that although perceptions are not yet harmonized among the links in the whole beef chain, many of the technological guidelines for sustainable production may increase the producer＇s economic efficiency. In the Brazilian case, the increment of initiatives and dissemination of sustainable practices among the beef chain is desirable to provide a coordinated response of production, processing and distribution organizations facing market opportunities for sustainable livestock.展开更多
Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia （CBPP） is one of the endemic and life-threatening livestock diseases in the arid and semi-arid land areas （ASALs） of Kenya, which justify the case for the control of livestock di...Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia （CBPP） is one of the endemic and life-threatening livestock diseases in the arid and semi-arid land areas （ASALs） of Kenya, which justify the case for the control of livestock diseases to avoid the spread of such diseases from the ASALs to the rest of the country, and a CBPP control quarantine line （CQL） that to help prevent the spread of CBPP from the ASALs of North-eastern Kenya to the rest of the country has been in existence since the colonial （pre-1963） times in Kenya. However, the livestock keepers in the ASALs view the CQL as an impediment to their main source of livelihoods because it entails livestock movement restrictions, thus constraining unfettered livestock marketing. Available literature shows that there is a dearth of information on the economics of livestock diseases control in Kenya in terms of its impacts on social welfare. Employing the CQL as a case study, this study shows that an application of analytic techniques that combine disease risk analysis and conventional cost-benefit modelling that incorporates some aspects that are specific to livestock diseases and their control strategies can generate indices of economic impacts of livestock diseases control on social welfare. The study finds that the livestock keepers and traders in Kenya do not consider CBPP a major problem to warrant livestock movement restrictions, yet the official records of the veterinary authorities indicate that CBPP is a major threat to the cattle industry in Kenya. Annually, the government spends substantial resources on the CQL operation and maintenance and also on CBPP surveillance and monitoring to contain the CBPP menace in Kenya. This study shows that such expenditures are economically and socially justifiable. Nevertheless, the study finds some operational inefficiencies in the enforcement of the CQL requirements. The authors, therefore, undertake an evaluation of alternative CBPP control strategies and conclude that it would be more cost effective to shift the CQL from its current location to the international borders of the arid districts, provided that this action is preceded by adequate CBPP control preparatory measures, as described in the paper.展开更多
Afyon kaymak （milk cream） is traditional dairy product of Afyon city which is a junction of Middle Anatolia and West regions and famous with its thermal tourism and food. However, challenging production process led ...Afyon kaymak （milk cream） is traditional dairy product of Afyon city which is a junction of Middle Anatolia and West regions and famous with its thermal tourism and food. However, challenging production process led Afyon kaymak to lose its importance. Although buffalo milk is the raw material of traditional Afyon kaymak, cow milk can be used in the process. In traditional process, milk is filtered with double cheesecloth and gotten into the aluminum or tinned copper milk cream pans where the capacity is around 2.5-3.0 L. Half-filled pan is warm up to 90-95 ℃. Pans are carried to cool area and left until cooling. Milk cream on the cooled pans is lined by a pin. New milked milk is added to the lined cream in pans and heated for 1 h. It is covered and held on for 6-8 h. While holding period is until afternoon on summer time, it is until mid-afternoon in winter. Covers of the pans are opened and hold in a cool place until morning and, thus, cream is chilled. Cream layer on pans are lined and gotten out of pans. Cream as circle is divided into four pieces and left to the cream package after turning down. In this review, we aimed to give some information about Afyon kaymak and its production methods.展开更多
We investigate the post-Newtonian parameter 7 and derive its formalism in generalized non-local （GNL） gravity, which is the modified theory of general relativity （GR） obtained by adding a term m2n-2 R -nR to the E...We investigate the post-Newtonian parameter 7 and derive its formalism in generalized non-local （GNL） gravity, which is the modified theory of general relativity （GR） obtained by adding a term m2n-2 R -nR to the Einstein-Hilbert action. Concretely, based on parametrizing the generalized non-local action in which gravity is described by a series of dynamical scalar fields ~i in addition to the metric tensor g μ v, the post-Newtonian limit is computed, and the effective gravitational constant as well as the post-Newtonian parameters are directly obtained from the generalized non-local gravity. Moreover, by discussing the values of the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters 9,, we can compare our expressions and results with those in Hohmann and Jarv et al. （2016）, as well as current observational constraints on the values of γ in Will （2006）. Hence, we draw restrictions on the nonminimal coupling terms F- around their background values.展开更多
This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. By emp...This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. By employing nu- merical simulation and theoretical analysis the properties of the flow and local resistance of power law fluid under different working conditions are obtained. To explore the change rule the experiment is carried out by changing the Reynolds number, the wall roughness and differcnt diameter ratio of elbow pipe. The variation of the local resistance coefficient with the Reynolds number, the diameter ratio and the wall roughness is presented comprehensively in the paper. The results show that the local resistance force coefficient hardly changes with Reynolds number of the power law fluid; the wall roughness has a significant impact on the local resistance coefficicnt. As the pipe wall roughness increasing, the coefficient of local resistance force will increase. The main reason of the influence of the roughness on the local resistance coefficient is the increase of the eddy current region in the power law fluid flow, which increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the main flow. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the local resistance property of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes.展开更多
A new species of Tsaidamotherium(Bovidae,Artiodactyla),T.brevirostrum,described here represents only the second discovery of the genus.Tsaidamotherium is a mid-sized late Miocene bovid with an odd-looking plate-like h...A new species of Tsaidamotherium(Bovidae,Artiodactyla),T.brevirostrum,described here represents only the second discovery of the genus.Tsaidamotherium is a mid-sized late Miocene bovid with an odd-looking plate-like horn-core apparatus so far known only from northwestern China.The holotype of T.brevirostrum is a cranial part of skull from the Liushu Formation(late Miocene)of the Linxia Basin.The new species differs from the type species,T.bohlini,mainly in horn-core morphology,having the frontal horn-cores proper much smaller and less distinctly separated from the plate-shaped posterior portion.Furthermore,the new species has smaller frontal sinuses,but a thicker layer of compact bone beneath the horn-core apparatus as seen in frontal section.A complete skull with a smaller horn-core apparatus is considered to represent a female individual of T.brevirostrum.The facial part of the skull,which is first known for this genus,is very short and high,with a high nasal cavity,strongly retracted nasals,and shortened premaxillae and premolar rows.All this probably suggests that the animal with an enlarged nasal cavity,like the modern Saiga and Budorcas,may have had a special adaptation to the high plateau environment.展开更多
A theoretical investigation concerning the influence of slip velocity on the flow of blood through an artery having its wall permeable has been carried out. Here blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. The ...A theoretical investigation concerning the influence of slip velocity on the flow of blood through an artery having its wall permeable has been carried out. Here blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. The flow is characterized by three parameters： /3 the ratio of radius to length of the arterial segment, Re the characteristic Reynolds number associated with the pressure outside the arterial segment and c the filtration coe^cient. The problem has been solved by the use of a perturbation technique, e is considered to be very small, ensuring the validity of the perturbation method. The computed numerical results are presented graphically to depict the variations in velocity, volumetric flow rate, wall shear stress and flow resistance.展开更多
文摘A new species Pseudiberus (Pseudiberus) maoensis sp.nov.was proposed,and the first dissection study was carried out upon Bradybaena (Bradybaena) pseudocampylaea (Moellendorff),Bradybaena (Bradybaena) sueshanensis Pilsbry,and Bradybaena (Bradybaena) controversa monotaeniata Pilsbry.All examined specimens as well as types are housed in the Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.
文摘The demand for natural resources, energy and food facing the contemporary perception of sustainability is imposing challenges to the productive sectors in accordance with market guidelines. In this context, the Brazilian agribusiness seeks to maintain external competitiveness and to satisfy growing domestic demands. In beef production, this competitiveness pervades traceability, food safety and sustainability. This article aims to identify the sustainability state of the art in agribusiness and characterize it within the Brazilian beef chain. Descriptive methodology, combining a literature review and a documentary data survey were adopted. An outline of the dimensions of agribusiness sustainability, drawn from benchmark practices, indicates that environmental, social and technological demands have become part of the industry＇s agenda. The data for beef cattle point to a growth in production but demonstrate that expansion has occurred in areas of environmental tension, which creates a demand for sustainability in the beef chain. A table of guidelines for sustainability demonstrates that although perceptions are not yet harmonized among the links in the whole beef chain, many of the technological guidelines for sustainable production may increase the producer＇s economic efficiency. In the Brazilian case, the increment of initiatives and dissemination of sustainable practices among the beef chain is desirable to provide a coordinated response of production, processing and distribution organizations facing market opportunities for sustainable livestock.
文摘Contagious bovine pleuro-pneumonia （CBPP） is one of the endemic and life-threatening livestock diseases in the arid and semi-arid land areas （ASALs） of Kenya, which justify the case for the control of livestock diseases to avoid the spread of such diseases from the ASALs to the rest of the country, and a CBPP control quarantine line （CQL） that to help prevent the spread of CBPP from the ASALs of North-eastern Kenya to the rest of the country has been in existence since the colonial （pre-1963） times in Kenya. However, the livestock keepers in the ASALs view the CQL as an impediment to their main source of livelihoods because it entails livestock movement restrictions, thus constraining unfettered livestock marketing. Available literature shows that there is a dearth of information on the economics of livestock diseases control in Kenya in terms of its impacts on social welfare. Employing the CQL as a case study, this study shows that an application of analytic techniques that combine disease risk analysis and conventional cost-benefit modelling that incorporates some aspects that are specific to livestock diseases and their control strategies can generate indices of economic impacts of livestock diseases control on social welfare. The study finds that the livestock keepers and traders in Kenya do not consider CBPP a major problem to warrant livestock movement restrictions, yet the official records of the veterinary authorities indicate that CBPP is a major threat to the cattle industry in Kenya. Annually, the government spends substantial resources on the CQL operation and maintenance and also on CBPP surveillance and monitoring to contain the CBPP menace in Kenya. This study shows that such expenditures are economically and socially justifiable. Nevertheless, the study finds some operational inefficiencies in the enforcement of the CQL requirements. The authors, therefore, undertake an evaluation of alternative CBPP control strategies and conclude that it would be more cost effective to shift the CQL from its current location to the international borders of the arid districts, provided that this action is preceded by adequate CBPP control preparatory measures, as described in the paper.
文摘Afyon kaymak （milk cream） is traditional dairy product of Afyon city which is a junction of Middle Anatolia and West regions and famous with its thermal tourism and food. However, challenging production process led Afyon kaymak to lose its importance. Although buffalo milk is the raw material of traditional Afyon kaymak, cow milk can be used in the process. In traditional process, milk is filtered with double cheesecloth and gotten into the aluminum or tinned copper milk cream pans where the capacity is around 2.5-3.0 L. Half-filled pan is warm up to 90-95 ℃. Pans are carried to cool area and left until cooling. Milk cream on the cooled pans is lined by a pin. New milked milk is added to the lined cream in pans and heated for 1 h. It is covered and held on for 6-8 h. While holding period is until afternoon on summer time, it is until mid-afternoon in winter. Covers of the pans are opened and hold in a cool place until morning and, thus, cream is chilled. Cream layer on pans are lined and gotten out of pans. Cream as circle is divided into four pieces and left to the cream package after turning down. In this review, we aimed to give some information about Afyon kaymak and its production methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175077,11575075,and 11647153)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province in China(Grant No.L201683666)
文摘We investigate the post-Newtonian parameter 7 and derive its formalism in generalized non-local （GNL） gravity, which is the modified theory of general relativity （GR） obtained by adding a term m2n-2 R -nR to the Einstein-Hilbert action. Concretely, based on parametrizing the generalized non-local action in which gravity is described by a series of dynamical scalar fields ~i in addition to the metric tensor g μ v, the post-Newtonian limit is computed, and the effective gravitational constant as well as the post-Newtonian parameters are directly obtained from the generalized non-local gravity. Moreover, by discussing the values of the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters 9,, we can compare our expressions and results with those in Hohmann and Jarv et al. （2016）, as well as current observational constraints on the values of γ in Will （2006）. Hence, we draw restrictions on the nonminimal coupling terms F- around their background values.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.ZR2014JL039)
文摘This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. By employing nu- merical simulation and theoretical analysis the properties of the flow and local resistance of power law fluid under different working conditions are obtained. To explore the change rule the experiment is carried out by changing the Reynolds number, the wall roughness and differcnt diameter ratio of elbow pipe. The variation of the local resistance coefficient with the Reynolds number, the diameter ratio and the wall roughness is presented comprehensively in the paper. The results show that the local resistance force coefficient hardly changes with Reynolds number of the power law fluid; the wall roughness has a significant impact on the local resistance coefficicnt. As the pipe wall roughness increasing, the coefficient of local resistance force will increase. The main reason of the influence of the roughness on the local resistance coefficient is the increase of the eddy current region in the power law fluid flow, which increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the main flow. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the local resistance property of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes.
基金supported by Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB03020104)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB821900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41002010 and 40730210)
文摘A new species of Tsaidamotherium(Bovidae,Artiodactyla),T.brevirostrum,described here represents only the second discovery of the genus.Tsaidamotherium is a mid-sized late Miocene bovid with an odd-looking plate-like horn-core apparatus so far known only from northwestern China.The holotype of T.brevirostrum is a cranial part of skull from the Liushu Formation(late Miocene)of the Linxia Basin.The new species differs from the type species,T.bohlini,mainly in horn-core morphology,having the frontal horn-cores proper much smaller and less distinctly separated from the plate-shaped posterior portion.Furthermore,the new species has smaller frontal sinuses,but a thicker layer of compact bone beneath the horn-core apparatus as seen in frontal section.A complete skull with a smaller horn-core apparatus is considered to represent a female individual of T.brevirostrum.The facial part of the skull,which is first known for this genus,is very short and high,with a high nasal cavity,strongly retracted nasals,and shortened premaxillae and premolar rows.All this probably suggests that the animal with an enlarged nasal cavity,like the modern Saiga and Budorcas,may have had a special adaptation to the high plateau environment.
文摘A theoretical investigation concerning the influence of slip velocity on the flow of blood through an artery having its wall permeable has been carried out. Here blood is treated as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. The flow is characterized by three parameters： /3 the ratio of radius to length of the arterial segment, Re the characteristic Reynolds number associated with the pressure outside the arterial segment and c the filtration coe^cient. The problem has been solved by the use of a perturbation technique, e is considered to be very small, ensuring the validity of the perturbation method. The computed numerical results are presented graphically to depict the variations in velocity, volumetric flow rate, wall shear stress and flow resistance.
