德国西南部惠格兰牧草区土壤微生物生物量的研究

对德国巴登符腾堡州的惠格兰牧草区施肥与不施肥区土壤微生物生物量的研究表明：年平均土壤微生物生物量中Ｃ、Ｎ及其流通量不施肥区均高于施肥区。微生物生物量周转率施肥区大于不施肥区，生物量周转时间则是施肥区小于不施肥区。有机肥料的使用可促进微生物的转化能力。生物通过微生物转化的Ｎ素远大于施入土壤的Ｎ素，也大于植物带走的Ｎ素，表明土壤微生物生物量是土壤养分的源与库。

黄河上游牧草区水热变化及土壤水分响应

利用月降水、气温等资料,分析甘南草原地区水热配置和土壤水分变化。结果表明:牧草生长期降水增多,成熟期降水减少;逐月降水、气温变化的线性趋势有明显差异;月降水明显减少和气温明显上升中存在突变,周期谱有明显差别。土壤水分存在显著下降趋势,在1995年发生了突变(转向明显负距平)。土壤水分年际演变与降水同向性较好,年代际变化与气温呈反位相配置;土壤水分演变振荡周期对降水短周期和气温长周期响应明显。

基于结构方程模型的中国牧草企业竞争力

基于西北牧草优势区122家牧草企业的实地调研数据,采用因子分析法和结构方程模型,从发展能力、资产实力、财务能力、经营管理能力和技术研发能力5个方面构建中国牧草企业竞争力评估指标体系,并对影响牧草企业竞争力的因素进行分析。结果表明,牧草企业的员工受教育水平越高、贷款规模越大、机械化程度越高、对当地经济影响程度越强烈,业务增长速度越快,表明企业的竞争力越强;固定资产投入越高,财务能力和盈利能力越强的企业,其竞争力也越强。基于此,建议牧草企业从提高牧草加工的机械化程度、拓宽业务范围、重视固定资产投入的针对性、调整变革企业经营模式,以及建立完善的人才引进机制、发挥行业优势、培养和提升牧草从业人员的管理水平和技术技能等方面入手以提升其竞争力。

川西北高寒牧区草地优化经营研究

前言“川西北高寒牧区草地优化经营研究”系四川省科学技术委员会1988年度下达的省列重点软科学研究项目(起止年限1988年5月～1989年9月),由四川省草原研究所、四川省畜牧局草原处共同主持,甘孜州畜牧局、红原县人民政府、红原县农牧局、红原县龙壤乡政府协作完成。本项研究经过了调查研究、综合分析、报告撰写三个阶段。

草原生态补偿机制研究进展

从草地分布的重要生态屏障位置,草原退化沙化的严峻形势来看,实施草原生态服务补偿在我国是十分迫切和必要的。对草原生态补偿机制的概念、研究现状及建立的必要性进行了阐述,提出了建立草原生态补偿机制的原则及政策建议。

Mountain Pastures and Grasslands in the SW Tien Shan,Kyrgyzstan-Floristic Patterns,Environmental Gradients,Phytogeography,and Grazing Impact

Vast grasslands are found in the walnut-fruit forest region of southern Kyrgyzstan,Middle Asia.Located above the worldwide unique walnutfruit forests and used for grazing,they play a pivotal role in the mixed mountain agriculture of local farmers.Accordingly,these pastures are subject to an increasing utilization pressure reflecting the changing political and social conditions in the transformation process from a Soviet republic to an independent state.A first detailed analysis of mountain pasture vegetation in the Ferghana Range answers the following questions:What are the main plant community types among Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures? What are the main environmental gradients that shape their species composition? Which phytogeographical distribution types are predominant? How does grazing affect community composition and species richness in these grasslands? Species composition was classified by cluster analysis;underlying environmental gradients were explored using DCA.A dataset of 395 relevés was used for classification,and a subset of 79 relevés was used in a DCA to analyze the correlation between vegetation,environment,and grazing impact.The investigated pastures were classified into four distinctive plant communities.The site factors altitude,heat load,inclination and grazing impact were found to be the major determinants of the vegetation pattern.A significant overlap between floristic composition and structural and spatial properties was shown.The majority of the species pool consisted of Middle Asian endemics and Eurosiberian species.However,disturbance-tolerant species played a significant role with respect to species composition and coverage of the herbaceous layer in vast areas of southern Kyrgyzstan's mountain pastures.In general,an intense grazing impact is clearly reflected by both species composition and structural variables of plant communities.The highly diverse and unique ecosystem is modified by an increasing utilization pressure.In order to maintain vital processes and functioning of this valuable ecosystem-in both economical and ecological terms-,it is indispensable to adopt appropriate pasture management strategies.

The Extension and Utilization of the Pasture in the Tropical Area of China

This paper summarized the research and development of pasture in the tropical areas,and simply generalized the problems and methods for improvement and expected the advancement of the tropical pasture.